Efeitos da desnutri??o precoce e de crises convulsivas na mem?ria espacial do rato imaturo

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:36:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 397458.pdf: 1733563 bytes, checksum: 992752e280f9a8a81b06e232e3094649 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-07Objetivo: Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos da desnutri??o precoce e de crises convulsivas no aprendizado espacial e na mem?ria, em um modelo de desenvolvimento cerebral. M?todos: Filhotes machos de ratos Wistar foram alocados em seis grupos: Nutridos Controles (NC), Nutridos Crises Recorrentes (NCR), Nutridos Status Epilepticus (NSE), Desnutridos Controles (DC), Desnutridos Crises Recorrentes (DCR) e Desnutridos Status Epilepticus (DSE). Os animais dos grupos DC, DCR e DSE foram mantidos em um regime de priva??o alimentar do segundo (P2) ao d?cimo quinto (P15) dia de vida p?s-natal. De P2 a P4, os grupos NCR e DCR foram expostos a tr?s crises convulsivas recorrentes por dia, induzidas por flurothyl. Em P15, os grupos NSE e DSE foram expostos a um status epilepticus induzido por esta mesma subst?ncia. De P21 ? 26 todos os grupos foram testados no labirinto aqu?tico de Morris para aferi??o do aprendizado e mem?ria espaciais. Em P30, os animais foram sacrificados e os c?rebros foram pesados. Resultados: A an?lise indicou que a desnutri??o precoce n?o alterou a suscetibilidade ?s crises convulsivas em P15 mas reduziu os pesos corporais e cerebrais (p<0,001), enquanto as crises convulsivas diminu?ram o peso corporal (p<0,01), mas n?o o cerebral (p=0,972). Al?m disto, os animais desnutridos permaneceram menos tempo no quadrante alvo do labirinto aqu?tico de Morris do que os nutridos, durante o teste de prova, em P26 (p<0,001). Da mesma forma, os ratos submetidos ?s crises recorrentes, assim como os que sofreram status epilepticus, tamb?m permaneceram menos tempo no quadrante alvo, quando comparados aos animais livres de crises (p=0,001). Conclus?o: Nossos achados mostram que a desnutri??o e as crises convulsivas apresentam um efeito aditivo prejudicial no peso corporal, no peso cerebral e na reten??o da mem?ria espacial de ratos jovens

Efeitos da desnutrição precoce e de crises convulsivas na memória espacial do rato imaturo

Objetivo: Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos da desnutrição precoce e de crises convulsivas no aprendizado espacial e na memória, em um modelo de desenvolvimento cerebral. Métodos: Filhotes machos de ratos Wistar foram alocados em seis grupos: Nutridos Controles (NC), Nutridos Crises Recorrentes (NCR), Nutridos Status Epilepticus (NSE), Desnutridos Controles (DC), Desnutridos Crises Recorrentes (DCR) e Desnutridos Status Epilepticus (DSE). Os animais dos grupos DC, DCR e DSE foram mantidos em um regime de privação alimentar do segundo (P2) ao décimo quinto (P15) dia de vida pós-natal. De P2 a P4, os grupos NCR e DCR foram expostos a três crises convulsivas recorrentes por dia, induzidas por flurothyl. Em P15, os grupos NSE e DSE foram expostos a um status epilepticus induzido por esta mesma substância. De P21 à 26 todos os grupos foram testados no labirinto aquático de Morris para aferição do aprendizado e memória espaciais. Em P30, os animais foram sacrificados e os cérebros foram pesados. Resultados: A análise indicou que a desnutrição precoce não alterou a suscetibilidade às crises convulsivas em P15 mas reduziu os pesos corporais e cerebrais (p<0,001), enquanto as crises convulsivas diminuíram o peso corporal (p<0,01), mas não o cerebral (p=0,972). Além disto, os animais desnutridos permaneceram menos tempo no quadrante alvo do labirinto aquático de Morris do que os nutridos, durante o teste de prova, em P26 (p<0,001). Da mesma forma, os ratos submetidos às crises recorrentes, assim como os que sofreram status epilepticus, também permaneceram menos tempo no quadrante alvo, quando comparados aos animais livres de crises (p=0,001). Conclusão: Nossos achados mostram que a desnutrição e as crises convulsivas apresentam um efeito aditivo prejudicial no peso corporal, no peso cerebral e na retenção da memória espacial de ratos jovens.Purpose: In this study we evaluated the effects of undernourishment and seizures on memory and spatial learning in a model of developing brain. Methods: Male Wistar pup rats were allocated to one out of six experimental groups as follows: Nourished Control (NC), Nourished Recurrent Seizures (NRS), Nourished Status Epilepticus (NSE), Undernourished Control (UC), Undernourished Recurrent Seizures (URS) or Undernourished Status Epilepticus (USE). UC, URS and USE groups were maintained on a starvation regimen from post-natal day 2 (P2) to post-natal day 15 (P15). URS and NRS groups suffered three daily flurothyl-induced seizures from P2 to P4. USE and NSE groups suffered a status epilepticus (SE) at P15. Beginning at P21 all groups were trained in the Morris water maze. At P30 the animals were sacrificed and their brains weighted. Results: Our data indicate that early undernourishment does not alter seizure susceptibility at P15, but diminishes body and brain weight (p<0,001), whereas seizures diminish body (p<0,001) but not brain weight (p=0,972). In the Morris water probe test we have observed that undernourished rats spent less time in the target quadrant than nourished animals (p<0,001). Also, rats submitted to recurrent seizures and rats submitted to status epilepticus spent less time in the target quadrant than seizure-free animals (p=0,001). There was a significant interaction between undernourishment and seizure (p=0,013). Discussion: Our findings show that undernourishment and seizures have a detrimental additive effect on body and brain weight as well as in spatial memory

Translation and language validation of the Epworth sleepiness scale for children and adolescents (ESS-CHAD) into Brazilian Portuguese

Objective: This study aimed to translate the Epworth sleepiness scale for children and adolescents (ESS-CHAD) into Brazilian Portuguese. Material and Methods: The translation and language validation processes were carried out through translation, back translation, technical review, assessment of verbal comprehension/clarity of the scale by experts (four pediatric neurologists). After they have reached a final version of the ESS-HAD a sample of asymptomatic children and adolescents that were participants in another sleep project were invited to read and complete the questionnaire to evaluate comprehension by the aimed population. Results: Two independent researchers made the forward translation and it has around 90% of concordance. Minor disagreements were related to the position of adjectives in the sentence. No major difficulties were reported by the 3rd researcher that performed the back translation. After a consensus meeting with the four participants, we have reached a final version of the questionnaire. In the cognitive interviews, the scale was reportedly easy to understand to the 23 respondents. One adolescent suggested clarifying whether question 2 (likelihood of falling asleep watching TV or a video), referred to daytime or nighttime. The total ESS-CHAD score in this asymptomatic sample varied from 0-17, a mean score of 7.08±5.65. Discussion: The final version of the ESS-CHAD in Brazilian Portuguese was approved by the copyright owners and was well understandable by caregivers and adolescents. More studies are now necessary to use this questionnaire in a larger target population to verify its validity and internal consistency

Thermoregulatory Instability in Childhood: Linking the Normal Brain to Hypothalamic Storm

Central core temperature is tightly controlled by hypothalamic centers, a feature that makes sudden changes in body temperature very unusual. A dysfunction of these hypothalamic pathways leads to Shapiro’s syndrome, comprising spontaneous hypothermia, hyperhidrosis, and corpus callosum dysgenesis. Although it may affect any age, usually it presents in childhood. Variants to this syndrome with completely normal brain anatomy have been consistently reported, expanding the clinical spectrum of the syndrome. Herein, we report the case of a 4-year-old girl with Shapiro’s syndrome and unaffected corpus callosum

Clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of benign occipital epilepsy of childhood in two tertiary Brazilian hospitals

This study intended to investigate the clinical and electroencephalographic benign occipital epilepsy of childhood (BOEC) characteristics in a population sample of patients from two tertiary Brazilian hospitals. We analyzed retrospectively 4912 electroencephalograms (EEGs) records, and the included patients were submitted to a new clinical and EEG evaluation. Were included 12 (0.92%) patients; 4 (33.3%) with criteria for early BOEC; 6 (50%) for late form and 2 (16.7%) with superimposed early and late onset forms. After new investigation, 2 (16.7%) had normal EEG; 4 (33.3%) had paroxysms over the occipital region; 3 (25%) over the temporal posterior regions and 3 (25%) over the posterior regions. Sharp waves were the predominant change, occurring in 8 (66.6%); spike and slow wave complexes in 1 (8.3%) and sharp and slow wave complexes in 1 (8.3%). Vomiting, headache and visual hallucinations were the most common ictal manifestations, presented in 100% of patients with superimposed forms. Vomiting were absent in the late form and headache was present in all forms of BOEC

Selective posterior callosotomy for drop attacks: A new approach sparing prefrontal connectivity

To evaluate a novel approach to control epileptic drop attacks through a selective posterior callosotomy, sparing all prefrontal interconnectivity.status: publishe