9,721 research outputs found
Political Yardstick Competition, Economic Integration, and Constitutional Choice in a Federation
This paper investigates the behavior of rent-seeking politicians in an environment of increasing economic integration. The focus of the paper is on the implications of globalization-induced political yardstick competition for constitutional design with a view to the current discussion in the European Union. In contrast to the established literature, we carefully portray the double-tiered government structure in federal systems. The number of lower-tier governments and the allocation of policy responsibilities to the two levels of government are subject to constitutional choice.Economic Integration, Federalism, Political Economy, Yardstick Competition
EyeSpot: leveraging gaze to protect private text content on mobile devices from shoulder surfing
As mobile devices allow access to an increasing amount of private data, using them in public can potentially leak sensitive information through shoulder surfing. This includes personal private data (e.g., in chat conversations) and business-related content (e.g., in emails). Leaking the former might infringe on users’ privacy, while leaking the latter is considered a breach of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation as of May 2018. This creates a need for systems that protect sensitive data in public. We introduce EyeSpot, a technique that displays content through a spot that follows the user’s gaze while hiding the rest of the screen from an observer’s view through overlaid masks. We explore different configurations for EyeSpot in a user study in terms of users’ reading speed, text comprehension, and perceived workload. While our system is a proof of concept, we identify crystallized masks as a promising design candidate for further evaluation with regard to the security of the system in a shoulder surfing scenario
The exponent in the orthogonality catastrophe for Fermi gases
We quantify the asymptotic vanishing of the ground-state overlap of two
non-interacting Fermi gases in -dimensional Euclidean space in the
thermodynamic limit. Given two one-particle Schr\"odinger operators in
finite-volume which differ by a compactly supported bounded potential, we prove
a power-law upper bound on the ground-state overlap of the corresponding
non-interacting -particle systems. We interpret the decay exponent
in terms of scattering theory and find , where is the transition matrix at
the Fermi energy . This exponent reduces to the one predicted by Anderson
[Phys. Rev. 164, 352-359 (1967)] for the exact asymptotics in the special case
of a repulsive point-like perturbation.Comment: Version as to appear in J. Spectr. Theory, References update
Bounds on new Majoron models from the Heidelberg-Moscow-Experiment
In recent years several new Majoron models were invented to avoid
shortcomings of the classical models while leading to observable decay rates in
double beta experiments. We give the first experimental half life bounds on
double beta decays with new Majoron emission and derive bounds on the effective
neutrino--Majoron couplings from the data of the HEIDELBERG--MOSCOW
experiment. While stringent half life limits for all decay modes and the
coupling constants of the classical models were obtained, small matrix elements
and phase space integrals \cite{hir95,pae95} result in much weaker limits on
the effective coupling constants of the new Majoron models.Comment: 8 pages, postscript encoded as uu-fil
A Scalable VLSI Architecture for Soft-Input Soft-Output Depth-First Sphere Decoding
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless transmission imposes huge
challenges on the design of efficient hardware architectures for iterative
receivers. A major challenge is soft-input soft-output (SISO) MIMO demapping,
often approached by sphere decoding (SD). In this paper, we introduce the - to
our best knowledge - first VLSI architecture for SISO SD applying a single
tree-search approach. Compared with a soft-output-only base architecture
similar to the one proposed by Studer et al. in IEEE J-SAC 2008, the
architectural modifications for soft input still allow a one-node-per-cycle
execution. For a 4x4 16-QAM system, the area increases by 57% and the operating
frequency degrades by 34% only.Comment: Accepted for IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II Express
Briefs, May 2010. This draft from April 2010 will not be updated any more.
Please refer to IEEE Xplore for the final version. *) The final publication
will appear with the modified title "A Scalable VLSI Architecture for
Soft-Input Soft-Output Single Tree-Search Sphere Decoding
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