Formulación y evaluación biológica de nanomedicinas con extracto del cenizo Leucophyllum frutescens (BERL.) I.M. Johnston (Scrophulariaceae) contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an emergency disease worldwide, the emergence of resistant strains to the treatment has produced the use of natural products as alternative. Studies have shown that Leucophyllum frutescens extracts present antimicrobial effect, but the disadvantage is that the extracts are recovered in a vehicle that contains organic solvents. The preparation of polymeric nanoparticles (NP) involves the elimination of the solvent in which the active is solubilized, which makes possible to use them as vehicles for the administration of the extracts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design and develop formulations of NP with an extract of L. frutescens, and rifampicin (RIF), in order to evaluate the in vitro biological activity against M. tuberculosis. Firstly, the methanolic extract of leaves and roots of L. frutescens and its fractions were obtained. The anti-M. tuberculosis activity was determined, being the root extract (EMR) and its hexane fractions (FHR and RF1) the most actives with a MIC of 100, 40 and 40 ȝg/mL, respectively. RIF, EMH, FHR and RF1 were incorporated into NP by nanoprecipitation. NP of ≈180 nm with homogeneous size distribution were obtained. The NP were evaluated on M. tuberculosis, being the formulation of NP-PLGA-RIF (MIC=0.10 ȝg/mL) and NP-PLGA-RF1 (CMI=80 ȝg/mL) with better activity. Finally, the anti-M. tuberculosis activity of the combined form formulations was evaluated, the combination of RIF with NP-PLGA-RF1 produced better behavior, reducing the MIC of both without showing toxic effect. The studies carried out in this work showed the potential use of an NP formulation contains a vegetable fraction of L. frutescens in combination with RIF as an alternative against M. tuberculosis

Quantitative Aspect of Leucophyllum frutescens Fraction before and after Encapsulation in Polymeric Nanoparticles

The interest on plants has been focalized due to their biological activities. Extracts or fractions from plants in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NP) provide many advantages on application studies. The encapsulation of the extract or fraction in NP is determined for the establishment of the test dose. HPLC method is an alternative to calculate this parameter. An analytical method based on HPLC for quantification of a hexane fraction from L. frutescens was developed and validated according to ICH. Different concentrations of the hexane fraction from leaves (HFL) were prepared (100–600 μg/mL). Linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and intra- and interday precision parameters were determined. HFL was encapsulated by nanoprecipitation technique and analyzed by HPLC for quantitative aspect. The method was linear and precise for the quantification of the HFL components. NP size was 190 nm with homogeneous size distribution. Through validation method, it was determined that the encapsulation of components (1), (2), (3), and (4) was 44, 74, 86, and 97%, respectively. A simple, repeatable, and reproducible methodology was developed for the propose of quantifying the components of a vegetable material loaded in NP, using as a model the hexane fraction of L. frutescens leaves

Nanoprecipitation process: From encapsulation to drug delivery

International audienc

Caja de Herramientas : Programa Niñas y Niños Educan a los Adultos

Este es un documento pedagógico construido a partir de las voces de las niñas y los niños sobre sus experiencias y aprendizajes en la implementación de sus súper ideas, y el impacto que cada una de ellas tuvo en la transformación de sus entornos. Además, contiene orientaciones pedagógicas para que docentes, padres, madres y/o cuidadores y comunidad en general cuenten con las herramientas básicas para el reconocimiento de las niñas y niños como sujetos capaces de transformar sus realidades mediante la creación, desarrollo, implementación y sistematización de súper ideas por niñas y niños en los entornos familiares, escolares, comunitarios y de ciudad. La caja de herramientas cuenta con tres (3) módulos: 1- Emprendiendo nuestro viaje (ISBN: 9786287627840): tiene como objetivo que los adultos y otras niñas y niños de toda la ciudad conozcan algunas súper ideas y experiencias que han logrado transformar a Bogotá, el cual cuenta con el juego Cascadas y flores, que guía la construcción súper ideas de manera creativa, sencilla y participativa. 2- Una aventura por la ciudad y el campo (ISBN: 9786287627864): presenta el Programa Niñas y Niños Educan a los Adultos, sus apuestas, y cómo ellas y ellos a través de sus súper poderes han transformado la ciudad. 3- Mágicos saberes (ISBN: 9786287627857): presenta cómo las niñas y los niños pueden involucrarse en la construcción de ciudad a través de las diferentes áreas temáticas