Data collected at the baseline assessment.

<p>* assessed in 170,000 participants;</p><p>^† assessed in 50,000 participants;</p><p>^‡measured in one heel for 170,000 participants and in both heels for 320,000 participants;</p><p>^¶ measured in 170,000 participants;</p><p>^§ measured in 100,000 participants</p><p>Data collected at the baseline assessment.</p

Approximate numbers of incident cases of some exemplar conditions expected to accrue during the first 20 years of follow-up in UK Biobank.

<p>Based on UK age- and sex-specific rates with adjustment for healthy cohort effects and losses to follow-up [<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001779#pmed.1001779.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>].</p><p>MI: myocardial infarction; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic bronchitis/emphysema</p><p>Approximate numbers of incident cases of some exemplar conditions expected to accrue during the first 20 years of follow-up in UK Biobank.</p

Current and planned future data available in the UK Biobank resource.

<p>Hb: haemoglobin; SNPs: single nucleotide polymorphisms; CNV: copy number variations; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; ICD: International Classification of Diseases; OPCS: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Classification of Interventions and Procedures</p><p>^‡ Future dates are estimated. Data available may be all or part of the relevant dataset.</p><p>* available from an earlier date from health record systems in Scotland</p><p>Current and planned future data available in the UK Biobank resource.</p

Adiposity and risk of decline in glomerular filtration rate: meta-analysis of individual participant data in a global consortium

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the associations between adiposity measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio) with decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and with all cause mortality. DESIGN:Individual participant data meta-analysis. SETTING:Cohorts from 40 countries with data collected between 1970 and 2017. PARTICIPANTS:Adults in 39 general population cohorts (n=5 459 014), of which 21 (n=594 496) had data on waist circumference; six cohorts with high cardiovascular risk (n=84 417); and 18 cohorts with chronic kidney disease (n=91 607). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:GFR decline (estimated GFR decline ≥40%, initiation of kidney replacement therapy or estimated GFR <10 mL/min/1.73 m2) and all cause mortality. RESULTS:Over a mean follow-up of eight years, 246 607 (5.6%) individuals in the general population cohorts had GFR decline (18 118 (0.4%) end stage kidney disease events) and 782 329 (14.7%) died. Adjusting for age, sex, race, and current smoking, the hazard ratios for GFR decline comparing body mass indices 30, 35, and 40 with body mass index 25 were 1.18 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.27), 1.69 (1.51 to 1.89), and 2.02 (1.80 to 2.27), respectively. Results were similar in all subgroups of estimated GFR. Associations weakened after adjustment for additional comorbidities, with respective hazard ratios of 1.03 (0.95 to 1.11), 1.28 (1.14 to 1.44), and 1.46 (1.28 to 1.67). The association between body mass index and death was J shaped, with the lowest risk at body mass index of 25. In the cohorts with high cardiovascular risk and chronic kidney disease (mean follow-up of six and four years, respectively), risk associations between higher body mass index and GFR decline were weaker than in the general population, and the association between body mass index and death was also J shaped, with the lowest risk between body mass index 25 and 30. In all cohort types, associations between higher waist circumference and higher waist-to-height ratio with GFR decline were similar to that of body mass index; however, increased risk of death was not associated with lower waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio, as was seen with body mass index. CONCLUSIONS:Elevated body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio are independent risk factors for GFR decline and death in individuals who have normal or reduced levels of estimated GFR