Mapping the Minor

A review of Francoise Lionnet and Shu-Mei Shih's (Eds) Minor Transnationalism (Duke University Press, Durham, 2005)

What's the best way to motivate patients to exercise?

There is no single best strategy to motivate patients to exercise, given the lack of data from rigorous comparison studies. There are, however, several interventions for adults that are effective. They include: writing a patient-specific behavioral health ���green�۝ prescription, encouraging patients to join forces with accountability partners or support groups, recommending the use of pedometers (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, meta-analyses). In children and adolescents, multi-component strategies that include school-based interventions combined with either family or community involvement increase physical activity (SOR: A, systematic review)

Out-of-Distribution Detection by Leveraging Between-Layer Transformation Smoothness

Effective out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for reliable machine learning models, yet most current methods are limited in practical use due to requirements like access to training data or intervention in training. We present a novel method for detecting OOD data in Transformers based on transformation smoothness between intermediate layers of a network (BLOOD), which is applicable to pre-trained models without access to training data. BLOOD utilizes the tendency of between-layer representation transformations of in-distribution (ID) data to be smoother than the corresponding transformations of OOD data, a property that we also demonstrate empirically. We evaluate BLOOD on several text classification tasks with Transformer networks and demonstrate that it outperforms methods with comparable resource requirements. Our analysis also suggests that when learning simpler tasks, OOD data transformations maintain their original sharpness, whereas sharpness increases with more complex tasks.Comment: International Conference on Learning Representations: ICLR 202

Introduction: transnational lesbian cultures

This Introduction sets out the aims and scope of this special journal issue. The issue examines the transnational shape and shaping of lesbian lives and cultures in and across China, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It uses the expression “transnational lesbian cultures” to suggest that despite sometimes radically different sociopolitical and cultural contexts, the lived experiences of same-sex desire and their emotional attachments create particular affinities between women who love women, affinities that reach across the distinct cultural and social contexts that shape them. The articles brought together explore lesbian subcultures, film, graphic novels, music, and online intimacies. They show that as a cultural and political signifier and as an analytical tool, lesbian troubles and complicates contemporary sexual politics, not least by revealing some of the gendered structures that shape debates about sexuality in a range of critical, cultural and political contexts. While the individual pieces cover a wide range of issues and concerns—which are often highly specific to the historical, cultural, and political contexts they discuss—together they tell a story about contemporary transnational lesbian culture: one that is marked by intricate links between norms and their effects and shaped by the efforts to resist denial, discrimination, and sometimes even active persecution

Scottish Social Attitudes - Survey 2004

This report sets out the results of questions on family matters in the Scottish Social Attitudes Survey 2004. This part of the survey canvassed public views and knowledge on a range of family-related issues including marriage, cohabitation and parentin

Diseño y propuesta del sistema automatizado Clean In Place (CIP) en el área de producción de una empresa láctea de Cajamarca, para mejorar la eficiencia de los ciclos de lavado

RESUMEN En la empresa láctea de Cajamarca utilizada en la presente investigación se identificó diferentes problemas como el ineficiente proceso de limpieza que principalmente era por el sistema obsoleto que tenía la empresa, además se realizaban procesos manuales y adicionales para los controles de temperatura y dosificación de los líquidos necesarios para la limpieza. Los operarios del sistema de saneamiento se sobrecargaban al tener estas operaciones de más y en muchas ocasiones no realizaban controles adecuados y arriesgaban la calidad del producto final . Con el diseño y la propuesta de un sistema automatizado de limpieza Clean in Place (CIP) se logra obtener ciclos de lavado con tiempos precisos y con controles de temperatura y concentración adecuados para las soluciones, a través de la Automatización Industrial. Para el análisis de la empresa se utilizaron herramientas aprendidas durante la carrera de ingeniería industrial como diagramas de flujos, diagramas de operaciones, diagrama de recorrido, balance de materiales, Ishikawa, etc. La Automatización industrial, se determinó como principal método para lograr obtener eficientes ciclos de lavado, por lo que se ha requiero diseñar un sistema de limpieza automatizado Clean In Place (CIP), donde logrará eliminar los procesos manuales. En conclusión los resultados obtenidos, luego de proponer un sistema automatizado para los ciclos de lavados, son: • Ciclos de lavado con tiempos exactos. • Controles adecuados de Temperatura y concentración de soda y ácido. • Ahorros de insumos. • Ahorro de tiempos. • Operaciones sin riesgo. Por último se recomienda a las empresas lácteas dar mantenimiento a sus sistemas de lavado de sus áreas de producción y actualizarlo cada cierto tiempo, esto evitará pérdidas de concentraciones y generará eficientes ciclos de lavado cumpliendo con los estándares de limpieza requeridos.ABSTRACT In the dairy business of Cajamarca used in this research different problems such as inefficient cleaning process that mainly was because of the outdated system that the company had identified, plus manuals and additional processes are performed for the temperature controls and dosing of liquids necessary for cleaning. The operators of the sanitation system are overloaded by having these operations more and often did not perform adequate controls and risking the quality of the final product. With the design and proposal of an automated cleaning system Clean in Place (CIP) is possible to obtain washing cycles with precise timing and temperature controls and appropriate concentration for solutions, through the Industrial Automation. For company analysis tools learned were used during the career of industrial engineering as flow charts, flowcharts, flow chart, material balance, Ishikawa, etc. Industrial Automation, was determined as the main method in order to obtain efficient washing cycles, so I require design has a cleaning system automated Clean In Place (CIP), which achieved eliminating manual processes. In conclusion the results obtained, after proposing an automated system for the wash cycles, are: • Wash cycles with exact times. • Controls suitable temperature and concentration of soda and acid. • Savings of inputs. • Time savings. • Operations without risk. Finally at dairies is recommended to maintain your washing systems production areas and update it every so often, this will prevent loss of concentration and generate efficient washing cycles meeting the standards required cleaning

A framework of NGO inside and outside strategies in the commercial determinants of health:findings from a narrative review

Published online: 10 October 2023. OnlinePublBACKGROUND: Public health scholarship has uncovered a wide range of strategies used by industry actors to promote their products and influence government regulation. Less is known about the strategies used by non-government organisations to attempt to influence commercial practices. This narrative review applies a political science typology to identify a suite of 'inside' and 'outside' strategies used by NGOs to attempt to influence the commercial determinants of health. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search in Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they comprised an empirical study, explicitly sought to examine 'NGOs', were in English, and identified at least one NGO strategy aimed at commercial and/or government policy and practice. RESULTS: One hundred forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight industry sectors were identified: extractive, tobacco, food, alcohol, pharmaceuticals, weapons, textiles and asbestos, and a small number of general studies. We identified 18 types of NGO strategies, categorised according to the target (i.e. commercial actor or government actor) and type of interaction with the target (i.e. inside or outside). Of these, five NGO 'inside' strategies targeted commercial actors directly: 1) participation in partnerships and multistakeholder initiatives; 2) private meetings and roundtables; 3) engaging with company AGMs and shareholders; 4) collaborations other than partnerships; and 5) litigation. 'Outside' strategies targeting commercial actors through the mobilisation of public opinion included 1) monitoring and reporting; 2) protests at industry sites; 3) boycotts; 4) directly engaging the public; and 5) creative use of alternative spaces. Four NGO 'inside' strategies directly targeting government actors included: 1) lobbying; 2) drafting legislation, policies and standards; 3) providing technical support and training; and 4) litigation. NGO 'outside' strategies targeting government included 1) protests and public campaigns; 2) monitoring and reporting; 3) forum shifting; and 4) proposing and initiating alternative solutions. We identified three types of NGO impact: substantive, procedural, and normative. CONCLUSION: The analysis presents a matrix of NGO strategies used to target commercial and government actors across a range of industry sectors. This framework can be used to guide examination of which NGO strategies are effective and appropriate, and which conditions enable NGO influence.Belinda Townsend, Timothy D. Johnson, Rob Ralston, Katherine Cullerton, Jane Martin, Jeff Collin, Fran Baum, Liz Arnanz, Rodney Holmes and Sharon Frie