Aportes de la palinología a la actividad forense

Hoy en día el estudio de polen actual y fósil tiene muchas aplicaciones, desde ayudar a las personas a identificar sus varias alergias a proveernos de información acerca de la localización de fuentes de petróleo, carbón, y gas, necesarias para mantener nuestra moderna civilización. Justamente, uno de los muchos usos de los datos que aporta el polen, uno de los últimos conocidos y utilizados es la aplicación de los estudios de polen a la ciencia del análisis forense.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Spore morphology and ultrastructure in species of salvinia from Southern South America

The morphology and ultrastructure of megaspores, microspores, and massulae of Salvinia Séguier 1785 species from Argentina, Bolivia, southern Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay have been analyzed. The analyses were performed using light microscopy, stereo microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The taxa studied were Salvinia auriculata Aublet 1775, Salvinia biloba Raddi 1825, and Salvinia minima Baker 1886. The spores of Salvinia biloba are described and illustrated here for the first time. The spores of Salvinia adnata Desvaux 1827were not described here because all the specimens analyzed had megasporangia and microsporangia which had not developed, or were aborted. The megaspores in all the species analyzed are trilete, 224–402 µm in polar diameter and 179–378 µm in equatorial diameter, with a circular outline, an irregular margin in polar view, and are ovoid in equatorial view. The surface is ridged and perforated and the sporoderm in cross section comprises a compact, two-layered exospore and a thick lacunose epispore which is projected proximally. The apertural area has unique characteristics in each species. The microspores are enclosed in spheroidal to elliptical massulae 145–240 µm in diameter. The individual microspores are trilete, rugulate, 15–36 µm in diameter, and spheroidal. In cross section, the exospore is two-layered. Both types of spores produced by the species analyzed exhibit little interspecific and intraspecific variability. Differences in general shape and proximal characteristics were found in megaspores at the species level. According to these, and previous, results Salvinia is a genus with stable palynological characteristics, all of them related to its adaptation to the aquatic environment.Fil: Gardenal, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Palinología; ArgentinaFil: Morbelli, Marta Alicia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Palinología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Giudice, Gabriela Elena. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Morfología Vegetal; Argentin

Aportes de la palinología a la actividad forense

Hoy en día el estudio de polen actual y fósil tiene muchas aplicaciones, desde ayudar a las personas a identificar sus varias alergias a proveernos de información acerca de la localización de fuentes de petróleo, carbón, y gas, necesarias para mantener nuestra moderna civilización. Justamente, uno de los muchos usos de los datos que aporta el polen, uno de los últimos conocidos y utilizados es la aplicación de los estudios de polen a la ciencia del análisis forense.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Palynological analysis of Dennstaedtiaceae taxa from the Paranaense Phytogeografic Province that produce monolete spores and its systematic implications (I): Blotiella lindeniana , Histiopteris incisa and Paesia glandulosa

The genera of Dennstaedtiaceae have sporophytes with very different morphological characteristics between each other, and this feature has made difficult the systematic circumscription of the family. This reason makes necessary the study of new characters that allow a better understanding of the relations within the group. The spore morphology and wall structure of Blotiella lindeniana, Histiopteris incisa and Paesia glandulosa from the Paranaense Phytogeographic Province were studied using light microscope, and scanning and transmission electron microscope. The exospore has two layers and, according to the species, the exospore surface bears pila, echinae, verrucae, bacula and tubercles. The perispore has two or three layers and its surface is psilate, baculate or rugulate. The variability found in the sculpture of the spores and their stratification and ultrastructure of perispore reflects the morphological differences observed in the sporophyte of the species studied. Additionally, while the stratification and ultrastructure of the exospore is shared by the Dennstaedtiaceae species, their ornamentation could be a character to distinguish species into the clade "hypolepidoide?. The finding of spores with similar characteristics in phylogenetically unrelated families allows us to suggest that palynological features do not have an evolutionary value to establish relationships between groups above the genus level.Fil: Yañez, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Marquez, Gonzalo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Palinología; ArgentinaFil: Morbelli, Marta Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Palinología; Argentin

Palynological analysis of Dennstaedtiaceae taxa from the Paranaense Phytogeographic Province that produce Trilete spores II: Microlepia speluncae and Pteridium arachnoideum

The spore morphology and wall ultrastructure of Microlepia speluncae and Pteridium arachnoideum from the Paranaense Province were analyzed with LM, SEM and TEM and a comparative analysis was carried out. In both species the spores are covered by a three-dimensional network of threads branched and fused, tangentially arranged to the surface, and some free-end threads are also seen. The species were differentiated by morphology and the frequency of threads fusion and the networks distribution on the surface of the spores. In both species the exospore is two-layered in section, both layers are traversed by single or branched channels. The perispore is three-layered in section: the inner layer is adhered to the exospore, the middle layer is formed of a three-dimensional network of threads and the outer layer is discontinuous. The perispore ultrastructure of Microlepia speluncae was interpreted as formed of helical subunits displayed around a central channel. The spore morphology and perispore ultrastructure allow differentiating Microlepia from Pteridium but also to the other Dennstaedtiaceae genera that grow in the Paranaense Province. The results obtained allow establishing relationships that let us recognize different groups and gave a new reference to get a better knowledge of the family.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Palynological analysis of Dennstaedtiaceae taxa from the Paranaense Phytogeografic Province that produce monolete spores and its systematic implications (I): <i>Blotiella lindeniana</i>, <i>Histiopteris incisa</i> and <i>Paesia glandulosa</i>

The genera of Dennstaedtiaceae have sporophytes with very different morphological characteristics between each other, and this feature has made difficult the systematic circumscription of the family. This reason makes necessary the study of new characters that allow a better understanding of the relations within the group. The spore morphology and wall structure of Blotiella lindeniana, Histiopteris incisa and Paesia glandulosa from the Paranaense Phytogeographic Province were studied using light microscope, and scanning and transmission electron microscope. The exospore has two layers and, according to the species, the exospore surface bears pila, echinae, verrucae, bacula and tubercles. The perispore has two or three layers and its surface is psilate, baculate or rugulate. The variability found in the sculpture of the spores and their stratification and ultrastructure of perispore reflects the morphological differences observed in the sporophyte of the species studied. Additionally, while the stratification and ultrastructure of the exospore is shared by the Dennstaedtiaceae species, their ornamentation could be a character to distinguish species into the clade “hypolepidoide”. The finding of spores with similar characteristics in phylogenetically unrelated families allows us to suggest that palynological features do not have an evolutionary value to establish relationships between groups above the genus level.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Palynological analysis of Dennstaedtiaceae taxa from the Paranaense Phytogeographic Province that produce Trilete spores II: Microlepia speluncae and Pteridium arachnoideum

The spore morphology and wall ultrastructure of Microlepia speluncae and Pteridium arachnoideum from the Paranaense Province were analyzed with LM, SEM and TEM and a comparative analysis was carried out. In both species the spores are covered by a three-dimensional network of threads branched and fused, tangentially arranged to the surface, and some free-end threads are also seen. The species were differentiated by morphology and the frequency of threads fusion and the networks distribution on the surface of the spores. In both species the exospore is two-layered in section, both layers are traversed by single or branched channels. The perispore is three-layered in section: the inner layer is adhered to the exospore, the middle layer is formed of a three-dimensional network of threads and the outer layer is discontinuous. The perispore ultrastructure of Microlepia speluncae was interpreted as formed of helical subunits displayed around a central channel. The spore morphology and perispore ultrastructure allow differentiating Microlepia from Pteridium but also to the other Dennstaedtiaceae genera that grow in the Paranaense Province. The results obtained allow establishing relationships that let us recognize different groups and gave a new reference to get a better knowledge of the family.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Palynological analysis of Dennstaedtiaceae taxa from the Paranaense Phytogeografic Province that produce monolete spores and its systematic implications (I): <i>Blotiella lindeniana</i>, <i>Histiopteris incisa</i> and <i>Paesia glandulosa</i>

The genera of Dennstaedtiaceae have sporophytes with very different morphological characteristics between each other, and this feature has made difficult the systematic circumscription of the family. This reason makes necessary the study of new characters that allow a better understanding of the relations within the group. The spore morphology and wall structure of Blotiella lindeniana, Histiopteris incisa and Paesia glandulosa from the Paranaense Phytogeographic Province were studied using light microscope, and scanning and transmission electron microscope. The exospore has two layers and, according to the species, the exospore surface bears pila, echinae, verrucae, bacula and tubercles. The perispore has two or three layers and its surface is psilate, baculate or rugulate. The variability found in the sculpture of the spores and their stratification and ultrastructure of perispore reflects the morphological differences observed in the sporophyte of the species studied. Additionally, while the stratification and ultrastructure of the exospore is shared by the Dennstaedtiaceae species, their ornamentation could be a character to distinguish species into the clade “hypolepidoide”. The finding of spores with similar characteristics in phylogenetically unrelated families allows us to suggest that palynological features do not have an evolutionary value to establish relationships between groups above the genus level.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Palynological analysis of Dennstaedtiaceae taxa from the Paranaense Phytogeografic Province that produce monolete spores and its systematic implications (I): <i>Blotiella lindeniana</i>, <i>Histiopteris incisa</i> and <i>Paesia glandulosa</i>

The genera of Dennstaedtiaceae have sporophytes with very different morphological characteristics between each other, and this feature has made difficult the systematic circumscription of the family. This reason makes necessary the study of new characters that allow a better understanding of the relations within the group. The spore morphology and wall structure of Blotiella lindeniana, Histiopteris incisa and Paesia glandulosa from the Paranaense Phytogeographic Province were studied using light microscope, and scanning and transmission electron microscope. The exospore has two layers and, according to the species, the exospore surface bears pila, echinae, verrucae, bacula and tubercles. The perispore has two or three layers and its surface is psilate, baculate or rugulate. The variability found in the sculpture of the spores and their stratification and ultrastructure of perispore reflects the morphological differences observed in the sporophyte of the species studied. Additionally, while the stratification and ultrastructure of the exospore is shared by the Dennstaedtiaceae species, their ornamentation could be a character to distinguish species into the clade “hypolepidoide”. The finding of spores with similar characteristics in phylogenetically unrelated families allows us to suggest that palynological features do not have an evolutionary value to establish relationships between groups above the genus level.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse