4,817 research outputs found
Persistent currents in normal metal rings
The authors have measured the magnetic response of 33 individual cold
mesoscopic gold rings, one ring at a time. The response of some sufficiently
small rings has a component that is periodic in the flux through the ring and
is attributed to a persistent current. Its period is close to h/e, and its sign
and amplitude vary between rings. The amplitude distribution agrees well with
predictions for the typical h/e current in diffusive rings. The temperature
dependence of the amplitude, measured for four rings, is also consistent with
theory. These results disagree with previous measurements of three individual
metal rings that showed a much larger periodic response than expected. The use
of a scanning SQUID microscope enabled in situ measurements of the sensor
background. A paramagnetic linear susceptibility and a poorly understood
anomaly around zero field are attributed to defect spins.Comment: Journal version. 4+ pages, 3 figures. See
http://stanford.edu/group/moler/publications.html for the auxiliary document
containing additional data and discussion (Ref. 29). Changes w.r.t. v1:
Clarified some details in introduction and regarding experimental procedures,
shortened abstract, added references and fixed some typo
Propositionalism without propositions, objectualism without objects
Propositionalism is the view that all intentional states are propositional states, which are states with a propositional content, while objectualism is the view that at least some intentional states are objectual states, which are states with objectual contents, such as objects, properties, and kinds. This paper argues that there are two distinct ways of understanding propositionalism and objectualism: (1) as views about the deep nature of the contents of intentional states, and (2) as views about the superficial character of the contents of intentional states. I argue that we should understand the views in the second way. I also argue that the propositionalism debate is fairly independent from debates over the deep nature of intentionality, and that this has implications for arguments for propositionalism and objectualism from claims about the nature of intentional content. I close with a short discussion of how related points apply to the debate over singular content
A Terraced Scanning Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Susceptometer with Sub-Micron Pickup Loops
Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) can have excellent spin
sensitivity depending on their magnetic flux noise, pick-up loop diameter, and
distance from the sample. We report a family of scanning SQUID susceptometers
with terraced tips that position the pick-up loops 300 nm from the sample. The
600 nm - 2 um pickup loops, defined by focused ion beam, are integrated into a
12-layer optical lithography process allowing flux-locked feedback, in situ
background subtraction and optimized flux noise. These features enable a
sensitivity of ~70 electron spins per root Hertz at 4K.Comment: See http://stanford.edu/group/moler/publications.html for an
auxiliary document containing additional fabrication details and discussio
Palliative Care Consultations in Nursing Homes and Reductions in Acute Care Use and Potentially Burdensome End-of-Life Transitions
To evaluate how receipt and timing of nursing home (NH) palliative care consults (primarily by nurse practitioners with palliative care expertise) is associated with end-of-life care transitions and acute care us
Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on Ontario swine farms
This study was conducted to investigate the diversity in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), plasmid profiling, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of 81 S. Typhimurium and S. Typhimurium var Copenhagen DT 104 strains recovered from pig and environmental fecal samples on swine farms in Ontario. No resistance was observed to amoxiclllin and clavulanic acid, apramycin, carbadox, cephalothin, ceftnaxone, ceftiofur, cefoxitin, cipronoxacin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim, and tobramycin. However, the isolates exhibited resistance against 4 to 10 antimicrobials with most frequent resistance to sulfonamides (Su), ampicillin (A), streptomycin (S), spectinomycm (Sp), chloramphenicol (C), tetracycline (T), and norfemcol (F)
Palliative Care Consultations in Nursing Homes and End-of-Life Hospitalizations
While specialty palliative care in hospital and outpatient settings is associated with lower acute care use, its impact in U.S. nursing homes (NHs) is unknown
Using Microscale Thermophoresis to Characterize Hits from High-Throughput Screening:A European Lead Factory Perspective
Climatic Controls on a Holocene Mercury Stable Isotope Sediment Record of Lake Titicaca
Mercury (Hg) records in sediment archives inform past patterns of Hg deposition and the anthropogenic contribution to global Hg cycling. Natural climate variations complicate the interpretation of past Hg accumulation rates (HgARs), warranting additional research. Here, we investigated Hg stable isotopes in a ca. 8k year-long sediment core of Lake Titicaca and combined isotopic data with organic biomarkers and biogeochemical measurements. A wet period in the early Holocene (8000-7300 BP) induced strong watershed erosion, leading to a high HgAR (20.2 ± 6.9 μg m -2 year -1 ), which exceeded the 20th century HgAR (8.4 ± 1.0 μg m -2 year -1 ). Geogenic Hg input dominated during the early Holocene ( f geog = 79%) and played a minor role during the mid- to late Holocene (4500 BP to present; f geog = 20%) when atmospheric Hg deposition dominated. Sediment Δ 200 Hg values and the absence of terrestrial lignin biomarkers suggest that direct lake uptake of atmospheric Hg(0), and subsequent algal scavenging of lake Hg, represented an important atmospheric deposition pathway (42%) during the mid- to late Holocene. During wet episodes of the late Holocene (2400 BP to present), atmospheric Hg(II) deposition was the dominant source of lake sediment Hg (up to 82%). Sediment Δ 199 Hg values suggest that photochemical reduction and re-emission of Hg(0) occurred from the lake surface. Hg stable isotopes show promise as proxies for understanding the history of Hg sources and transformations and help to disentangle anthropogenic and climate factors influencing HgAR observed in sediment archives
Gluten-Free Diet Only during Pregnancy Efficiently Prevents Diabetes in NOD Mouse Offspring
Studies have documented that the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes is influenced by the intake of gluten. Aims. To investigate the importance of gluten exposure during pregnancy and the subsequent development of autoimmune diabetes in offspring. Methods. Nonobese diabetic mice were divided into 7 groups to receive combinations of gluten-free and standard diet before, during, or after pregnancy. Diabetes incidence in offspring was followed in each group (n=16–27) for 310 days. Insulitis score and intestinal expression of T-cell transcription factors (RT-QPCR) were evaluated in animals from the different diet groups. Results. If mothers were fed a gluten-free diet only during pregnancy, the development of autoimmune diabetes in offspring was almost completely prevented with an incidence reduction from 62.5% in gluten-consuming mice to 8.3% (p<0.0001) in the gluten-free group. The islets of Langerhans were less infiltrated (p<0.001) and the intestinal expression of RORγt (Th17) (p<0.0001) reduced in mice whose mothers were Gluten-free during pregnancy. Conclusion. A gluten-free diet exclusively during pregnancy efficiently prevents autoimmune diabetes development in offspring and reduces insulitis and intestinal expression of RORγt (Th17)
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