Evaluation of a reproductive health awareness program for adolescence in urban Tanzania-A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test research

Sub-Saharan Africa is among the countries where 10% of girls become mothers by the age of 16 years old. The United Republic of Tanzania located in Sub-Saharan Africa is one country where teenage pregnancy is a problem facing adolescent girls. Adolescent pregnancy has been identified as one of the reasons for girls dropping out from school. This study's purpose was to evaluate a reproductive health awareness program for the improvement of reproductive health for adolescents in urban Tanzania. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test research design was conducted to evaluate adolescents' knowledge, attitude, and behavior about reproductive health before and after the program. Data were collected from students aged 11 to 16, at Ilala Municipal, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. An anonymous 23-item questionnaire provided the data. The program was conducted using a picture drama, reproductive health materials and group discussion. In total, 313 questionnaires were distributed and 305 (97.4%) were useable for the final analysis. The mean age for girls was 12.5 years and 13.2 years for boys. A large minority of both girls (26.8%) and boys (41.4%) had experienced sex and among the girls who had experienced sex, 51.2% reported that it was by force. The girls' mean score in the knowledge pre-test was 5.9, and 6.8 in post-test, which increased significantly (t=7.9, p=0.000). The mean behavior pre-test score was 25.8 and post-test was 26.6, which showed a significant increase (t=3.0, p=0.003). The boys' mean score in the knowledge pre-test was 6.4 and 7.0 for the post-test, which increased significantly (t=4.5, p=0.000). The mean behavior pre-test score was 25.6 and 26.4 in post-test, which showed a significant increase (t=2.4, p=0.019). However, the pre-test and post-test attitude scores showed no statistically significant difference for either girls or boys. Teenagers have sexual experiences including sexual violence. Both of these phenomena are prevalent among school-going adolescents. The reproductive health program improved the students' knowledge and behavior about sexuality and decision-making after the program for both girls and boys. However, their attitudes about reproductive health were not likely to change based on the educational intervention as designed for this study

Redes interfederativas e saúde: trocas, benefícios e iatrogenias na construção do SUS Health and interfederal networks: changes, benefits and iatrogenics in the construction of the Unified Health System (SUS, Brazil)

Submitted by Luis Guilherme Macena ([email protected]) on 2012-12-18T18:27:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Redes interfederativas e saúde trocas.pdf: 28720 bytes, checksum: 7401a3c087fb5c959ab9a096d1098ab5 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-18T18:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Redes interfederativas e saúde trocas.pdf: 28720 bytes, checksum: 7401a3c087fb5c959ab9a096d1098ab5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Pediatria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasi

Networks for prevention of violence: from utopia to action Redes de prevenção à violência: da utopia à ação

This article aims to discuss the experience of networks for the protection of people exposed to situations of violence or prevention networks. It is based on the concept created by Castells, who defines the information age. This study is part of the investigation "Successful experiences in the prevention of violence", carried out by the Latin-American Center for Studies on Violence Jorge Careli/ENSP-IFF/Fiocruz, in cooperation with the Secretariat for Health Survey of the Ministry of Health. The article analyzes the possibilities and limitations in the construction of networks for the prevention of violence, seeking to understand the sense of actions and movements carried out in networks. The method we used is a case study of two network initiatives in the Southern region of the country. In terms of results, in face of the difficulties of working in networks, we found it to be necessary: to break with sectorial and vertical actions; to promote constant communication and interchange of information; to permanently train the professionals and persons involved in the network, incorporating them into the protective and preventive actions; and to promote the participation of wide social sectors. In conclusion, one can affirm that the construction of a protection network involves complex steps, looking to the same problem with new eyes and a new vision for planting solutions.<br>Este artigo objetiva discutir a experiência de redes de proteção a pessoas em situação de violência ou redes de prevenção. Baseia-se no conceito de rede de Castells, que define a sociedade da informação. O estudo é parte da pesquisa "Experiências exitosas em prevenção da violência", realizada pelo Centro Latino-Americano de Estudos de Violência e Saúde Jorge Careli/ENSP-IFF/ Fiocruz, em convênio com a Secretaria de Vigilância à Saúde do Ministério da Saúde. O presente artigo analisa as potencialidades e os limites para a construção de redes de prevenção à violência, buscando apreender o sentido das ações e do movimento em rede. O método utilizado é o estudo de caso de duas iniciativas em rede da região Sul do país. Em termos de resultados, evidencia-se que, diante das dificuldades para a atuação em rede, faz-se necessário: romper com a lógica do trabalho setorizado e verticalizado; promover o exercício constante de comunicação e de troca de informações; capacitar permanentemente os profissionais e pessoas que se envolvem na rede; incorporar a família nas ações de proteção e de prevenção; e promover a participação de amplos setores sociais. Concluindo, pode-se afirmar que a construção de uma rede de proteção demanda etapas complexas, um novo olhar para o mesmo problema e a utopia para plantar soluções

Experiências alternativas resgatando saberes para os processos de trabalho em saúde

O presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, que objetivou compreender o processo de trabalho de enfermeiros e médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), do município de João Pessoa-PB, e identificar as estratégias e táticas alternativas desenvolvidas. O material foi analisado por meio da técnica de análise de discurso. Evidenciou-se a desarticulação entre os elementos do processo de trabalho aliada à possibilidade de transformação pela superação da invisibilidade dos sujeitos e seus saberes nos serviços de saúde. Conclui-se que as estratégias e táticas alternativas visualizadas constituem embrião para transformação dos processos de trabalho e superação dos modelos de atenção à saúde hegemônicos, demandando problematização contínua de concepções e práticas