Patogenisitas Cendawan Entomopatogen dari Rizosfir Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus) terhadap Hama Penggerek Polong Etiella zinckenella Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The objective of this study was to get entomopathogenic fungi isolates of bean plant rhizosphere derived from Nagari Sawah Tangah, District Pariangan, Tanah Datar Regency and to determine their pathogenicity on pod borer E. zinckenella. Isolation method was performed by diluting the soil samples in a serial dilution into 10-3 and cultured in PDA media. Furthermore, the purification was based on the shape and color of the fungus colonies. A total of 16 isolates obtained at the initial stage were selected by testing them against the fifth instar larvae Tenebrio molitor. Results showed that only 4 isolates (STA 1, STA 2.2, STA 5, and STB 3.1) could be further tested against E. zinckenella pod borer using completely randomized design (CRD). The highest pathogenicity isolates was exhibited by STA 1 belonged to Metarhizium genera

Keanekaragaman Serangga Air di Sawah Konvensional dan Organik di Kota Padang

Study on diversity of aquatic insects in rice is important to determine the condition of the rice fields. The purpose of this research was to study the community of aquatic insects in two difference cultivations (organic and conventional) and sub districts (Koto Tangah dan Pauh) in Padang City. Purposive random sampling method was used. Samples were collected by using water insect nets and water bottle traps. The results showed that the aquatic insects found in the study site consisted of 5 orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Odonata), 16 families, 51 species and 3808 individuals. Aquatic insect populations in organic farming was higher (5 orders, 15 families, 48 species and 3089 individuals) than conventional (4 orders, 9 families, 20 species and 719 individuals). Aquatic insects found were acting as predators (3718 individuals), detrivors (7 individuals), and omnivors (83 individuals). The diversity indexes of aquatic insects on two locations were classified as medium but the diversity in organic cultivation was higher than conventional

Karakterisasi Genetik Trichoderma Spp Indigenus Rizosfir Pisang Yang Berpotensi Pengendalian Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Cubense Penyebab Penyakit Layu Fusarium Pada Pisang

The objective of the research was to characterize the genetic variation of Trichoderma spp. Study of genetic characters used Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain-reaction (RAPD-PCR) that amplicated with four primers (OPA 2, OPA 17, OPB- 05 and Primer 2). Analysis result of genetic variation of Trichoderma spp make as dendrogram. The result of the research indicated that : 1) Trichoderma spp. had the great genetic variation, 2)Trichoderma isolate from the same region did not always have the same genetic profile, 3) S6 and T1 isolates were effective to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. cubense than the others but had a different genetic profile

Pemanfaatan Bahan Organik Sebagai Pembawa Untuk Peningkatan Kepadatan Populasi Trichoderma Viride Pada Rizosfir Pisang Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium

The aims of the research were to determine the best organic matter as carrier for growth and increasing the density of Trichoderma viride strain TV-T1sk (TV-T1sk) and its influence on Fusarium wilt disease development on banana seedling. This research consisted of two experiments, i.e. (1). Growth testing of TV-T1sk in various organic matter, (2). Various organic matter testing for increasing the density of TV-T1sk in banana rhizosphere and its influence on Fusarium wilt desease development. The treatments were various organic matter, namely rice straw, sugar cane pulp, rice bran+banana plant waste, hull of rice+sugar cane pulp and rice. The variables observed were density and viability of conidia on various organic matter. Propagule density after introduction to banana rhizosphere was determined by observing TV-T1sk propagul from the rizosphere of banana seedling. The influence of density on Fusarium wilt disease development was determined by incubation period, the percentage of symptomized leaves and the intensity of corm damage. The results showed that both sugar cane pulp and rice were the best organic matter for increasing the growth and the density of TV-T1sk after introduction to banana rhizosphere. The density of TV-T1sk propagule on banana rhizophere influenced the development of Fusarium wilt disease

Viability and Temperature Effect to Conidia Germination of Trichoderma spp Indigenous Banana Rhizosphere in West Sumatera Indonesia

The purpose of this research was to study the viability and temperature effect on conidial germination of Trichoderma spp. indigenous banana rhizosphere in west Sumatera Indonesia. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 15 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were 15 Trichoderma isolates from various banana rhizosphere in West Sumatera Indonesia and had evaluated i n vitro and in planta for biological activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense. The observations were : the width of colony, production of conidia, the germination of conidia and conidia sensitivity to temperature. The result showed that the viability of Trichoderma spp isolated from various banana rhizosphere in West Sumatera Indonesia were different. Trichoderma isolates : TD1, SO10, were the isolates that had better viability than other isolates and more tolerant to high temperature

Kemampuan Antagonis Bakteri Endofit dan Konsorsiumnya terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Culvularia oryzae Bugnic

E Endophytic bacteria have several advantages, including controlling plant pathogens and increasing plant growth. As a biological control, endophytic bacteria can suppress the development of plant pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to obtain endophytic bacteria and the consortium of endophytic bacteria that can inhibit the growth of C. oryzae. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for studying the ability of endophytic bacteria using eight isolates: Bacillus sp HI, Bacillus sp SJI, B. cereus P14, B. cereus Se07, Serratia marcescens strain JB1E2, S. marces-cens strain JB3, S. marcescens strain ULG1E2 and S. marcescens strain ULG1E4, with three replications. For Studying the ability of endophytic bacteria consortium using six endophytic bacteria consortia and control with three replications. Observations were made on the inhibition growth of C. oryzae. The results showed that all endophytic bacteria and the endophytic bacteria consortium could inhibit C. oryzae, with inhibition of 58.50% – 75.00% and 38.00% – 77.00%. Endophytic bacteria which can significantly suppress the growth of C. oryzae were B. cereus Se07, Bacillus sp HI and Bacillus sp SJI with inhibition of 75.00%, 70.50%, and 70.00%. The endophytic bacteria consortium that had a high ability to suppress the growth of C. oryzae was the consortium of B (S. marcescens strain ULG1E4, S. marcescens strain JB1E3), D (Bacillus sp SJI, Bacillus sp HI, S. marcescenns JB1E3), and G (Bacillus sp SJI, S. marcescens strain ULG1E4), with inhibition of 77.00%, 72.33%, and 71.33%, respectively

Viability and environmental effect to conidial germination of antagonistic fungi that potential as biological control of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides caused antracnose disease on chili

Authors. 2018. Short Communication: Viability and environmental effect to conidial germination of antagonistic fungi that potential as biological control of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides caused antracnose disease on chili. Biodiversitas 19: 974-977. Some of antagonistic fungi from chili rhizosphere were potential to suppress the growth of colletotrichum gloeosporoides in vitro. This present study was aimed to observe the viability of antagonistic fungi and effect of temperature and ultraviolet light to its conidial germination. We targeted to obtain the isolate with the best viability and high resistance to temperature and ultraviolet changes. The experiment used a completely randomized design consisted of nine treatments and four replication. The treatment were nine of antagonistic fungi isolates from chili rhizosphere that consisted of two genera, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces, each comprised four isolates and unidentified isolate (X isolate). These four isolates were considered as replication for observation. The observed parameters observe included the width of colony, density of conidia, germination of conidia, effect of temperature and ultraviolet light changes to conidial germination. The results showed that antagonistic fungi from the genus Trichoderma had the best viability (the width of colony = 39.68-56.92 cm , density of conidia 40.50-57.50 x 10 9 conidia/mL and germination of conidia > 80%) and highest resistance to temperature and ultraviolet changes compared with the other fungi used in this study