La reparación a las víctimas del delito por parte del Estado: análisis del caso español

In questo articolo, l'autrice pone in rilievo come occorre configurare provvedimenti efficaci a favore delle vittime del crimine, data la loro importanza come specifici adempimenti di uno Stato di diritto. Da quando la realtà dei fatti ci mostra come, in generale, l'insolvenza dell'imputato causi l'insoddisfazione della vittima, diventa necessario ideare un sistema statuale di compensazione sussidiaria che estenda la possibilità a tutte le vittime di ottenere riparazione (al di là della precaria situazione dello stato spagnolo che fornisce aiuto solamente per alcuni reati). Résumé Dans cet article, l'auteur met en évidence les modalités permettant de rendre plus efficace l'aide aux victimes des crimes, étant donné son importance en tant qu'obligation spécifique incombant sur un État de droit. Depuis que la réalité des faits nous a montré que, en général, l'insolvabilité de l'accusé provoque une insatisfaction chez la victime, il devient nécessaire d'envisager un système étatique subsidiaire de dédommagement afin de donner la possibilité à toutes les victimes d'obtenir la réparation du préjudice subi (au-delà de la situation précaire de l'état espagnol, qui n'assure de l'aide qu'aux victimes de certains délits seulement). Abstract In this paper, the author deals with the importance of taking measures to compensate for victims of crime and how this should be a specific requisite for maintaining the rule of law. In most cases the insolvency of the defendant leaves the victim uncompensated. Therefore it is necessary to devise a system of State-subsidized compensation that covers all victims of crime (unlike the partial system in Spain which provides aid only for certain offences)

On Weyl Quantization from geometric Quantization

A. Weinstein has conjectured a nice looking formula for a deformed product of functions on a hermitian symmetric space of non-compact type. We derive such a formula for symmetric symplectic spaces using ideas from geometric quantization and prequantization of symplectic groupoids. We compute the result explicitly for the natural 2-dimensional symplectic manifolds: the euclidean plane, the sphere and the hyperbolic plane. For the euclidean plane we obtain the well known Moyal-Weyl product. The other cases show that Weinstein's original idea should be interpreted with care. We conclude with comments on the status of our result.Comment: 11 pages. (v2: corrected a couple of typos

Regional Financing: Spanish Autonomous Communities Versus German Laenders

Spanish state descentralization is very similar to the most important federal countries. In spite of the advances in the regional financing system it hasn't been able to give the needed autonomy and financial sufficiency to fund the transferred competencies in the Spanish Autonomies. From 1987 to nowdays four different models of financiation have been implemented. The last one, approved in 2001 and though it seemed to be succesfull, it is going to be remodelled shortly . There are objective reasons to justify the system modification: evolution of the public expenses, inmigration, in general terms, society evolution. However, it is a political reason what has brought this topic on. Last proposal comes from the Catalonian Government. Some parts of the proposal take as model the German länder financial system, specially the basket tax and the interregional solidarity system. The aim of this research is to compare socioeconomic features in regions belonging to Germany and Spain as well as their financial system in order to know what can be useful to Autonomic Spanish financial system taken from the German one. The methodology used is the following one: a) First of all, we have studied the main socioeconomic features of Spanish regions and of German länders. In this part of the work, we have been able to get similarities between regions in both countries. Similarities that can justify directly or indirectly some aspects of the financing. b) Secondly, it has been made a description of the financial system applied in German länders and in the Spanish Autonomies. It has been specially compared the extent of autonomy and solidarity in each system. c) Thirdly, it has been studied the reform proposed by the Catalonian Government identifying its relation to the German regional financial system. d) And finally, it has been made a valoration about the Catalonian Government proposals and some other conclusions have been drawn over the possibility to implement German system to Spanish regions

Safety-Critical Java on a Java Processor

The safety-critical Java (SCJ) specification is developed within the Java Community Process under specification request number JSR 302. The specification is available as public draft, but details are still discussed by the expert group. In this stage of the specification we need prototype implementations of SCJ and first test applications that are written with SCJ, even when the specification is not finalized. The feedback from those prototype implementations is needed for final decisions. To help the SCJ expert group, a prototype implementation of SCJ on top of the Java optimized processor is developed and presented in this paper. This implementation raises issues in the SCJ specification and provides feedback to the expert group

Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica Participativos como herramientas para el desarrollo rural sostenible: Análisis conceptual y revisión de experiencias

El concepto de SIGP está referido al uso de la tecnología para integrar el conocimiento experto con el conocimiento experimentado en el ámbito de un proyecto. La tecnología permite la gestión, análisis y representación de grandes volúmenes de datos con proyección territorial, facilitando la comprensión de las múltiples variables que influyen en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Los SIGP presentan fortalezas y riesgos que han generado estudios de mejora de la práctica, asociados frecuentemente a aplicaciones online. El elemento fundamental de éxito es la participación, definida atendiendo al propósito, personas involucradas y forma de aplicación. En los proyectos de desarrollo rural, la aplicación de los SIGP debe tener como objetivo el desarrollo sostenible. Para ello la participación debe estar presente en cada una de las etapas del proceso, organizado según el esquema del Ciclo del Proyecto. La revisión de múltiples experiencias de SIGP en proyectos de desarrollo rural indica que en la mayoría de los casos no se analiza la participación y uso de esta tecnología en cada fase del proyecto. Esto justifica la definición de una metodología que integre el conocimiento experto y experimentado en la aplicación de los SIGP en las fases del Ciclo del Proyecto

Olive Tree Farming in Jaen: Situation With the New Cap and Comparison With the Province Income Per Capita.

Jaén (province belonging to European Union) represents more than 15% of the Spanish production of olive oil, around 7% of European Union olive oil and more than 5% of the world production. Olive oil represents more than 90% of the income in Jaen agricultural sector and agricultural sector contributes with 15% of GDP province in 2003. The aims of this paper is to show the evolution of the main socioeconomic variables of this farming during the nineties decade in one province belonging to the most significant region in the world and compare during the nineties the income per capita in this province with the income in the olive oil. The variables analysed in each plantation are: productivity or cultivation yield on Hectare; labour work; cultivation expenses without including labour work; Agriculture Common Policy subventions; standar gross margin (according to directions of the European Union Agriculture General Board) and net margin. On the other hand, the main macroeconomics variables used are: Gross Internal Product, Population, labour work and productivity of labour. The information farms reflected in this paper is based upon four investigations and previous research carried out by the same authors. The secondary data has been got from Institutions and Public Statistics from Andalusian Regional Government. The original investigations were funded by the Department of Agriculture of the Andalusian Regional Government -Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca de la Junta de Andalucía- and La General (one of the savings bank in Spain). It has consisted in four surveys during the years 1991, 1994, 1999 and 2000. The first step in the methodology has been to design the sample and questionaires, after that, field camp was implemented and data processing, creating for that purpose an information system pattern (simulator-programme). Results files, ordered according to user’s likes, can be incorporated to other systems or be analysed with conventional statistics software (SPSS for instance). Main results are shown in charts and tables. After getting results we project the predictable Common Organisation of the Market (CMO) reform on olive tree farming. The recent reform of olive oil will reduce the subventions and the income of the farmer. And we also show the impact of that reduction on farming margins and the consecuences in the income per capita province.

Reading accuracy and naming speed in primary school children

The aim of this study is to determine whether naming speed predicts word reading accuracy at the beginning of primary education. The sample consists of a group of 120 students of Elementary Education, 65 boys and 55 girls, between 6 and 7 years (M= 79.79 months; SD= 3.44). The accuracy in reading words and speed of naming colors, pictures, letters and numbers were evaluated. The results of the regression analysis shows that 13% of the variance in reading accuracy is explained by the speed of naming colors, images, numbers and letters. Naming speed is a good predictor of reading accuracy even at the beginning of compulsory education.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Walls talk: Microbial biogeography of homes spanning urbanization.

Westernization has propelled changes in urbanization and architecture, altering our exposure to the outdoor environment from that experienced during most of human evolution. These changes might affect the developmental exposure of infants to bacteria, immune development, and human microbiome diversity. Contemporary urban humans spend most of their time indoors, and little is known about the microbes associated with different designs of the built environment and their interaction with the human immune system. This study addresses the associations between architectural design and the microbial biogeography of households across a gradient of urbanization in South America. Urbanization was associated with households' increased isolation from outdoor environments, with additional indoor space isolation by walls. Microbes from house walls and floors segregate by location, and urban indoor walls contain human bacterial markers of space use. Urbanized spaces uniquely increase the content of human-associated microbes-which could increase transmission of potential pathogens-and decrease exposure to the environmental microbes with which humans have coevolved