Metodologías analíticas aplicadas al D003, nuevo ingrediente activo obtenido de la cera de la caña de azúcar

El D003 es un nuevo ingrediente activo, formado por una mezcla de ácidos grasos saturados lineales entre 24 a 36 átomos de carbono, el cual es aislado y purificado a partir de la cera de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) y ha mostrado efecto hipolipemiante, antiagregante plaquetario, anti-oxidante y antiosteopor ótico. A partir de este ingrediente activo se han elaborado suspensiones acuosas para los estudios preclínicos y tabletas con dosis de 5 y 10 mg, todo lo cual ha requerido el desarrollo y validación de metodologías analíticas por cromatograf ía de gases para su determinación en las diferentes formas en que se le utiliza. Estas metodologías se basan en el empleo de una columna semicapilar DB-5 y del ácido 1-nonadecanoico como patrón interno. Los ácidos grasos son analizados como ésteres metílicos, para cuya formación se usa una disolución de ácido clorhídrico al 5 % en metanol. Los resultados de las validaciones demostraron que estas metodolog ías son específicas, al no haber interferencias de otros componentes en las señales de los ácidos grasos, ni siquiera al someter previamente los productos a condiciones extremas de degradación. Estas metodologías también resultaron lineales (coeficientes de correlación > 0,99) y exactas (recobrados totales entre 99,6 y 100,3 %) entre el 50 y el 150 % de las masas nominales. La repetibilidad, precisión intermedia y reproducibilidad en las determinaciones presentaron coeficientes de variación < 2,1 %

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Modulation of glial responses by furanocembranolides: Leptolide diminishes microglial inflammation in vitro and ameliorates gliosis in vivo in a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance

This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Compounds and Inflammation II.Neurodegenerative diseases are age-related disorders caused by progressive neuronal death in different regions of the nervous system. Neuroinflammation, modulated by glial cells, is a crucial event during the neurodegenerative process; consequently, there is an urgency to find new therapeutic products with anti-glioinflammatory properties. Five new furanocembranolides (1-5), along with leptolide, were isolated from two different extracts of Leptogorgia sp., and compound 6 was obtained from chemical transformation of leptolide. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic evidence. These seven furanocembranolides were screened in vitro by measuring their ability to modulate interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production by microglial BV2 cells after LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimulation. Leptolide and compounds 3, 4 and 6 exhibited clear anti-inflammatory effects on microglial cells, while compound 2 presented a pro-inflammatory outcome. The in vitro results prompted us to assess anti-glioinflammatory effects of leptolide in vivo in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. Interestingly, leptolide treatment ameliorated both microgliosis and astrogliosis in this animal model. Taken together, our results reveal a promising direct biological effect of furanocembranolides on microglial cells as bioactive anti-inflammatory molecules. Among them, leptolide provides us a feasible therapeutic approach to treat neuroinflammation concomitant with metabolic impairment.This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grants BFU2015-68149-R to MDG, SAF2016-77871-C2-1R to ICC, and SAF2009-0839 and RTA 2015-00010-C03-02 to MC) and by Consejería de Educación Junta Castilla y León (grant VA086G18 to MDG) and was cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund. MCG was supported by a University of Valladolid Ph.D. fellowship (call#2016). ARDM acknowledges support from Agustin de Betancourt Programme (Cabildo de Tenerife, TFinnova Programme supported by MEDI and FDCAN funds). A.B.G. would like to thank Convenio Universidad de Magallanes, programa interno PR-F2-01-CRN18-19 (Chile), and CSIC, project 2009CL0031, for financial support.Peer reviewe

NTS, NTSR1 and ERs in the Pituitary–Gonadal Axis of Cycling and Postnatal Female Rats after BPA Treatment

The neuropeptide neurotensin (NTS) is involved in regulating the reproductive axis and is expressed at each level of this axis (hypothalamus–pituitary–gonads). This dependence on estrogen levels has been widely demonstrated in the hypothalamus and pituitary. We focused on confirming the relationship of NTS with estrogens and the gonadal axis, using a particularly important environmental estrogenic molecule, bisphenol-A (BPA). Based on the experimental models or in vitro cell studies, it has been shown that BPA can negatively affect reproductive function. We studied for the first time the action of an exogenous estrogenic substance on the expression of NTS and estrogen receptors in the pituitary-gonadal axis during prolonged in vivo exposure. The exposure to BPA at 0.5 and 2 mg/kg body weight per day during gestation and lactation was monitored through indirect immunohistochemical procedures applied to the pituitary and ovary sections. Our results demonstrate that BPA induces alterations in the reproductive axis of the offspring, mainly after the first postnatal week. The rat pups exposed to BPA exhibited accelerated sexual maturation to puberty. There was no effect on the number of rats born per litter, although the fewer primordial follicles suggest a shorter fertile life

Prevalencia del déficit de vitamina D y su relación con la hormona paratiroidea

Evaluamos la prevalencia del déficit de la 25-hidroxivitamina D (25-(OH)D) en nuestro entorno, en función de la estación del año, el sexo y la edad de los sujetos. Así mismo, analizamos su relación con los niveles de la hormona paratiroidea (PTH)

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and association with parathyroid hormone

We evaluated the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) deficiency in our setting according to season, sex, and age. We also studied the association with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels

A novel non-stochastic quadratic fingerprints-based approach for the 'in silico' discovery of new antitrypanosomal compounds

A non-stochastic quadratic fingerprints-based approach is introduced to classify and design, in a rational way, new antitrypanosomal compounds. A data set of 153 organic chemicals, 62 with antitrypanosomal activity and 91 having other clinical uses, was processed by a k-means cluster analysis to design training and predicting data sets. Afterwards, a linear classification function was derived allowing the discrimination between active and inactive compounds. The model classifies correctly more than 93% of chemicals in both training and external prediction groups. The predictability of this discriminant function was also assessed by a leave-group-out experiment, in which 10% of the compounds were removed at random at each time and their activity predicted a posteriori. In addition, a comparison with models generated using four well-known families of 2D molecular descriptors was carried out. As an experiment of virtual lead generation, the present TOMOCOMD approach was finally satisfactorily applied on the virtual evaluation of 10 already synthesized compounds. The in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of this series against epimastigotes forms of Trypanosomal cruzi was assayed. The model was able to predict correctly the behaviour of these compounds in 90% of the cases. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe