Environmental axes and predictions as to their potential impact on fitness, measured in terms of recruitment success in the great tit.

<p>The proportion of variance in recruitment explained by each environmental axis was measured by fitting a linear regression of each environmental axis on recruitment at the appropriate level (cohort, nestbox or breeding event level), and is presented in the far-right column.</p

Difference in the magnitude of inbreeding depression in recruitment across environmental axes in the great tit.

<p>The difference in the magnitude of inbreeding depression is here defined as the difference in inbreeding depression between good and bad environments; each data point refers to one environmental axis. For all cases where <i>y</i><1, the point estimate for inbreeding depression was larger in the poor environment relative to the good one. Where <i>y</i>>1, inbreeding depression was less severe in a bad environment than in a good environment. The numbering of each data point refers to the numbering in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0001027#pone-0001027-t001" target="_blank">table 1</a> and represents the following environmental axes: (1) yearly population density of breeding events, (2) local oak density, (3) female parental age, (4) male parental age, (5) local population density of breeding events, (6) nestbox distance from forest edge, (7) lag between caterpillar peak and hatching peak, (8) fledging mass, (9) winter beech mast abundance, (10) phenotypic coefficient of variation in recruitment, and (11) yearly quality in recruitment.</p

Mean number of individuals from outbred and inbred broods of great tits that recruited in good and bad environments.

<p>The reproductive success of outbred (<i>f</i> = 0.0) and inbred (<i>f</i> = 0.25) broods are represented by white and black bars, respectively. Environmental quality is here defined in terms of each year's mean recruitment success relative to the overall median of all yearly values of recruitment (error bars: 95% CI).</p

Effect of inbreeding, the environment (measured with eleven environmental axes) and their interaction on recruitment in the great tit.

<p>Generalised linear mixed model with Poisson errors, logarithm link and parental identity fitted as random effects.</p>*<p>: P<0.05;</p>**<p>: P<0.01;</p>***<p>: P<0.001.</p

Szulkin_Blue_Tit_working_dataset_MAF0.02_callrate0.9

The filtered VCF file containing 12K SNPs from Continental and Corsican populations of Mediterranean blue tit. The 12K SNP VCF file can be filtered further to subsets of individuals where no family ties are present, or that contribute to the symmetrical minimal dataset (more info about these datasets can be found in the Materials & Methods section and in Supplementary Information files)

Szulkin_Blue_Tit_raw_unfiltered_209K_SNPs_from_Stacks_maf1

The raw VCF file generated with Stacks, containing 209K SNPs with a global minor allele frequency of at least 0.01. This dataset was then filtered based on quality and population genetic criteria in vcftools to produce the working dataset conatining 12 SNPs

List_19760_Consensus_RAD_Stacks_1_80

Full list of consensus RAD tag sequences (in fasta format) that were used for blast annotations

Clock genotype for blue tit breeding population 2006-2007

The file contains genotyping data and relevant covariates for the blue tit population breeding in Wytham woods 2006 and 2007

DATASET - Predicting bird phenology from space

Great tit and blue tit breeding data and habitat data was collected in the field. The MOD09Q1 and MYD09Q1 data products used to calculate EVI are courtesy of the online Data Pool at the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Cloudiness data is based on the same MODIS sensors as in the case of EVI data, this time using the MOD08 product (collection 5.1, accessed through Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System – LAADS, ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov)

Images and Phylogenetic Analysis of New Zealand's Extinct Giant Eagle, H. moorei

<div><p>(A) An artist's impression of H. moorei attacking the extinct New Zealand moa. Evidence of eagle strikes are preserved on skeletons of moa weighing up to 200 kg. These skeletons show the eagle struck and gripped the moa's pelvic area, and then killed with a single strike by the other foot to the head or neck. (Artwork: John Megahan.)</p> <p>(B) Comparison of the huge claws of H. moorei with those of its close relative the Hieraaetus morphnoides, the “little” eagle. The massive claws of H. moorei could pierce and crush bone up to 6 mm thick under 50 mm of skin and flesh.</p> <p>(C) Maximum-likelihood tree based on cyt <i>b</i> data (circa 1 kb), depicting phylogenetic relationships within the “booted eagle” group. Extraction numbers or GenBank accession numbers are shown along with taxa name. Harpagornis moorei (red) groups exclusively with the small <i>Hieraaetus</i> eagles, and genetic distances suggest a recent common ancestor about 0.7–1.8 million years ago (early to mid Pleistocene). The tree uses an HKY + Γ₄ + I likelihood model enforcing a molecular clock; maximum-likelihood bootstrap consensus values greater than 60% are shown.</p></div