1,123 research outputs found
Quantum fluctuations of a vortex in an optical lattice
Using a variational ansatz for the wave function of the Bose-Einstein
condensate, we develop a quantum theory of vortices and quadrupole modes in a
one-dimensional optical lattice. We study the coupling between the quadrupole
modes and Kelvin modes, which turns out to be formally analogous to the theory
of parametric processes in quantum optics. This leads to the possibility of
squeezing vortices. We solve the quantum multimode problem for the Kelvin modes
and quadrupole modes numerically and find properties that cannot be explained
with a simple linear-response theory.Comment: final version, minor change
Superfluid phases of fermions with hybridized and orbitals
We explore the superfluid phases of a two-component Fermi mixture with
hybridized orbitals in optical lattices. We show that there exists a general
mapping of this system to the Lieb lattice. By using simple multiband models
with hopping between and -orbital states, we show that superfluid order
parameters can have a -phase difference between lattice sites, which is
distinct from the case with hopping between -orbitals. If the population
imbalance between the two spin species is tuned, the superfluid phase may
evolve through various phases due to the interplay between hopping,
interactions and imbalance. We show that the rich behavior is observable in
experimentally realizable systems.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures. Published versio
Quantum theory of a vortex line in an optical lattice
We investigate the quantum theory of a vortex line in a stack of
weakly-coupled two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates, that is created by a
one-dimensional optical lattice. We derive the dispersion relation of the
Kelvin modes of the vortex line and also study the coupling between the Kelvin
modes and the quadrupole modes. We solve the coupled dynamics of the vortex
line and the quadrupole modes, both classically as well as quantum
mechanically. The quantum mechanical solution reveals the possibility of
generating nonequilibrium squeezed vortex states by strongly driving the
quadrupole modes.Comment: Minor changes in response to a referee repor
Stability of small amplitude normal modes of a Bose-Einstein condensate with a singly quantized vortex confined in an optical lattice
We study the dynamics of a BEC with a singly quantized vortex, placed in the
combined potential of a 1-D (2-D) optical lattice and an axi-symmetric harmonic
trap. A time-dependent variational Lagrangian analysis shows that an optical
lattice helps to stabilize the vortex which in absence of the optical lattice
is unstable. We find that the normal modes are stable only if the depth of the
optical potential is more than a certain critical value. This critical value of
the optical potential depends on the interaction parameter.In general higher
the interaction parameter,lower the value of the optical potential required to
stabilize the vortex. The BEC with the singly quantized vortex is found to be
relatively more unstable in a 2-D optical lattice compared to a 1-D optical
lattice.Comment: Revised version with 11 pages including 1 figur
Targeting sexual health services in primary care: a systematic review of the psychosocial correlates of adverse sexual health outcomes reported in probability surveys of women of reproductive age
BACKGROUND: Women using primary care vary in need for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) testing and contraception. Psychosocial correlates of these needs may be useful for targeting services. We undertook a systematic review to identify psychosocial correlates of STI acquisition, unplanned pregnancy (UP), abortion and risky sexual behaviours in general population samples of women of reproductive age. METHODS: We searched bibliographic databases for probability surveys of women aged 16-44years in the European Union, USA, Canada, Australia, UK or New Zealand undertaken January 1994-January 2014. RESULTS: Eleven papers were included. Unplanned pregnancy was associated with smoking, depression, being single and sexual debut <16years. Abortion was associated with lack of closeness to parents, leaving home at an early age, and relationship break-up. Multiple partnerships were associated with intensity of marijuana and alcohol use, and smoking. STI diagnosis was associated with relationship break-up and younger partners. Non-use of contraception was associated with smoking, obesity, relationship status, sedentary lifestyles, fatalistic pregnancy attitudes and lower alcohol use. Condom non-use was higher (at first sex) with partners 5+years older and lower (at last sex) in less stable partnerships. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial variables, particularly relationship status and smoking, may help identify women in primary care for STI testing and contraception advice and supply
Impact of reindeer grazing on ground-dwelling Carabidae and Curculionidae assemblages in Lapland
Reindeer Rangifer tarandus L. grazing shapes forest vegetation, microclimate, and soil respiration in Lapland, especially due to grazing on lichens (Cladina). We studied how these changes and their magnitude affect ground-dwelling species of beetle families Carabidae (predators) and Curculionidae (herbivores), by using pitfall traps to collect invertebrates from pairs of grazed and ungrazed study plots over a wide range of site types. Changes in abundance, composition, richness and diversity of beetle assemblage were tested in relation to magnitude of the impacts on vegetation. The species compositions of Carabidae and Curculionidae differed between grazed and ungrazed plots in all sites. The relative difference between grazed and ungrazed plots in the number of individuals increased linearly with the impact of reindeer on vegetation cover. Carabid beetles, as a family, were more common in grazed plots in all sites. Curculionid beetles were more common in ungrazed plots in the birch dominated sites. This difference was mainly due to the species that feeds on deciduous leaves. In the pine dominated sites with high Cladina cover and more changes in ground vegetation, the number of curculionids feeding on conifers was higher in grazed plots. Species richness and diversity (H') of both families were higher in grazed plots. Of the total 27 species, 11 were found only in grazed plots, while not a single species was found only in ungrazed plots. The relative difference between plots in diversity and evennes (H'/H' max) had humped response to the difference in Cladina cover. The diversity values were greater in grazed plots at the intermediate levels of grazing impact, and only in sites with very low or extremely high Cladina cover difference was the diversity higher in ungrazed plots. The response of beetle diversity resembled the hypotheses suggested for the relationship between grazing and vegetation diversity: greatest positive effect at intermediate grazing intensity and negative effects at unproductive sites
Velocity of sound in a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of an optical lattice and transverse confinement
We study the effect of the transverse degrees of freedom on the velocity of
sound in a Bose-Einstein condensate immersed in a one-dimensional optical
lattice and radially confined by a harmonic trap. We compare the results of
full three-dimensional calculations with those of an effective 1D model based
on the equation of state of the condensate. The perfect agreement between the
two approaches is demonstrated for several optical lattice depths and
throughout the full crossover from the 1D mean-field to the Thomas Fermi regime
in the radial direction.Comment: final versio
Impact of reindeer grazing on ground-dwelling Carabidae and Curculionidae assemblages in Lapland
Reindeer Rangifer tarandus L. grazing shapes forest vegetation, microclimate, and
soil respiration in Lapland, especially due to grazing on lichens (Cladina). We studied
how these changes and their magnitude affect ground-dwelling species of beetle
families Carabidae (predators) and Curculionidae (herbivores), by using pitfall traps
to collect invertebrates from pairs of grazed and ungrazed study plots over a wide
range of site types. Changes in abundance, composition, richness and diversity of
beetle assemblage were tested in relation to magnitude of the impacts on vegetation.
The species compositions of Carabidae and Curculionidae differed between grazed
and ungrazed plots in all sites. The relative difference between grazed and ungrazed
plots in the number of individuals increased linearly with the impact of reindeer on
vegetation cover. Carabid beetles, as a family, were more common in grazed plots in
all sites. Curculionid beetles were more common in ungrazed plots in the birch
dominated sites. This difference was mainly due to the species that feeds on
deciduous leaves. In the pine dominated sites with high Cladina cover and more
changes in ground vegetation, the number of curculionids feeding on conifers was
higher in grazed plots. Species richness and diversity (H’) of both families were higher
in grazed plots. Of the total 27 species, 11 were found only in grazed plots, while not
a single species was found only in ungrazed plots. The relative difference between
plots in diversity and evennes (H’/H’max) had humped response to the difference in
Cladina cover. The diversity values were greater in grazed plots at the intermediate
levels of grazing impact, and only in sites with very low or extremely high Cladina
cover difference was the diversity higher in ungrazed plots. The response of beetle
diversity resembled the hypotheses suggested for the relationship between grazing and
vegetation diversity: greatest positive effect at intermediate grazing intensity and
negative effects at unproductive sites
Probing dipolar effects with condensate shape oscillation
We discuss the low energy shape oscillations of a magnetic trapped atomic
condensate including the spin dipole interaction. When the nominal isotropic
s-wave interaction strength becomes tunable through a Feshbach resonance (e.g.
as for Rb atoms), anisotropic dipolar effects are shown to be detectable
under current experimental conditions [E. A. Donley {\it et al.}, Nature {\bf
412}, 295 (2001)].Comment: revised version, submitte
Creation of a monopole in a spinor condensate
We propose a method to create a monopole structure in a spin-1 spinor
condensate by applying the basic methods used to create vortices and solitons
experimentally in single-component condensates. We show, however, that by using
a two-component structure for a monopole, we can simplify our proposed
experimental approach and apply it also to ferromagnetic spinor condensates. We
also discuss the observation and dynamics of such a monopole structure, and
note that the dynamics of the two-component monopole differs from the dynamics
of the three-component monopole.Comment: The focus of the paper is shifted towards creation and observation of
monopole
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