System zones in capillary electrophoresis

Martina Riesová Abstract of Ph.D. Thesis Capillary electrophoresis is a method of choice in many analytical laboratories for its high separation efficiency, rapidity, low consumption of chemicals and therefore low costs. Inherent to each electrophoretic separation system are system peaks, which can significantly affect or confuse the electrophoretic results. In capillary zone electrophoresis, position of system zones can be predicted easily and reliably by means of prediction software based on a theoretical description of electromigration. However, the prediction of only position of a system zone may not be sufficient for identification of system peaks in obtained electropherograms. Therefore, an existing theoretical model was significantly extended and new version of PeakMaster software (PeakMaster 5.3) was introduced in the framework of this thesis. PeakMaster 5.3 enables to predict not only the positions of system zones, but also their shapes and polarity. Thus, PeakMaster 5.3 improves the prediction possibility of overlapping or interaction of system peaks with analyte peaks. Moreover, composition of the sample can be optimized in order to obtain convenient shapes and amplitudes of system peaks. The applicability of capillary zone electrophoresis can be extended by addition of a complexation agent into...Martina Riesová Souhrn dizertační práce Kapilární elektroforéza je účinná, spolehlivá a rychlá separační metoda s nízkou spotřebou chemikálií a tedy i nízkými náklady na analýzu. Systémové zóny, které tato práce studuje, jsou nevyhnutelnou součástí každého elektroforetického systému a v nepříznivých případech mohou značně ovlivnit elektroforetické výsledky, znehodnotit je, nebo vést k jejich špatnému výkladu. Pomocí predikčních počítačových programů vystavěných na základě teoretického popisu elektromigrace lze v jednoduchých systémech dobře a spolehlivě předpovídat pozice systémových píků. Tato předpověď však nemusí být dostatečná a nemusí zaručit jednoznačnou identifikaci systémových píků v získaných záznamech. V rámci předkládané práce byl proto rozšířen současný teoretický model elektromigrace a vznikla nová verze 5.3 predikčního programu PeakMaster, která umožňuje předpovídat nejen pozice, ale i tvary a polarity systémových zón. Pomocí nového PeakMasteru 5.3 lze tak lépe předpovídat případnou interakci nebo překryv systémových píků s píky analytů a nově může být také optimalizováno složení vzorku právě s ohledem na polaritu a tvary systémových píků. Program PeakMaster má široké využití v běžné analytické praxi při efektivním výběru separačních systémů a predikce elektroforetických výsledků....Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryKatedra fyzikální a makromol. chemieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Separation and Quantification of 1,4-benzodiazepines: HPLC versus CZE

The goal of the present study was to separate a set of benzodiazepines, namely bromazepam, oxazepam, nitrazepam, chlordiazepoxide, flunitrazepam, lormetazepam and diazepam by analytical scale HPLC and CZE. The both methods for separation of these seven compounds from the 1,4-benzodiazepine group were optimized and compared. LODs and LOQs were determined under the optimized conditions in the both methods. The corresponding LOD and LOQ values are approximately three orders of magnitude lower in HPLC than in CZE. As expected, elution order was found to be different for the both techniques. As a result of a critical collation of all the parameters considered, RP-HPLC was found to be more suitable for determination of the set of benzodiazepines. A real sample analysis was performed under optimized conditions to demonstrate applicability of the proposed analytical methods. (doi: 10.5562/cca1738

Gel electrophoresis on a chip

Katedra fyzikální a makromol. chemieDepartment of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Oscillating electrolytes in electrophoresis

Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryKatedra fyzikální a makromol. chemiePřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Oscillating electrolytes in electrophoresis

Oscillating electrophoretic systems are systems exhibiting oscillations in concentration profiles of all ions when electric current is passing through them. These systems were predicted from linear model of electromigration and the oscillations are a direct consequence of complex system eigenmobilities. We searched for ternary oscillating systems composed of two acids and one base. A tool we used was program PeakMaster, which was modified to enable easier and faster finding of systems with complex eigenmobilities and optimization of their composition. We found eight ternary systems with complex eigenmobility and inspected them experimentally. Five of them proved oscillating behavior. We also found one quaternary oscillating system. To compare theory and experiment we calculated in PeakMaster a theoretical position of the system zones with complex eigenmobilities. In experiments we recognized the system zones like a small gap in the pattern of oscillation. Position of this gap was in very good agreement with theoretical prediction by PeakMaster. We confirmed that the complete oscillating pattern travels in the capillary with velocity determined by real part of complex eigenmobility. Also we tested a robustness of oscillation in some systems and compared simulated the amplitude of oscillations with..

Gel electrophoresis on a chip

Katedra fyzikální a makromol. chemieDepartment of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

System zones in capillary electrophoresis

Martina Riesová Abstract of Ph.D. Thesis Capillary electrophoresis is a method of choice in many analytical laboratories for its high separation efficiency, rapidity, low consumption of chemicals and therefore low costs. Inherent to each electrophoretic separation system are system peaks, which can significantly affect or confuse the electrophoretic results. In capillary zone electrophoresis, position of system zones can be predicted easily and reliably by means of prediction software based on a theoretical description of electromigration. However, the prediction of only position of a system zone may not be sufficient for identification of system peaks in obtained electropherograms. Therefore, an existing theoretical model was significantly extended and new version of PeakMaster software (PeakMaster 5.3) was introduced in the framework of this thesis. PeakMaster 5.3 enables to predict not only the positions of system zones, but also their shapes and polarity. Thus, PeakMaster 5.3 improves the prediction possibility of overlapping or interaction of system peaks with analyte peaks. Moreover, composition of the sample can be optimized in order to obtain convenient shapes and amplitudes of system peaks. The applicability of capillary zone electrophoresis can be extended by addition of a complexation agent into..