Efeitos da radioterapia e hormonioterapia na espermatogênese de pacientes com câncer de próstata

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-12T19:13:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 0000_tese_reginaldo_final_ssima___28_abr_2014.pdf: 4376784 bytes, checksum: 41ca2c6d8dd12543714928ef58fea53d (MD5) Previous issue date: 19Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar parâmetros do processo espermatogênico de homens idosos, portadores de câncer avançado de próstata que foram submetidos a tratamentos radioterápicos e hormonais, comparativamente com aqueles que não sofreram nenhum desses tratamentos antes da realização da orquiectomia bilateral. Método: Os parâmetros avaliados foram os escores histopatológicos testiculares sob microscopia de luz e a morfologia e morfometria da espermatogênese sob microscopia de luz de alta resolução, todos eles correlacionados com o perfil hormonal e com os dados clínicos. Foram incluídos 22 pacientes, com idades entre 59 e 90 anos, com média de 74,3 anos. Desse total, onze pacientes foram submetidos à orquiectomia bilateral, os quais não haviam se submetido a nenhum tratamento prévio ou tinham sido tratados anteriormente com prostatectomia radical (grupo controle). Seis pacientes foram submetidos à orquiectomia bilateral e se encontravam em tratamento hormonal exclusivo com bloqueadores de testosterona de ação central ou periférica. Outros cinco pacientes foram submetidos à orquiectomia bilateral e tinham sido tratados anteriormente com radioterapia externa, não recebendo mais nenhum tratamento ou então tendo sido tratados posteriormente com bloqueadores centrais ou periféricos de testosterona. Resultados: O escore histopatológico testicular clássico de Cinco padrões mostrou uma redução significante no valor do escore entre o grupo controle em comparação com o grupo tratado com radioterapia, mas não foi significante em relação ao grupo tratado com hormonioterapia. Por outro lado, os escores de Johnsen e de Bergmann mostraram redução significativa do escore entre o grupo controle e os dois grupos tratados. A avaliação morfométrica dos parâmetros tubulares mostrou que houve redução significante no diâmetro tubular e na altura do epitélio seminífero nos indivíduos que foram submetidos aos tratamentos hormonais e radioterápicos. Esta menor altura do epitélio seminífero foi devido a uma redução do número de células germinativas no estádio III do ciclo do epitélio seminífero, principalmente a partir do preleptóteno, quando inicia a fase meiótica. Os índices da eficiência da espermatogênese mostraram que não ocorreu efeito deletério significativo no processo de mitose espermatogonial, principalmente das espermatogônias Aescuras e Aclaras, que correspondem às espermatogônias-tronco do testículo humano. No entanto, quanto ao processo meiótico, ao suporte de células de Sertoli e à eficiência geral da espermatogênese, a hormonioterapia ou a radioterapia foram expressivamente lesivas. Especificamente após a hormonioterapia a espermiogênese foi completamente bloqueada, não havendo formação de espermátides alongadas. Conclusões: Conclui-se que os tratamentos contra o câncer de próstata, utilizando hormônios e radioterapia, provocam efeitos deletérios no processo espermatogênico do homem, com alterações significativas de diversos parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos da espermatogênese. Os escores histopatológicos testiculares de Johnsen e de Bergmann demonstraram com mais precisão, em comparação ao escore clássico de Cinco padrões, que os tratamentos radioterápicos e hormonais foram lesivos para a espermatogênese. Parâmetros morfométricos demonstraram que a radioterapia lesou mais acentuadamente a proliferação espermatogonial do que a hormonioterapia, porém apenas a hormonioterapia bloqueou a espermiogênese.Objectives: This study aims to evaluate parameters of the spermatogenic process of elderly men with advanced prostate cancer who underwent radiotherapy and hormonal treatment, compared with those who did not suffer any of these treatments before performing bilateral orchiectomy. Method: We evaluated testicular histopathological scores in spermatogenesis under high resolution light microscopy and light microscopy morphology and morphometry, all correlated with the hormonal profile and clinical data. It were included 22 patients with ages between 59 and 90 years and with mean of 74.3 years. Eleven patients from them underwent bilateral orchiectomy, which had not undergone any previous treatment or had been previously treated with radical prostatectomy (control group). Six patients underwent bilateral orchiectomy and were exclusively submitted to hormonal treatment with testosterone blockers of central or peripheral action. Five other patients underwent bilateral orchiectomy and had been previously treated with external beam radiotherapy, not getting any more treatment or they were treated subsequently with central or peripheral testosterone blockers. Results: The Classic Five testicular histopathological patterns score showed a significant reduction in the value of the score between the control group compared with the group treated with radiotherapy, but it was not significant compared to the group treated with hormone therapy. On the other hand, scores of Johnsen and Bergmann showed significant reduction in scores between the control group and the two treatment groups. The morphometric analysis of tubular parameters showed that there was significant reduction in tubular diameter and height of the seminiferous epithelium in individuals who were subjected to hormonal and radiotherapy. This lower height of the seminiferous epithelium was due to a reduction in the number of germ cells in stage III of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, mainly from preleptotene, when meiotic phase started. The indices of the efficiency of spermatogenesis showed that no significant deleterious effect on the process of spermatogonial mitosis, mainly of Adark and Apale, spermatogonia which correspond to spermatogonial stem from human testis. However, regarding meiotic process, support capacity of Sertoli cells and the overall efficiency of spermatogenesis, the hormone therapy and radiotherapy were significantly detrimental. Specifically after hormone treatment, spermiogenesis was completely blocked, with no formation of elongated spermatids. Conclusions: We conclude that treatments for prostate cancer, using hormones and radiotherapy, cause deleterious effects on human spermatogenesis process, with significant changes in several qualitative and quantitative parameters of spermatogenesis. Testicular histopathological scores of Johnsen and Bergmann demonstrated more accurately compared to the classic five-score patterns and the radiotherapy and hormonal treatments were harmful to spermatogenesis. Morphometric parameters showed that radiotherapy has been more damaged to spermatogonial proliferation than hormone therapy, but only hormone therapy blocked spermiogenesis

Influence of three different histological methods on the morphology and morphometrical data in human testis

Coagulant fixatives and paraffin embedding were widely used in the past for histomorphometrical evaluations of the human testis under physiological and pathological conditions. However, new methods are applied nowadays using better combinations of fixatives and plastic resins as embedding media, improving cell and tissue structural preservation. In an attempt to compare old and new data, the present study evaluated histomorphometrical data obtained from human testis after three different histological processing methods: Bouin/paraplast, glutaraldehyde/glycol methacrylate and glutaraldehyde/araldite. The morphometrical parameters were not affected by glutaraldehyde fixation after both resin embedding (methacrylate or araldite). On the other hand, Bouin/paraplast embedding lead to tissue shrinkage, which could give rise to misinterpretations on the measurements performed. Since some germ and somatic cells recognition do not depend upon high resolution techniques, counting of such cell types could be performed even using routine Bouin/paraplast protocols. Thus, the morphometrical analyses relying on cell recognition were not affected by the methods here applied, however, when metric measurements were applied, the obtained results could not be promptly compared. On the other hand, if the study requires confident spermatogonial identification for kinetics evaluation, glutaraldehyde/araldite processing is highly recommended

Resumos em andamento - Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico

Resumos em andamento - Desenvolvimento Socioeconômic

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ