52 research outputs found
Mediterranean Diet Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention, Disease Progression, and Related Mechanisms. A Review
The search for a quality diet has grown over the past decade. Diet is considered one of
the pillars for the prevention and progression of several diseases, among them: diabetes. Type 2
diabetes (T2D) is an epidemic of western countries that increases the vulnerability of other diseases,
such as cardiovascular and cancer. T2D is associated with lifestyle and diet. The traditional
Mediterranean diet has proven its benefits over several cardiovascular risk factors, and specifically
on diabetes. This review compiles recent published evidence on the e ects of the Mediterranean
diet on the incidence and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its relation with several other
cardiovascular healthy diets. We will also focus on how the Mediterranean diet could play a role
in T2D-related mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory or antioxidant compounds, glucagon-like
peptide agonist compounds, and changes in gut microbiota. Each component of the Mediterranean
diet could be involved in processes related to diabetes homeostasis, many of them sharing common
physio-pathological pathways. The importance of this diet within the set of habits of a healthy
lifestyle must be emphasized.Instituto de Salud Carlos III
European Union (EU)
PI18/00020
JR17/0002
Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial
Objective: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) associations
between dietary diversity (DD) and depressive symptoms.
Design: An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed using a
validated FFQ and was categorised into quartiles (Q). The variety in each food
group was classified into four categories of diversity (C). Depressive symptoms
were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck II) questionnaire and
depression cases defined as physician-diagnosed or Beck II >= 18. Linear and
logistic regression models were used.
Setting: Spanish older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Participants: A total of 6625 adults aged 55–75 years from the PREDIMED-Plus
study with overweight or obesity and MetS.
Results: Total DDS was inversely and statistically significantly associated with
depression in the cross-sectional analysis conducted; OR Q4 v. Q1= 0·76 (95 %
CI (0·64, 0·90)). This was driven by high diversity compared to low diversity
(C3 v. C1) of vegetables (OR = 0·75, 95 % CI (0·57, 0·93)), cereals (OR = 0·72
(95 % CI (0·56, 0·94)) and proteins (OR = 0·27, 95 % CI (0·11, 0·62)). In the longitudinal
analysis, there was no significant association between the baseline DDS
and changes in depressive symptoms after 2 years of follow-up, except for DD
in vegetables C4 v. C1 = (β = 0·70, 95 % CI (0·05, 1·35)).
Conclusions: According to our results, DD is inversely associated with depressive
symptoms, but eating more diverse does not seem to reduce the risk of future
depression. Additional longitudinal studies (with longer follow-up) are needed
to confirm these findings.European Research Council (ERC)
European Commission 340918official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish Government, ISCIII through the Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud (FIS) - European Regional Development Fund PI13/00673
PI13/00492
PI13/00272
PI13/01123
PI13/00462
PI13/00233
PI13/02184
PI13/00728
PI13/01090
PI13/01056
PI14/01722
PI14/00636
PI14/00618
PI14/00696
PI14/01206
PI14/01919
PI14/00853
PI14/01374La Caixa Foundation 2013ACUP00194Junta de Andalucia PI0458/2013
PS0358/2016
PI0137/2018Center for Forestry Research & Experimentation (CIEF)European Commission PROMETEO/2017/017CIBEROBNEuropean Commission CB06/03Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIInternational Nut&Dried Fruit Council-FESNAD Ndegreesnd longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial 201302
SEMERGEN
PI16/00473
PI16/00662
PI16/01873
PI16/01094
PI16/00501
PI16/00533
PI16/00381
PI16/00366
PI16/01522
PI16/01120
PI17/00764
PI17/01183
PI17/00855
PI17/01347
PI17/00525
PI17/01827
PI17/00532
PI17/00215
PI17/01441
PI17/00508
PI17/01732
PI17/0092
Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Their Association with Gestational Weight Gain and Nutrient Adequacy
Several epidemiologic studies have shown an association between GestationalWeight Gain (GWG) and o spring complications. The GWG is directly linked to maternal dietary intake and women’s nutritional status during pregnancy. The aim of this study was (1) to assess, in a sample of Spanish pregnant women, the association between maternal dietary patterns and GWG and (2) to assess maternal dietary patterns and nutrient adequate intake according to GWG. A retrospective study was conducted in a sample of 503 adult pregnant women in five hospitals in Eastern Andalusia (Spain). Data on demographic characteristics, anthropometric values, and dietary intake were collected from clinical records by trained midwives. Usual food intake was gathered through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and dietary patterns were obtained by principal component analysis. Nutrient adequacy was defined according to European dietary intake recommendations for pregnant women. Regression models adjusted by confounding factors were constructed to study the association between maternal dietary pattern and GWG, and maternal dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy. A negative association was found between GWG and the Mediterranean dietary pattern (crude = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.11, -0.04). Independent of maternal dietary pattern, nutrient adequacy of dietary fiber, vitamin B9, D, E, and iodine was related to a Mediterranean dietary pattern (p < 0.05). A Mediterranean dietary pattern is related to lower GWG and better nutrient adequacy. The promotion of healthy dietary behavior consistent with the general advice promoted by the Mediterranean Diet (based on legumes, vegetables, nuts, olive oil, and whole cereals) will o er healthful, sustainable, and practical strategies to control GWG and ensure adequate nutrient intake during pregnancy.National Institute of Health Carlos III
PI11/0219
Alcohol use and family‑related factors among Spanish university students: the unHicos project
Background: During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated. Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi- Square test and Student’s T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association. Results: The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2–17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9–48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72; p < 0.001 and women OR = 1.74; p < 0.001) and family history of consumption (p = 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association. The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in
university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and
greater social support from health services.National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain 2010|145
2013|034
PI16/0194
Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: An Umbrella Review
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health concern, especially during
pregnancy, and needs to be urgently addressed. In order to establish effective actions for the
prevention of IPV during pregnancy, authorities must be aware of the real burden of IPV. This review
aimed to summarize the existing evidence about IPV prevalence during pregnancy worldwide.
Methods: A review of reviews was carried out. All published systematic reviews and meta-analyses
published until October 2020 were identified through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The main
outcome was the IPV prevalence during pregnancy. Results: A total of 12 systematic reviews were
included in the review, 5 of them including meta-analysis. The quality of the reviews was variable.
Physical IPV during pregnancy showed a wide range (1.6–78%), as did psychological IPV (1.8–67.4%).
Conclusions: Available data about IPV prevalence during pregnancy were of low quality and showed
high figures for physical and psychological IPV. The existing evidence syntheses do not capture the
totality of the worldwide disease burden of IPV in pregnancy.Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of the Spanish Governmen
Prevalence of Depression and Fish Consumption among First Year Spanish University Students: UniHcos Project
The World Health Organization estimates that one fifth of university students have experienced
major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. Nutrition may be one of the modifiable
factors that influence the development of depression. Specifically, low omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin
D levels, both nutrients found in high quantities in fish, have been linked to depressive disorders.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression among young Spanish
university students, in addition to the pattern of fish consumption among students and the possible
relationship between fish consumption and the presence of depression. Data were collected retrospectively
from a nationally representative sample of 11,485 Spanish university students aged 18 years
or older in 11 Spanish universities, from 2012 to 2022. The respondents were analyzed according to
frequency of consumption and compliance with weekly recommendations for fish intake and the
presence of depression. Regression models were also performed to determine students’ odds of depression
as a function of compliance with recommendations according to selected sociodemographic variables. The prevalence of depression was 10.5%; it was more prevalent in women, older students
and in those with both high and low BMIs. In addition, it was also more prevalent in those that lived
outside the family home, with roommates and those who were employed. Sixty-seven percent of the
students met the fish intake recommendations. The most common frequency of fish consumption
was 1–2 times/week (44.2%), and the least frequent was 2.3% daily fish consumption. Students from
northern universities were more likely to consume fish (68.4%) than those from southern universities
(66.4%). Non-consumption of fish was found to increase the risk of depression (ORa = 1.45 (1.28–1.64);
AF = 31.0% (21.9–39.0)), but it was the student’s own conditions that had the greatest influence on the
development of the disorder. In summary, a lower consumption of fish seems to be associated with a
higher incidence of depression in Spanish university students; however, other social factors of the
student may influence the development of the disorder, and all of this should be taken into account
for the development of prevention strategies.variables. The prevalence of depression was 10.5%; it was more prevalent in women, older students
and in those with both high and low BMIs. In addition, it was also more prevalent in those that lived
outside the family home, with roommates and those who were employed. Sixty-seven percent of the
students met the fish intake recommendations. The most common frequency of fish consumption
was 1–2 times/week (44.2%), and the least frequent was 2.3% daily fish consumption. Students from
northern universities were more likely to consume fish (68.4%) than those from southern universities
(66.4%). Non-consumption of fish was found to increase the risk of depression (ORa = 1.45 (1.28–1.64);
AF = 31.0% (21.9–39.0)), but it was the student’s own conditions that had the greatest influence on the
development of the disorder. In summary, a lower consumption of fish seems to be associated with a
higher incidence of depression in Spanish university students; however, other social factors of the
student may influence the development of the disorder, and all of this should be taken into account
for the development of prevention strategies.National Drug Plan from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain 2010|145
2013|034
2020|030nstituto de Salud Carlos III
Spanish Government PI16/0194
Effect of cocoa's theobromine on intestinal microbiota of rats
SCOPE: To establish the role of cocoa theobromine on gut microbiota composition and fermentation products after cocoa consumption in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lewis rats were fed either a standard diet (RF diet), a diet containing 10% cocoa (CC diet) or a diet including 0.25% theobromine (TB diet) for 15 days. Gut microbiota (fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled to flow cytometry and metagenomics analysis), SCFA and IgA-coated bacteria were analyzed in fecal samples. CC and TB diets induced lower counts of E. coli whereas TB diet led to lower counts of Bifidobacterium spp., Streptococcus spp. and Clostridium histolyticum-C. perfingens group compared to RF diet. Metagenomics analysis also revealed a different microbiota pattern among the studied groups. The SCFA content was higher after both CC and TB diets, which was mainly due to enhanced butyric acid production. Furthermore, both diets decreased the proportion of IgA-coated bacteria. CONCLUSION: Cocoa's theobromine plays a relevant role in some effects related to cocoa intake, such as the lower proportion of IgA-coated bacteria. Moreover, theobromine modifies gut microbiota although other cocoa compounds could also act on intestinal bacteria, attenuating or enhancing the theobromine effects
Caffeine Intake throughout Pregnancy, and Factors Associated with Non-Compliance with Recommendations: A Cohort Study
Maternal caffeine consumption is associated with adverse gestational outcomes. The aim
of this study was to assess the intake of caffeine and factors associated with the non-adherence to
caffeine intake recommendations in a cohort of 463 women before (T0) and in each trimester of
gestation (T1, T2, and T3), by using validated questionnaires. Caffeine intake (median (mg/day),
IQR) was 100.0 (181.1) at T0, 9.42 (66.2) at T1, 12.5 (65.6) at T2, and 14.0 (61.1) at T3 (p < 0.001).
Non-compliance prevalence (intake > 200 mg/day) was 6.2% at T1, 4.2% at T2, and 2.7% at T3. Not
being an active smoker at T1 (OR = 0.17; 95% CI 0.05–0.59) and T2 (OR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.09–0.52),
adherence to the Mediterranean Diet at T1 (OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.28–0.88) and T2 (OR = 0.39; 95%
CI 0.15–1.02), and moderate physical activity at T1 (OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.28–0.88) were inversely
associated with caffeine consumption. Although caffeine intake may be considered low, intake
prevalence increases throughout pregnancy. Although the main source of caffeine during pregnancy
is coffee, attention must be also paid to the increasingly intake of chocolate, of which the effect
during pregnancy is controversial. Smoking, non-adherence to a good quality diet, and light physical
activity are associated with a higher caffeine intake and a lower compliance with caffeine intake
recommendations. Perinatal dietary and lifestyle educational policies are needed.(PROY-PP 2015-01) University
of Granad
Contribution of cardio-vascular risk factors to depressive status in the PREDIMED-PLUS Trial. A cross-sectional and a 2-year longitudinal study
Background
Cardio-vascular disease and depression are thought to be closely related, due to shared
risk factors. The aim of the study was to determine the association between cardio-vascular
risk (CVR) factors and depressive status in a population (55–75 years) with metabolic syn drome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial.
Methods and findings
Participants were classified into three groups of CVR according to the Framingham-based
REGICOR function: (1) low (LR), (2) medium (MR) or (3) high/very high (HR). The Beck
Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms at baseline and
after 2 years. The association between CVR and depressive status at baseline (n = 6545),
and their changes after 2 years (n = 4566) were evaluated through multivariable regression
models (logistic and linear models). HR women showed higher odds of depressive status
than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.26, 2.50)]. MR and HR participants with total cholesterol
<160 mg/mL showed higher odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.77 (1.13, 2.77)
and 2.83 (1.25, 6.42) respectively)] but those with total cholesterol �280 mg/mL showed
lower odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 0.26 (0.07, 0.98) and 0.23 (0.05, 0.95),
respectively]. All participants decreased their BDI-II score after 2 years, being the decrease
smaller in MR and HR diabetic compared to LR [adjusted mean±SE = -0.52±0.20, -0.41
±0.27 and -1.25±0.31 respectively). MR and HR participants with total cholesterol between
240–279 mg/mL showed greater decreases in the BDI-II score compared to LR (adjusted
mean±SE = -0.83±0.37, -0.77±0.64 and 0.97±0.52 respectively).
Conclusions
Improving cardiovascular health could prevent the onset of depression in the elderly. Diabe tes and total cholesterol in individuals at high CVR, may play a specific role in the precise
response. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870).
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality worldwide [1], and increas
Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Their Association with Gestational Weight Gain and Nutrient Adequacy.
Several epidemiologic studies have shown an association between Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) and offspring complications. The GWG is directly linked to maternal dietary intake and women's nutritional status during pregnancy. The aim of this study was (1) to assess, in a sample of Spanish pregnant women, the association between maternal dietary patterns and GWG and (2) to assess maternal dietary patterns and nutrient adequate intake according to GWG. A retrospective study was conducted in a sample of 503 adult pregnant women in five hospitals in Eastern Andalusia (Spain). Data on demographic characteristics, anthropometric values, and dietary intake were collected from clinical records by trained midwives. Usual food intake was gathered through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and dietary patterns were obtained by principal component analysis. Nutrient adequacy was defined according to European dietary intake recommendations for pregnant women. Regression models adjusted by confounding factors were constructed to study the association between maternal dietary pattern and GWG, and maternal dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy. A negative association was found between GWG and the Mediterranean dietary pattern (crude β = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.11, -0.04). Independent of maternal dietary pattern, nutrient adequacy of dietary fiber, vitamin B9, D, E, and iodine was related to a Mediterranean dietary pattern (p < 0.05). A Mediterranean dietary pattern is related to lower GWG and better nutrient adequacy. The promotion of healthy dietary behavior consistent with the general advice promoted by the Mediterranean Diet (based on legumes, vegetables, nuts, olive oil, and whole cereals) will offer healthful, sustainable, and practical strategies to control GWG and ensure adequate nutrient intake during pregnancy
- …