The pattern of growth and poverty reduction in China

China has seen a huge reduction in the incidence of extreme poverty since the economic reforms that started in the late 1970s. Yet, the growth process has been highly uneven across sectors and regions. The paper tests whether the pattern of China´s growth mattered to poverty reduction using a new provincial panel data set constructed for this purpose. The econometric tests support the view that the primary sector (mainly agriculture) has been the main driving force in poverty reduction over the period since 1980. It was the sectoral unevenness in the growth process, rather than its geographic unevenness, that handicapped poverty reduction. Yes, China has had great success in reducing poverty through economic growth, but this happened despite the unevenness in its sectoral pattern of growth. The idea of a trade-off between these sectors in terms of overall progress against poverty in China turns out to be a moot point, given how little evidence there is of any poverty impact of non-primary sector growth, controlling for primary-sector growth. While the non-primary sectors were key drivers of aggregate growth, it was the primary sector that did the heavy lifting against poverty.Rural Poverty Reduction,Achieving Shared Growth,Regional Economic Development,Subnational Economic Development

La reserva de dictar sentencia en audiencia y el principio de celeridad del proceso civil de alimentos - primer juzgado de paz letrado de Huánuco, 2019

El objetivo general de la tesis es demostrar el nivel de incidencia de la aplicación del último párrafo del artículo 555 del Código Procesal Civil y el principio de celeridad en el proceso de alimentos en el Primer Juzgado de Paz Letrado de Huánuco, 2019; para el desarrollo de la investigación se la empleado el tipo aplicado, con un enfoque cuantitativo y nivel descriptivo correlacional, el diseño es el no experimental, la muestra de estudio fue obtenida de modo no probabilístico, que consistió en el 30% de la población, es decir, 18 expedientes sobre proceso de alimentos tramitados en el Primer Juzgado de Paz Letrado de Huánuco, cuyos datos fueron observados y medidos mediante la matriz de análisis. De los resultados obtenidos, se obtuvo el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, mediante el programa estadístico SPSS, logrando comprobar la correlación entre ambas variables, rechazando la hipótesis nula y aceptado la general, la aplicación del último párrafo del artículo 555 del Código Procesal Civil, tiene una incidencia significativamente baja en el principio de celeridad en el proceso de alimentos, en el Primer Juzgado de Paz Letrado de Huánuco, 2019. Consecuentemente se observa una correlación positiva alta con un “r” = 0,920, lo cual nos permite aseverar que, la aplicación del último párrafo del artículo 555 del Código Procesal Civil, que la incidencia es muy baja en el principio de celeridad procesal en el proceso de alimentos, pues tanto en la admisión de la demanda, fijación de la fecha de audiencia única y expedición de sentencia no se ha tenido en consideración los principio de celeridad y economía procesal, porque el juez no ha tenido en cuenta ni consideración la urgencia de garantizar la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva ni resolver el conflicto de intereses en los casos de alimentos, tramitados durante el 2019

Editorial:Metformin: Beyond Diabetes

International audienc

Bienestar laboral de la constructora Fergut S.R.L.

El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el bienestar laboral de los colaboradores. Se tuvo como objetivo principal determinar el nivel del bienestar laboral de los colaboradores de la constructora Fergut SRL. Fue un estudio descriptivo de diseño no experimental. Se empleó como instrumento para la recolección de datos, el cuestionario de Bienestar Laboral General (BLG) de los autores Blanch, Sahagún, Cantera y Cervantes (2010) que se divide en dos dimensiones: Bienestar psicosocial y efectos colaterales. En los resultados se evidenció que el Bienestar Laboral está ubicado en un nivel regular o medio pues existen aspectos por mejorar en la constructora, tales como la confianza y tranquilidad para trabajar, la seguridad laboral. A los supervisores les falta reconocer las capacidades del personal y brindar un soporte adecuado, etc. Se deben realizar estrategias para optimizar el bienestar laboral y puedan contribuir con el éxito de la empresa

Metformin-mediated increase in DICER1 regulates microRNA expression and cellular senescence

Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent, has been used for decades to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies indicate that mice treated with metformin live longer and have fewer manifestations of age-related chronic disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotype are unknown. Here, we show that metformin treatment increases the levels of the microRNA-processing protein DICER1 in mice and in humans with diabetes mellitus. Our results indicate that metformin upregulates DICER1 through a post-transcriptional mechanism involving the RNA-binding protein AUF1. Treatment with metformin altered the subcellular localization of AUF1, disrupting its interaction with DICER1 mRNA and rendering DICER1 mRNA stable, allowing DICER1 to accumulate. Consistent with the role of DICER1 in the biogenesis of microRNAs, we found differential patterns of microRNA expression in mice treated with metformin or caloric restriction, two proven life-extending interventions. Interestingly, several microRNAs previously associated with senescence and aging, including miR-20a, miR-34a, miR-130a, miR-106b, miR-125, and let-7c, were found elevated. In agreement with these findings, treatment with metformin decreased cellular senescence in several senescence models in a DICER1- dependent manner. Metformin lowered p16 and p21 protein levels and the abundance of inflammatory cytokines and oncogenes that are hallmarks of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These data lead us to hypothesize that changes in DICER1 levels may be important for organismal aging and to propose that interventions that upregulate DICER1 expression (e.g., metformin) may offer new pharmacotherapeutic approaches for age-related disease

A Comparison of Morphological, Jump, and Sprint Kinematic Asymmetries in Division I Track and Field Athletes

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(1): 1306-1319, 2023. Inter-limb asymmetries are the difference in performance in one limb with respect to the other. Running events in track and field are considered symmetrical while jumping and throwing events are considered asymmetrical. It is unknown if competing in these different events result in differences in inter-limb asymmetries, thus, this study compared the magnitude of jump, sprint, and morphological asymmetries in track and field athletes who compete in symmetrical and asymmetrical events. Forty-six Division I track and field athletes performed a series of vertical jumps (VJ) and broad jumps (BJ) with force platforms measuring peak force of each limb, and 30-meter fly sprints with kinematics (step length (SL), flight time (FT), and contact time (CT)) recorded during the sprints. Additionally, thirty-eight of these subjects underwent body composition analysis via dual x-ray absorptiometry to determine morphological asymmetries. Asymmetries were calculated using the symmetry index and the asymmetry measures were compared between sprinters, distance runners, throwers, and jumpers utilizing a one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests with post-hoc comparisons as necessary. There were no differences in VJ, BJ, and sprint kinematic asymmetries found between groups but there were differences in leg fat mass asymmetries (H(3)=8.259, p=0.041, eta2= 0.101) as well as arm lean mass (H(3)=9.404, p=0.024, eta2=0.152), fat mass (H(3)=17.822,

Associations Between Jump Performance and Asymmetries with 30-m Sprint Completion Time

Asymmetries of the lower body during jumping have been examined as a method to predict risk for injury and guide training program development. Studies have primarily focused on how these asymmetries affect jump performance, but none have examined this in Division I track athletes nor how these are related to sprint performance. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between jump performance and asymmetries of the vertical and broad jumps with 30-m sprint completion times. METHODS: Twenty-five Division I Track and Field athletes (12 sprinters and 13 non-sprinters) (height = 177.21 ± 10.43 cm; weight = 78.67 ± 24.15 kg) participated in this study. These subjects performed two trials of both the vertical jump (VJ) with their hands on their hips while standing on force platforms. Subjects also performed two trials of the broad jump (BJ) while standing on force platforms and the distance of the BJ was measured using a 100-m tape measure. Following the jump tests, subjects performed two trials of 30-m sprints in which time was recorded using timing gates and the trial with the shortest completion time was used for analysis. Force data from the VJ was used to determine jump height and inter-limb asymmetries and the trial with the greatest jump height was used for analysis. Force data from the BJ was used to determine inter-limb asymmetries from each trial and the trial with the greatest jump distance was used for analysis. Asymmetries were calculated with the symmetry index equation [(high value-low value)/total*100]. Spearman rank correlations were then conducted to determine if the jump performance and asymmetries were associated with sprint completion times. Significance was set at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: Spearman rank correlations determined that both the VJ and BJ were negatively associated with 30-m sprint completion time (rs= -0.644 p=0.001 and rs=-0.563 p=0.003, respectively). Additionally, both the VJ height and BJ distance were positively correlated (rs=0.643 p=0.001). The VJ and BJ asymmetries were not significantly correlated with 30-m sprint performance (p\u3e0.05) nor were they correlated with either the VJ height or BJ distance. CONCLUSION: The findings of study indicate that coaches may want to monitor jump performance as it is related to sprint performance. On the other hand, the asymmetries measured were not associated with jump or sprint performance and this may be due to the sample as they were highly trained individuals with low levels of asymmetries during both jumps

Association Between Single-Leg Agility and Single-Leg Vertical Jumping Performance in Active Adults

The vertical jump is crucial in sports and indicates lower body explosiveness. Additionally, vertical jumping requires landing bilaterally or unilaterally. PURPOSE: To determine any differences in unilateral vertical jump performance when landing unilaterally or bilaterally. METHODS: Thirty recreationally trained individuals (age = 23.5 ± 2.2 years) performed three trials of vertical jumps under four different conditions in random order (unilateral-left vertical jump with bilateral landing, unilateral-right vertical jump with bilateral landing, unilateral-left vertical jump with ipsilateral landing, and unilateral-right vertical jump with ipsilateral landing). Kinetic data (peak force, relative peak force, peak power, and relative peak power) was obtained from all jumps at 1000 Hz sampling rate. The average score between trials for the vertical jump were used for statistical analysis in SPSS 25. Independent T-tests were used to find differences in vertical jump measures depending on landing condition with p-value at 0.05. RESULTS: No significant differences between limbs in jump height (Right = 0.08 cm ± 0.04; Left cm = 0.11 ± 0.05), peak force (Right = 473.3 N ± 135.6; Left = 600.1 N ± 182.6), relative peak force (Right = 6.8 N*kg ± 2.6; Left = 7.8 N*kg ± 1.9), peak power (Right = 1505.4 W ± 524.5; Left = 1934.9 W ± 771.9), and relative peak power (Right = 21.3 W*kg ± 7.2; Left = 25.5 W*kg ± 5.8) during unilateral vertical jumps between the landing conditions (p \u3e 0.05). CONCLUSION: It appears that landing conditions do not affect unilateral jump performance in recreationally trained athletes

The Relationship between Squat Jump Performance and Sprint Profile in Collegiate Track and Field Athletes

The squat jump (SJ) necessitates the inter-play of various biomechanical components for better jump performance. Good sprint performance requires the inter-play of many of the same biomechanical components. Researchers have previously examined how the speed, force, velocity, and power interact during sprinting, but have yet to examine how these measures are associated with SJ performance measures. PURPOSE: Examine the relationship between squat jump performance measures and the sprint profile measurements of collegiate track and field athletes. METHODS: Twenty-five athletes (18 males and 7 females) completed two squat jump trials with a linear encoder attached to a 45 lbs. bar placed on the athlete’s upper back. Measures of interest during the concentric phase of the SJ included jump height, maximum force, maximum velocity, maximum power, and rate of force development. Athletes then completed two 30-meter acceleration sprints. The MySprint mobile application was used to acquire the athlete’s sprint profile and to assess maximal theoretical horizontal force, maximal theoretical velocity, optimal velocity, maximal theoretical power, maximal speed, maximal ratio of force, force-velocity slope, and decrease in ratio of force. The best trial was used for statistical analysis. Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation coefficients were conducted between SJ measures and sprint profile measures. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between SJ height and maximal speed (r = 0.402; p = 0.042). Maximal power during the SJ was positively correlated with maximal speed (r = 0.476; p = 0.014); optimal velocity (r = 0.469; p = 0.018); maximal theoretical power (r = 0.462; p = 0.018); maximal theoretical velocity (r = 0.452; p = 0.021); theoretical horizontal force (r = 0.431; p = 0.028); and maximal ratio force (r = 0.428; p = 0.029). Maximal velocity during the SJ was correlated with maximal speed (r = 0.519; p = 0.007); maximal theoretical velocity (r = 0.499; p = 0.010); optimal velocity (r = 0.486; p = 0.014); and maximal theoretical power (r = 0.484; p = 0.012). No other correlations were significant. CONCLUSION: Maximal velocity and power during the concentric phase of the SJ are moderately to strongly correlated with maximal sprinting speed, velocity, and power. SJ height is positively correlated with maximum sprint speed. There is a lack of significant correlations between other measures of the SJ and sprint profile measures. SJ power and velocity are correlated with sprint performance, therefore power and velocity improved through plyometric SJ training may be transferable to achieve better sprint performance