Zimnotłoczone oleje: lniany (wysoko- i niskolinolenowy) i rzepakowy. Który wybrać?

The study aimed at comparing two types of flaxseed oil (high- and low linolenic) and rape-seed oils, cold pressed, which have recently gained in popularity in Poland. The studies included evaluation of chemical quality by analysis of acid, peroxide and iodine values and determination of the fatty acid composition. The values that determine the oil quality were varied, e.g. the acid value ranged between 2,1 and 2,9 mg KOH/g, peroxide value between 0,7 and 1,3 meqO2/kg and iodine value between 113,7 and 179,1 g/100g for the tested oils. The fatty acid composition for all three oils were also different – low-linelonic flaxseed oil had about 70% of linolenic acid (LA), hgh0linolenic flaxseed oil had about 55% of alpha linolenic acid (ALA), while rapeseed oil had about 65% of oleic acid (OA). Chromatographic analysis also showed elevated levels of erucic acids in the rapeseed oil as compared with flaxseed oils. The necessity of dietary supplementation in omega-3 fatty acids for maintaining health was also presented.Celem pracy było porównanie olejów lnianych (wysoko- i niskolinolenowego) oraz rze-pakowego tłoczonych na zimno, które w ostatnich latach stały się popularne na polskich stołach. Badania obejmowały ocenę jakości chemicznej poprzez analizę liczby kwasowej, nadtlenkowej i liczby jodowej oraz określenie składu kwasów tłuszczowych. Wyniki wartości liczb określających jakość olejów były na różnym poziomie, np. liczba kwasowa wahała się od 2,1 do 2,9 mg KOH/g, liczba nadtlenkowa od 0,7 do 1,3 meqO2/kg, a liczba jodowa w zakresie od 113,7 do 179,1 g/100g dla badanych olejów. Składy kwasów tłuszczowych dla wszystkich trzech olejów były różne, olej lniany niskolinolenowy posiadał ok. 70% kwasu linolowego (LA), olej lniany wysokolinolenowy posiadał ok. 55% kwasu alfa linolenowego (ALA), a olej rzepakowy posiadał ok. 65% kwasu oleinowego (OA). Analiza chromatogra-ficzna wykazała również podwyższoną zawartość kwasu erukowego w oleju rzepakowym w porównaniu do olejów lnianych. Analizie poddano konieczność suplementacji diety kwasami omega-3 pod kątem właściwości prozdrowotnych

A New Expression System Based on Psychrotolerant <i>Debaryomyces macquariensis</i> Yeast and Its Application to the Production of Cold-Active β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Galactosidase from <i>Paracoccus</i> sp. 32d

Yeasts provide attractive host/vector systems for heterologous gene expression. The currently used yeast-based expression platforms include mesophilic and thermotolerant species. A eukaryotic expression system working at low temperatures could be particularly useful for the production of thermolabile proteins and proteins that tend to form insoluble aggregates. For this purpose, an expression system based on an Antarctic psychrotolerant yeast Debaryomyces macquariensis strain D50 that is capable of growing at temperatures ranging from 0 to 30 °C has been developed. The optimal physical culture conditions for D. macquariensis D50 in a fermenter are as follows: temperature 20 °C, pH 5.5, aeration rate of 1.5 vvm, and a stirring speed of 300 rpm. Four integrative plasmid vectors equipped with an expression cassette containing the constitutive GAP promoter and CYC1 transcriptional terminator from D. macquariensis D50 were constructed and used to clone and express a gene-encoding cold-active β-d-galactosidase of Paracoccus sp. 32d. The yield was 1150 U/L of recombinant yeast culture. Recombinant D. macquariensis D50 strains were mitotically stable under both selective and non-selective conditions. The D. macquariensis D50 host/vector system has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of heterologous thermolabile protein, and it can be an alternative to other microbial expression systems

Prognostic Impact of Copy Number Alterations’ Profile and AID/RAG Signatures in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) with BCR::ABL and without Recurrent Genetic Aberrations (NEG ALL) Treated with Intensive Chemotherapy

Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with poor outcomes. ALL is initiated by primary aberrations, but secondary genetic lesions are necessary for overt ALL. In this study, we reassessed the value of primary and secondary aberrations in intensively treated ALL patients in relation to mutator enzyme expression. RT-PCR, genomic PCR, and sequencing were applied to evaluate primary aberrations, while qPCR was used to measure the expression of RAG and AID mutator enzymes in 166 adult ALL patients. Secondary copy number alterations (CNA) were studied in 94 cases by MLPA assay. Primary aberrations alone stratified 30% of the patients (27% high-risk, 3% low-risk cases). The remaining 70% intermediate-risk patients included BCR::ABL1pos subgroup and ALL lacking identified genetic markers (NEG ALL). We identified three CNA profiles: high-risk bad-CNA (CNAhigh/IKZF1pos), low-risk good-CNA (all other CNAs), and intermediate-risk CNAneg. Furthermore, based on RAG/AID expression, we report possible mechanisms underlying the CNA profiles associated with poor outcome: AID stratified outcome in CNAneg, which accompanied most likely a particular profile of single nucleotide variations, while RAG in CNApos increased the odds for CNAhigh/IKZF1pos development. Finally, we integrated primary genetic aberrations with CNA to propose a revised risk stratification code, which allowed us to stratify 75% of BCR::ABL1pos and NEG patients