Beyond Rehabilitation: Constitutional Violations Associated with the Isolation and Discrimination of Transgender Youth in the Juvenile Justice System

The juvenile justice system is predicated on a theory of rehabilitation with concern for protecting juveniles and society. For lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (“LGBT”) youth, however, the system has developed into a punitive arrangement. LGBT youth face higher rates of criminalization and incarceration for non-violent crimes than any other group of youth. They also face unique threats, including sexual, physical, and emotional harassment; isolation; and a lack of medical care. Transgender youth are especially impacted. In response, victims have increasingly brought constitutional claims against federal prison officials for unconstitutional conditions of confinement. The courts are inconsistent on whether the judiciary should utilize the protections of the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause or the Eighth Amendment’s proscription against cruel and unusual punishment to evaluate juvenile conditions of confinement cases. This Note weighs the two approaches to determine that the due process clause is more protective of transgender and LGBT juveniles more broadly

\u3cem\u3eTurkmen v. Hasty\u3c/em\u3e: The Second Circuit Holds Highest Ranking Law Enforcement Officials Accountable for Post-9/11 Policies Infringing on Constitutional Rights

On June 17, 2015, in Turkmen v. Hasty, the Second Circuit of the U.S. Court of Appeals affirmed in part the order of the U.S. District Court for the District of New York. This order denied motions to dismiss due process and equal protection claims for damages against federal officials, a cause of action created by the U.S. Supreme Court in Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (“Bivens”). The claims in Turkmen arose from the detainment and treatment of men perceived to be “Arab or Muslim” after 9/11. This Comment argues that the Second Circuit properly decided this case per the Bivens test without extending Bivens into a new context. This Comment also asserts that national security does not justify limitations on the constitution-al obligations of federal officials toward those in their care. Last, this Comment argues that qualified immunity should be limited for Bivens claims regarding national security actions

Cheating Death, Combat Air Rescues in Vietnam and Laos

Hear the exciting story of George Marrett’s year as a “Sandy” rescue pilot with the 602d Fighter Squadron in 1968-69. Flying from Thailand they helped rescue downed USAF & USN pilots in Laos and Vietnam. He flew the WW II vintage Douglas A-1 Skyraider and completed 188 combat missions ; 600 combat hours. Flying low and slow, at treetop level, in all weather, it was truly hazardous duty every day

"Sing with Liz Callaway".

The creation of a performance-ready score which comprises vocal-with- instrumental arrangements of a suite of numbers for performance by Liz Callaway, a renowned Broadway performer, together with four-part chorus and orchestra. Works featured in the project are composed by key figures in the development of contemporary musical theatre, including Stephen Sondheim (Merrily We Roll Along, Follies, Sunday In The Park With George), Lyn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty (Anastasia), David Shire and Richard Maltby Jr. (Baby), Claude-Michel Schonberg and Alain Boubil (Miss Saigon), Stephen Schwartz (The Baker’s Wife), Andrew Lloyd Webber (Cats, Evita), David Zippel and Lex de Azevedo (The Swan Princess). Additionally, Liz Callaway is a respected exponent of the American Popular Songbook, having recorded and performed in cabaret, treatments of songs by writers such as Hal David and Burt Bacharach, James Taylor and Jimmy Webb

A View From The Field: Urban Special Education Directors\u27 Perceptions Of Essential Competencies For Newly Appointed Special

The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine what competencies urban directors of special education perceived to be essential for newly appointed urban special education administrators. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were generated to investigate the underlying factors in competencies perceived by urban special education directors to be essential for newly appointed special education administrators and to investigate the relationship between years of experience as a director of special education and these underlying factors. A factor analysis revealed that there were three underlying factors reported to be essential for newly appointed special education administrators. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the relationship between the years of experience as a director of special education and the underlying factors (Management, Instruction and Change; Supervision of Faculty; and Team Building Skills) was not statistically significant. A post hoc test was conducted to further detect differences in years of experience as an urban director of special education and the underlying factors. The results were sufficient to reject the null hypotheses in both cases

Survival Analysis and Computer Simulations of Lethal and Contraceptive Management Strategies for Urban Deer

I monitored survival of 34 female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Bloomington, Minnesota, from October 1996 to December 1999. Twenty deer died: nineteen were killed by vehicles, and one was killed in a deer-removal program conducted by an adjacent suburb. Summer survival was high and varied little over the 3 years of study (range = 0.93 to 0.95). Fall survival ranged from 0.84 to 1.00, and winter survival was generally high during the 3 years of study, except during a severe winter (range = 0.72 to 0.95). I calculated population growth rates (λ) from Leslie matrix projections, using these survival estimates and productivity data collected from road-killed female deer in the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) metropolitan area. When winter survival was high (0.94), my model simulations indicated the Bloomington deer population increased by 21% when no deer management program was in place. When a low winter survival rate (0.72) was modeled, the population decreased by 7%, even when no deer management program was implemented. I modeled what impact contraception may have on population growth and concluded that treating \u3e50% of adult female deer was necessary to stabilize population growth, and treating all females was necessary to decrease population growth under high winter survival conditions. I concluded that removal programs are more effective than immunocontraception programs because survival contributes more to population growth rates in deer populations than fecundity. I recommend removing 20% and 40% of adult female deer in the population to cause the population to stabilize or to reduce deer numbers, respectively. I recommend managers collect deer–vehicle collision data because these data potentially represent the most accurate and easily-obtainable life history component of an urban deer herd

Identificación y diseño del controlador para un sistema regulador de temperatura en un cuarto térmico.

La identificación de sistemas construye modelos matemáticos de sistemas dinámicos basándose en las entradas y salidas observadas. Aunque una parte sustancial del desarrollo de las técnicas está ligado a la Comunidad de Control, la identificación de sistemas está básicamente construida a partir de técnicas estadísticas, en particular en los métodos de regresión lineal y no-lineal. Construir modelos para sistemas desconocidos es un objetivo importante de la Ingeniería de control. Estos modelos necesitan simular el comportamiento real en los casos en que existe un conocimiento previo limitado de la estructura del sistema. El diseño de un controlador continuo o discreto, ya sea mediante técnicas clásicas o en variables de estado, requiere de un modelo de la planta a controlar que caracterice su comportamiento dinámico. Este modelo permite al diseñador realizar y validar mediante simulación el ajuste de los parámetros del controlador que permiten obtener una respuesta que satisfaga las especificaciones de diseño. En este proyecto de graduación se estudian diferentes alternativas para obtener el modelo de un sistema como paso previo al diseño de un controlador.ESPO

Bullet Fragmentation and Lead Deposition in White-Tailed Deer and Domestic Sheep

In February 2008, a private physician in North Dakota radiographed hunterharvested venison and found that 60 of 100 packages contained metal fragments. This discovery had implications for public-funded venison donation programs, and it prompted several Midwest states to examine their programs. Approximately 500,000 deer hunters harvest \u3e200,000 deer annually in Minnesota, and the state has a donation program similar to North Dakota’s program. Therefore, we analyzed fragmentation patterns and lead deposition in carcasses of 8 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and 72 domestic sheep (Ovis aries). We fired 5 different bullet types from centerfire rifles, and we also fired projectiles from both a shotgun and a black-powder muzzleloader. Centerfire bullets, which are designed to expand quickly upon impacting the animal, left bullet fragments and lead deposits throughout the entire abdominal cavity of carcasses. We also used 2 types of centerfire bullets that were purportedly designed to resist fragmentation. One of these bullet types had fragmentation patterns and lead deposition rates similar to the rapid-expanding bullets; the other bullet type resisted fragmentation, and no lead was detected in muscle tissue that we sampled. Centerfire bullets made from copper resisted fragmentation, and of course did not deposit any lead in muscle tissues. Projectiles fired from the shotgun and black-powder muzzleloader did deposit lead into carcasses but did not fragment as much as bullets fired from centerfire rifles. Our study suggests that rinsing the abdominal cavity may spread the lead contaminant to other areas of the carcass, thereby worsening the contamination situation. We suggest that hunters who use centerfire rifles and are concerned about lead exposure should purchase a bullet type that resists fragmentation