The Linguistic Space of Cemeteries as a Reflection of Culture – Research Suggestion

Cemeteries as delimited areas, arranged according to certain rules, equipped with the set of selected elements, are like a mirror, which reflects the various aspects of the activity of the society that creates them. The aim of the article is to present the suggested way of describing cemetery space, as well as to decipher the information included in gravestone inscriptions (perceived as a linguistic statement). The analysis concerns the following types of necropolises: local, religious, as well as – treated as a new phenomenon in the Polish sepulchral customs – animal and virtual ones

Synthesis and detailed characterization of <i>cis</i>-dichloridobispicolinatoruthenate(III) as solid and in solution

<p>Three water-soluble ruthenium(III) compounds, Y[<i>cis</i>-RuCl₂(pic)₂]⋅<i>n</i>H₂O (where pic = picolinate anion, Y = H(Hpic)₂⁺ (<b>1</b>), H₂pic⁺ (<b>2</b>) or K⁺ (<b>3</b>), <i>n</i> = 2, 1.5, and 2.5, respectively), were synthesized and their X-ray structures determined. Compound <b>1</b> was fully characterized both as solid and in aqueous solution by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, EPR, IR and UV-visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, microwave plasma atomic emission, and mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis and chromatographic methods. It was shown that the coordination geometry around the low spin (<i>S</i> = ½) Ru^III center is distorted octahedral with the chlorido ligands in a <i>cis</i> configuration. Furthermore, all the measurements showed that the structures in the solid state and solution are absolutely identical with the <i>cis</i>-[RuCl₂(pic)₂]⁻ anion being inert in aqueous solution. Microbial studies showed that <b>1</b> exerts a strong inhibition on the growth and increased mortality level of the bacterial strains – <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp., <i>Sarcina</i> sp., <i>Micrococcus</i> sp., <i>Serratia</i> sp., <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and yeast – <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>.</p