Efecto de azufre y gallinaza sobre índices fisiológicos y del rendimiento en Solanum lycopersicum L.

Objective: to determine the dry biomass and quantify the amount of nitrogen and potassium assimilated by Solanum lycopersicum, developed in a sodium saline soil, in response to the application of poultry manure, and sulfur (S °) through fertigation.Design / methodology / approach: The study was modified in 2016, in the municipality of Moctezuma, SLP, in a shade mesh greenhouse, two doses of sulfur were evaluated 750 kg ha-1 (S1) 1500 kg ha-1 (S2 ) and four levels of manure (1, 2, 3 and 4 t ha-1). Three destructive samplings were considered for the calculation of physiological indices, dry matter and the determination of nitrogen and potassium. Fresh product yield and other yield components were evaluated in six harvests. Results: The highest MST production (kg ha-1) was obtained under the S1 treatment throughout the growth cycle. The highest amount of total accumulated N and K in plants, under the S1 treatment, represents 81.8% and 78.6% of the total applied at the end of the cycle; respectively. The highest production in total commercial fresh fruit accumulated, obtained under the treatment of 750 kg ha-1 of sulfur (S1), was 162.9 t ha-1, surpassing the treatment of 1500 kg ha-1 (S2). Study limitations/implications: no specific differences were reported for poultry manure applications. Findings / conclusions: physiological indices and dry matter rate were affected by the application of S1.Objetivo: determinar la biomasa seca y cuantificar la cantidad de nitrógeno y potasio asimilado por Solanum lycopersicum, desarrollado en un suelo salino sódico, en respuesta a la aplicación de estiércol aviar y azufre (S°) mediante fertigación. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El estudio se estableció en 2016, en el municipio de Moctezuma, S.L.P, en un invernadero de tipo malla sombra, se evaluaron dos dosis de azufre 750 kg ha-1 (S1) 1500 kg ha-1 (S2) y cuatro niveles de gallinaza (1, 2, 3 y 4 t ha-1). Se realizaron tres muestreos destructivos para el cálculo de índices fisiológicos, materia seca y la determinación de nitrógeno y potasio. Se evaluó el rendimiento de fruto en fresco y otros componentes en seis cosechas. Resultados: se obtuvo la más alta producción de MST (kg ha-1) bajo el tratamiento S1 durante todo ciclo de crecimiento.  La cantidad más alta de N y K total acumulado en plantas, bajo el tratamiento S1, representaron el 81.8% y el 78.6% del total aplicado al final del ciclo respectivamente. La mayor producción en fruto fresco total comercial acumulado, obtenido bajo el tratamiento de 750 kg ha-1 de azufre (S1), fue de 162.9 t ha-1, superando al tratamiento de 1500 kg ha-1 (S2).  Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: no se reportaron diferencias significativas por las aplicaciones de gallinaza. Hallazgos/conclusiones: los índices fisiológicos y tasa de materia seca fueron afectados significativamente por la aplicación de S1

Genetic transformation of Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu., mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and biolistic system

Objective: The most appropriate conditions for genetic transformation through direct (bioballistic) and indirect (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) transformation systems in Paulownia elongata were established. Design/methodology/approach: Starting from in vitro propagation through both direct and indirect organogenesis, internodal stem segments with 0.5 to 1 cm length were determined as the best explant. The optimum dose for selection media was determined to be 15 mg L-1 of kanamycin. It was possible to obtain transgenic plants under both transformation systems. In the case of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, two hours of incubation, 48 h of co-cultivation, and optical density of 0.9 were used; while for bioballistics, the best conditions were 120 PSI of shot pressure, shot height at level 6 (16 cm), and vacuum pressure of 22 Hg mm, with particle inflow gun system (PIG). Results: Both systems produced complete transformants, chimeras, as well as those confirmed by histochemical X-GLUC and PCR analysis, producing a total of 14 positive plants by A. tumefaciens transformation from 26 trials and ten positive plants by the bioballistic system from 30 trials; a construction with chitinase and glucanase, NPT II selection gene and the GUS reporter gene were used. Findings/conclusions: So far, this has been the first report including integration of chitinase and glucanase genes