Experiència del treball cooperatiu en una assignatura pràctica de laboratori

L’experiència que es presenta s’ha dut a terme en l’assignatura Introducció a l’Experimentació en síntesi química, que és la primera assignatura de tipus sintètic que els estudiants es troben a la llicenciatura de química de la Universitat de Girona. Des del curs 2001-2002 s’han introduït canvis en l’assignatura amb la intenció de millorar els aprenentatges per part dels alumnes, però els canvis més significatius en aquesta assignatura es produeixen a partir del curs 2005-2006 en que s’incorporen nous mètodes d’avaluació. Entre aquests nous mètodes s’ha incorporat d’una experiència combinada d’aprenentatge basat en projectes i de treball cooperatiu. Consisteix en què els alumnes han de proposar la síntesi d’un producte químic. El procés que han de realitzar durant l’exercici és el mateix que haurien de dur a terme en una síntesi real fora del laboratori docent. Aquest procés inclou: recerca bibliogràfica, disseny del procediment, comprovació del material disponible, síntesi i valoració de la qualitat del producte i, finalment, redacció i presentació d’un informe. En l’exercici d’aprenentatge basat en projectes hi intervenen a més tots els elements bàsics de l’aprenentatge cooperatiu. La primera part de l’exercici és una tasca de grup, els alumnes han de desenvolupar la interacció positiva cara a cara, les habilitats personals i de grup, el group processing i la interdependència positiva. La segona part és més individual i els alumnes desenvolupen l’exigibilitat personal. L’equip de professors implicats en aquest projecte estem molt satisfets dels resultats obtinguts en l’avaluació dels aprenentatges, i especialment en aquesta experiènci

La resiliencia en la Educación Secundaria

La Resiliencia es un conjunto de aptitudes que facilita la superación y afrontamiento de situaciones adversas o amenazantes. Estas aptitudes están en toda persona y son susceptibles de desarrollarse en base a la predisposición personal y la influencia del medio externo. El objetivo fundamental que se persigue es la resolución por parte del equipo docente de la problemática de la resiliencia en el aula. Proponemos una serie de actividades dentro de las unidades didácticas y una perspectiva que ayudan al alumno a poner en juego estas habilidades, en el marco de la asertividad, el autoconcepto, la tolerancia a la frustración y el conocimiento que se desarrolla en diferentes áreas curriculares, la acción tutorial y cohesión de grupo, como recurso trasversal en todas ellas.Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deportes; Servicio de Publicaciones; Avda. La Fama, 15; 30006 Murcia; Teléfono 968 279842; www.educarm.es/publicacionesES

Pro-Oxidant Activity of Amine-Pyridine-Based Iron Complexes Efficiently Kills Cancer and Cancer Stem-Like Cells

Differential redox homeostasis in normal and malignant cells suggests that pro-oxidantinduced upregulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) should selectively target cancer cells without compromising the viability of untransformed cells. Consequently, a prooxidant deviation well-tolerated by nonmalignant cells might rapidly reach a cell-death threshold in malignant cells already at a high setpoint of constitutive oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of a selected number of amine-pyridine-based Fe (II) complexes that operate as efficient and robust oxidation catalysts of organic substrates upon reaction with peroxides. Five of these Fe(II)-complexes and the corresponding aminopyridine ligands were selected to evaluate their anticancer properties. We found that the iron complexes failed to display any relevant activity, while the corresponding ligands exhibited significant antiproliferative activity. Among the ligands, none of which were hemolytic, compounds 1, 2 and 5 were cytotoxic in the low micromolar range against a panel of molecularly diverse human cancer cell lines. Importantly, the cytotoxic activity profile of some compounds remained unaltered in epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT)-induced stable populations of cancer stem-like cells, which acquired resistance to the well-known ROS inducer doxorubicin. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 inhibited the clonogenicity of cancer cells and induced apoptotic cell death accompanied by caspase 3/7 activation. Flow cytometry analyses indicated that ligands were strong inducers of oxidative stress, leading to a 7-fold increase in intracellular ROS levels. ROS induction was associated with their ability to bind intracellular iron and generate active coordination complexes inside of cells. In contrast, extracellular complexation of iron inhibited the activity of the ligands. Iron complexes showed a high proficiency to cleave DNA through oxidative-dependent mechanisms, suggesting a likely mechanism of cytotoxicity. In summary, we report that, upon chelation of intracellular iron, the pro-oxidant activity of amine-pyrimidine-based iron complexes efficiently kills cancer and cancer stem-like cells, thus providing functional evidence for an efficient family of redoxdirected anti-cancer metallodrugsThis work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 CSD2010-00065, and from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), SAF2012-38914, Plan Nacional de I+D+

Tècniques científiques integrades

Obrir fitxer "menu.html" per obrir el llibre-eActivitats de l'assignatura 'Tècniques científiques integrades II' dels diferents graus de la Facultat de Cièncie

Assessment of plasma chitotriosidase activity, CCL18/PARC concentration and NP-C suspicion index in the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C : A prospective observational study

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in either the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. The diagnosis of NP-C remains challenging due to the non-specific, heterogeneous nature of signs/symptoms. This study assessed the utility of plasma chitotriosidase (ChT) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18)/pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC) in conjunction with the NP-C suspicion index (NP-C SI) for guiding confirmatory laboratory testing in patients with suspected NP-C. In a prospective observational cohort study, incorporating a retrospective determination of NP-C SI scores, two different diagnostic approaches were applied in two separate groups of unrelated patients from 51 Spanish medical centers (n = 118 in both groups). From Jan 2010 to Apr 2012 (Period 1), patients with ≥2 clinical signs/symptoms of NP-C were considered 'suspected NP-C' cases, and NPC1/NPC2 sequencing, plasma chitotriosidase (ChT), CCL18/PARC and sphingomyelinase levels were assessed. Based on findings in Period 1, plasma ChT and CCL18/PARC, and NP-C SI prediction scores were determined in a second group of patients between May 2012 and Apr 2014 (Period 2), and NPC1 and NPC2 were sequenced only in those with elevated ChT and/or elevated CCL18/PARC and/or NP-C SI ≥70. Filipin staining and 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) measurements were performed in all patients with NP-C gene mutations, where possible. In total across Periods 1 and 2, 10/236 (4%) patients had a confirmed diagnosis o NP-C based on gene sequencing (5/118 [4.2%] in each Period): all of these patients had two causal NPC1 mutations. Single mutant NPC1 alleles were detected in 8/236 (3%) patients, overall. Positive filipin staining results comprised three classical and five variant biochemical phenotypes. No NPC2 mutations were detected. All patients with NPC1 mutations had high ChT activity, high CCL18/PARC concentrations and/or NP-C SI scores ≥70. Plasma 7-KC was higher than control cut-off values in all patients with two NPC1 mutations, and in the majority of patients with single mutations. Family studies identified three further NP-C patients. This approach may be very useful for laboratories that do not have mass spectrometry facilities and therefore, they cannot use other NP-C biomarkers for diagnosis