Supplementary material S1 from Global indicators of the environmental impacts of invasive alien species and their information adequacy

Supplementary methods and result

Supplementary material S2 from Global indicators of the environmental impacts of invasive alien species and their information adequacy

Supplementary table

Simulated phylogenies and lineage through time plot Yguel et al 2016 AmNat

The Rdata files are simulated phylogenies and lineage through time plot of these simulated phylogenies, used in Yguel et al. 2016 AmNat. The code to extract the LTT plot from the phylogenies is given in the Appendices of the article as well as the method used to make these simulations.The name of the Rdata file indicates which simulation the file is refering to. The Excel files contain measures of phylogenetic structure of these simulated phylogenies (Measure phylogenetic structure parameters on simulated phylogenies.xlsx) and phylogenies of the experimental communities used in the article (Measure phylogenetic structure parameters on Cadotte Zanne phylog.xlsx). The code to calculate a1, a2, a3, and to measure S1 and S2 are given in the method of the article. In all excel files, a1 a2 a3 are the polynomial parameters fitted on the LTT plots. S1 and S2 are respectively ES1 and ES2, the "elderness surface" presented in the article. MPD, MNTD, gamma, and Colless are the common phylogenetic structure measurement (see also method), and invNRI and invNTI the standardized version of MPD and MNTD. RichSpe or Sps correspond to the species richness. PlotID corresponds to the identification of the plot. Mean19962007 corresponds to the mean productivity from 1996 to 2007

Impact scheme of the Global Invasive Species Database, implemented by the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) Invasive Species Specialist Group.

<p>The GISD stores detailed information on more than 800 invasive alien species, including on the impacts they cause. The GISD has recently been redesigned, and all information has been re-classified in order to improve the searching functionalities of the database. The schema developed for the revised GISD has allowed all species stored in the database to be coded in respect of the direct mechanisms by which their impacts occur (e.g., predation), and by the outcomes of those impact mechanisms on the environment or on human activities. For example, the grass <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> (Poales: Poaceae) almost doubles litter biomass in invaded locations, which increases potential fuel for fires (impact mechanism coded as flammability, and impact outcome as modification of fire regime). The plant <i>Schinus terebinthifolius</i> (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) is a bio-fouling agent, forming dense thickets in gullies and river bottoms, with the ultimate effect of changing the hydrology of river streams of invaded freshwater bodies (mechanism coded as bio-fouling, and impact outcome described as modification of hydrology). The insect <i>Adelges piceae</i> (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) releases a toxin causing stress to trees, which eventually die. The impact outcome of <i>A. piceae</i> is described in GISD as damage to forestry, with its mechanism of impact coded as poisoning/toxicity, but it can also be coded as having an environmental impact on plant/animal health, as it has been here. In the table, mechanisms and outcomes are reported in two separate columns, and the three examples of the connections between mechanisms and outcomes are shown. Impact outcomes in the GISD database can be environmental or socio-economic, but our categorisation scheme of species in terms of the magnitudes of their impacts (<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001850#pbio-1001850-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>; <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001850#pbio-1001850-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>) concerns only the former.</p

Impact criteria for assigning alien species to different categories in the classification scheme (Box 2).

<p>These categories are for species that have been evaluated, have alien populations (i.e., are known to have been introduced outside their native range), and for which there is adequate data to allow classification (see <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001850#pbio-1001850-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>). Classification follows the general principle outlined in the first row. However, we specifically outlined the different mechanisms through which an alien species can cause impacts in order to help assessors to look at the different aspects and to identify potential research gaps. Numbers next to different impact classes reference the numbering of impacts in the classification of impact mechanisms in the GISD (<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001850#pbio-1001850-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>).</p

The different categories in the alien species impact scheme, and the relationship between them.

<p>Descriptions of the categories are provided in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001850#pbio-1001850-box002" target="_blank">Box 2</a>. The CG category is not represented in this diagram as CG taxa may be found in any category.</p