A People-state Negotiation in a Borderland a Case Study of the Indonesia–Malaysia Frontier in Sebatik Island

This paper aims to show the dynamics of the Indonesian – Malaysian border area in Sebatik Island, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Take into account as a background is the territorial dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia over the Ligitan and Sipadan Islands which were awarded to Malaysia by the decision of the ICJ (International Court of Justice) in 2002, which was followed by the dispute over the Ambalat sea block in 2005. Sebatik Island is geographically very strategic since it faces the disputed areas. Therefore the concerns of the Indonesian state with regard to the island pertain to issues of nation-state sovereignty and territorial security, which she tries to safeguard through intensive campaigns. Research conducted in Sebatik in 2009 showed how people willingly reinforced the state by incorporating its programs, despite their ambiguous position as people in a border area, which support they used subsequently in negotiating with the state for their own local purpose

Property and the Public Forum: An Essay on Christian Legal Society v. Martinez

Christian Legal Society v. Martinez is situated at the intersection of various, and arguably conflicting, lines of doctrine. In ultimately holding that the Hastings College of Law could decline to recognize the student chapter of the Christian Legal Society due to the group’s refusal to accept members who did not conform their beliefs and conduct to the principles of CLS (particularly regarding homosexuality),the Supreme Court was required to sort through a tangle of precedents involving free speech limitations in nonpublic for a, religious groups’ rights of equal access to school facilities, and freedom of expressive association. Perhaps less obviously, however, CLS also stands in relation to Pleasant Grove City v. Summum and Salazar v. Buono, two other recent Roberts Court cases. In CLS, as in Summum and Buono, the Supreme Court turned to property - both as a metaphor and as a doctrinal tool - to resolve difficult and multifaceted constitutional questions. Although the relationship between First Amendment rights and property rights is a long-standing one, the Court seems to have turned to property with a renewed enthusiasm in these three recent cases. And although the property framework may appear to hold the promise of simplicity, neutrality, and avoidance of difficult policy questions, this brief essay, prepared for a special online symposium issue of the Duke Journal of Constitutional Law and Public Policy, argues that it fails to deliver on those promises. Instead, property analysis obscures the complex First Amendment issues behind seemingly easy categorical judgments and grants the government virtually unlimited power to exclude undesired speakers and groups. Notwithstanding the Court’s approach, the crux of the issue is, and has always been, when First Amendment values should overcome the forum owner’s right to exclude. That is a question the Court seems increasingly loath to resolve

Weak convergence of conditioned birth-death processes in discrete time

We consider a discrete-time birth-death process on the nonnegative integers with -1 as an absorbing state and study the limiting behaviour as $n \to \infty$ of the process conditioned on nonabsorption until time $n$. By proving that a condition recently proposed by Martinez and Vares is vacuously true, we establish that the conditioned process is always weakly convergent when all self-transition probabilities are zero. In the aperiodic case we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for weak convergence

State of Utah, Plaintiff/Appellee, v. Reynaldo Thomas Martinez, Defendant/Appellant : Reply Brief

REPLY BRIEF OF MR. MARTINEZ On appeal from the Third Judicial District Court, Salt Lake County,Honorable Paul B. Parker presidingDefendant is incarcerate

State of Utah, Plaintiff/Appellee, v. Reynaldo Thomas Martinez, Defendant/Appellant : Reply Brief

REPLY BRIEF OF MR. MARTINEZ On appeal from the Third Judicial District Court, Salt Lake County,Honorable Paul B. Parker presidingDefendant is incarcerate

STATE OF UTAH, Plaintiff/Appellee, v. REYNALDO THOMAS MARTINEZ, Defendant/Appellant. : Reply Brief

REPLY BRIEF OF MR. MARTINEZ On appeal from the Third Judicial District Court, Salt Lake County,Honorable Paul B. Parker presidingDefendant is incarcerate

State of Utah, Plaintiff/Appellee, v. Reynaldo Thomas Martinez, Defendant/Appellant : Reply Brief

REPLY BRIEF OF MR. MARTINEZ On appeal from the Third Judicial District Court, Salt Lake County,Honorable Paul B. Parker presidingDefendant is incarcerate

STATE OF UTAH, Plaintiff/Appellee, v. REYNALDO THOMAS MARTINEZ, Defendant/Appellant. : Reply Brief

REPLY BRIEF OF MR. MARTINEZ On appeal from the Third Judicial District Court, Salt Lake County,Honorable Paul B. Parker presidingDefendant is incarcerate

A review of life cycle assessments of renewable energy systems

A review of life cycle assessments (LCAs) of wind energy published in the past few years are presented in this paper. The aim is to identify the differences of the developed methodologies, in particular, the factors such as methods used, energy performance and influence of uncertainty. Each of the factors is addressed to highlight the shortcomings and strengths of various approaches. Potential issues were identified regarding the way LCA is used for assessing environmental impact and energy performance of wind energy. It is found that the potential of incorporating the quantification of uncertainty in the manufacturing phase has not been studied elaborately. A framework methodology has been proposed in this paper to address this issue

100 Years of Women at Fordham: A Foreword and Reflection

As we reflect back on 100 Years of Women at Fordham Law School, we have much to celebrate. In contrast to the eight women who joined 312 men at the Law School in 1918—or 2.6 percent of the class—women have constituted approximately 50 percent of our matriculants for decades. Life for women at the Law School has come a long way in more than just numbers. For example, in 1932, the Law School recorded the first known practice of “Ladies’ Day,” a day on which some professors would call on women, who otherwise were expected to be silent in their classes. In this context, one can only imagine the experience of Mildred Fischer, the first woman to serve as Editor-in-Chief of the Fordham Law Review, in 1936. We have come a long way and, thankfully, it is no longer unusual to see a woman voted Editor-in-Chief of the Law Review and our other scholarly journals. Women also have rightly claimed their place at the head of the Student Bar Association and countless student organizations. From the very start, however, women have succeeded as scholars and advocates at the Law School and in their careers. It is in this context that I express my gratitude to the Fordham Law Review Online for creating this space for women—faculty, alumnae, and students— to share their scholarship. Delightfully, there is no umbrella theme or limitation on the scope of their contributions; rather, they have followed their own intellectual curiosity and passions to create this terrific collection of Essays. The short precis that follow are designed to lure the reader to discover more about their keen ideas and brilliant minds