16 research outputs found
HIV/AIDS-related attitudes and oral impacts on daily performances: a cross-sectional study of Sudanese adult dental patients
Solar magnetic elements at 0â
Small magnetic structures can be seen in G-band filtergrams as
isolated bright points, strings of bright points and dark micro-pores.
At a resolution of 0\farcs1, new forms of magnetic structures are
found in strong field areas: elongated âribbonsâ and more circular
âflowersâ. In this paper we study the temporal evolution of these
small scale magnetic structures.
In strong-field regions the time-evolution is more that of a magnetic fluid
than that of collections of flux-tubes that keep their identity. We find
that the granular flow concentrates the magnetic field into flux sheets
that are visible as thin bright features in the filtergrams.
Weak upflows are found in the flux sheets and downflows in the
immediate surroundings.
The flux sheets often become unstable to a fluting instability and the
edges buckle.
The sheets tend to break up into strings of bright points, still with
weak upflows in the magnetic elements and zero velocity or downflows
between them.
Where there are larger flux concentrations we find ribbons, flowers
and micro-pores. There is a continuous transition between these forms
and they evolve from one form to another. The appearance is mostly determined
by the horizontal size â larger structures are dark (micro-pores),
narrower structures are ribbon shaped and the flowers are the smallest
in extent. All these structures have darker inner parts and a bright
edge.
The plasma is found to be at rest in the ribbons, with small
concentrations of weak upflow sites. Narrow sheets with downdrafts are
found right at the edges of the magnetic field concentrations
Solar magnetic elements at 0
New observations of solar magnetic elements in a remnant
active region plage near disk center are presented. The
observations were obtained at the recently commissioned Swedish
1-m Solar Telescope on La Palma. We examine a single 430.5Â nm
G-band filtergram that resolves ~70Â km (0\farcs1) structures
and find new forms of magnetic structures in this particular
region. A cotemporal \ion{Ca}{ii}Â H-line image is used to examine
the low-chromosphere of network elements. A cotemporal \ion{Fe}{i}Â 630.25Â nm magnetogram that resolves structures as small as 120Â km
(0\farcs18) FWHM with a flux sensitivity of approximately
130 Mx cm-2âquantifies the magnetic structure of the region. A
\ion{Ni}{i}Â 676.8Â nm Dopplergram establishes relative velocity
patterns associated with the network features with an accuracy of
about 300 m s-1. We find that magnetic flux in this region as seen
in both the magnetogram and the G-band image is typically
structured into larger, amorphous, âribbonsâ which are not
resolved into individual flux tubes. The measured magnetic flux
density in the ribbon structures ranges from 300 to 1500 Mx cm-2,
the higher values occurring at localized concentrations embedded
within the ribbons. The Dopplergram indicates relative downflows
associated with all magnetic elements with some indication that
higher downflows occur adjacent to the peak magnetic flux
location. The mean absolute magnetic flux density of the remnant
plage network is about 130 Mx cm-2; in the lowest flux regions of
the field-of-view, the mean absolute flux density is approximately
60 Mx cm-2. Within these quiet regions we do not find evidence of
pervasive kilo-gauss strength magnetic elements as seen in recent
high resolution internetwork studies. In general, the observations
confirm recent 3-dimensional numerical simulations which show that
the magnetic field in high-density regions such as plage is
concentrated in complex structures that are not generally composed
of discrete magnetic flux tubes
Emergence of the Varanger Peninsula, Artic Norway and climate changes since deglaciation.
Impaired salivary gland activity in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS-I) is a severe disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. We hypothesized that salivary gland dysfunction could be a possible unexplored component of these patients and here aimed to investigate salivary and lachrymal symptoms in the Norwegian cohort of APS-I patients (Nâ=â41) and the aetiology behind it. Sicca symptoms and possible corresponding underlying factors were assessed by subjective reports combined with objective measures of saliva and tear flow, serological testing, immune fluorescence microscopy, ultrasonography and searching for putative autoantibodies in the salivary glands. In addition, defensin and anti-defensin levels were analysed in patients and compared with healthy controls. Our results indicate mild salivary and/or lachrymal gland dysfunction manifesting in low saliva or tear flow in a total of 62% of APS-I patients. Serum IgG from 9 of 12 patients bound to targets in salivary gland biopsy slides, although the specificity and pattern of binding varied. There was no reactivity against known Sjögren-associated autoantigens in sera from APS-I patients using quantitative methods, but 11% were ANA positive by immunofluorescence microscopy. We identified several putative autoantigens in one patient, although none of these were verified as APS-I specific. We conclude that impaired salivary gland activity is part of the clinical picture of APS-I and our findings could indicate an autoimmune aetiology. We further show that APS-I patients have an altered antimicrobial signature in both sera and saliva, which requires further investigations