Broadband phased array antenna steering by means of coherent signal combining in an integrated ring resonator-based optical beamformer

A squint-free, continuously tunable optical beamformer for broadband phased array receive antennas is proposed. The complete system is demonstrated, including E/O and O/E conversions, and optical signal processing. The latter involves delay synchronization and coherent optical combining, which is performed in an integrated ring resonator-based optical beam forming network, realized in low-loss, CMOScompatible TriPleX technology. Successful combination of four beamformer input channels has been demonstrated by means of RF-to-RF measurements

Novel ring resonator-based optical beamformer system and experimental results

A novel squint-free, continuously tunable beamformer mechanism for a phased array antenna system is proposed. It consists of filter-based optical single-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation, a fully integrated optical beam forming network using cascades of optical ring resonators as tunable delay elements, and balanced coherent optical detection. The proposed system brings advantages in optical bandwidth requirement, system complexity, and dynamic range, without introducing the problem of beam squint or limited tuning resolution. Some experimental results are presented in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concept

Optical phase synchronization in coherent optical beamformers for phased array receive antennas

An optical phase synchronization system using a power feedback loop technique is experimentally demonstrated. The system allows coherent combining of signals modulated on the same optical carrier in a hybrid optical beam forming system setup

Phased array receive antenna steering system using a ring resonator-based optical beam forming network and filter-based optical SSB-SC modulation

A novel phased array receive antenna steering system is introduced. The core of this system is an optical ring resonator-based broadband, continuously tunable optical beam forming network (OBFN). In the proposed system architecture, filter-based optical single-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation and balanced coherent optical detection are used. \ud Such architecture has significant advantages over a straightforward architecture using optical double-sideband modulation and direct optical detection, namely relaxed bandwidth requirements on the optical modulators and detectors, reduced complexity of the OBFN chip, and enhanced dynamic range. Initial measurements on an actual 1×8 OBFN chip and an optical sideband filter chip are presented. Both are realized in CMOS-compatible planar optical waveguide technology.\u

Umpasa dalam Upacara Adat Kematian Saur Matua Masyarakat Batak Toba di Nagasaribu Kecamatan Lintongnihuta Kabupaten Humabang Hasundutan

This research talked about forms and rhyme of umpasa or maxim on ceremony for the death people who had been saur matua (people whose all their children already got merried) on Tobanese people who lived at Nagasaribu, Lintongnihuta Subdistric, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. This research used kualitative and descriptive metode which was aimed to describe the problem based on reality. This research used death ceremony process for saur matua as the object by using literally datas by doing some interview and classifying the datas which were got from the video of the ceremony. This research finaly got the conclusion that there instruction from umpasa, diksi from umpasa and three forms of umpasa, they were: umpasa with two lines,with the second last umpasa with four lines and the last umpasa with six lines. While there were four roles of umpasa, they were: religious, morality, kinship, conference. And based on the analysis of the data s there were eight rhymes that found on the ceremony, they were: start middle rhyme, finish rhyme, incomplete rhyme, cluster rhyme, uneven rhyme, interlude rhyme, clasp rhyme

Design of a ring resonator-based optical beam forming network for phased array receive antennas

A novel squint-free ring resonator-based optical beam forming network (OBFN) for phased array antennas (PAA) is proposed. It is intended to provide broadband connectivity to airborne platforms via geostationary satellites. In this paper, we present the design of the OBFN and its control system. Our goal is to deliver large bandwidth Ku-band connectivity between antennas, mount conformal to the airplane fuselage and on a geostationary satellite, respectively.This way it would be possible to bring live DVB-S television to airplane passengers. In this paper, we present recent research conducted on a 4 × 1 ring resonator-based OBFN test set-up. This OBFN has four optical input ports and one optical output port. It is tuned to provide the desired signal combination with optimal constructive interference between the modulated input signals from the PAA. Therefore, combining circuitry and delay elements are required. The OBFN is tuned by electrically heating tunable true time delay (TTD) elements. These are built using optical ring resonators (ORRs). By cascading multiple ORRs with different resonance frequencies, it is possible to create a TTD with a large bandwidth. Optical beam forming is used because it provides advantages over traditional beam forming methods. These advantages are: large bandwidth, EMI resistance, and, when integrated onto a single chip, compactness and low costs. The OBFN is created using planar optical waveguide technology and consists of the following building blocks: waveguides, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, (MZIs) couplers and ORRs. The tuning of the OBFN is done by an electronic control system using a microcontroller. Communication with a PC is possible using USB. To our knowledge, this is the first integrated ORR-based OBFN circuit for PAA satellite reception

Uji Resistensi Beberapa Kultivar Markisa Asam Terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium

. Saragih, Y. S., F. H. Silalahi, and A. E. Marpaung. 2006. Resistance test of some passionfruit cultivars to fusarium wilt. The aim of this experiment was to find out tolerant passion fruit cultivar to fusarium wilt. The experiment was conducted at Fruit Plantation Experiment Garden Berastagi, since January-December 2004. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The treatments were 2 factors (1) cultivars of passionfruit (grafting, Deli Serdang cultivar, Simalungun cultivar, cultivar from the forest), (2) Trichoderma koningii (without T. koningii/control and with T. koningii). The results indicated that cultivar from Deli Serdang was resistant to fusarium wilt disease with 0% of with intensity and percentage of disease incident. Trichoderma koningii was able to suppress fusarium wilt disease incident up to 15% and disease intensity up to 8.4% compare to control

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana terhadap Perkawinan Poligami tanpa Persetujuan Istri yang Sah (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 330k/pid/2012)

Criminal Responsibility is the continuation of reproach objective of the offenses and subjective to a person eligible to be sent to jail for his actions. Criminal Rensponsibility lead to comprehension basically bear the punishment of the perpetrators of criminal acts. Elements of criminal responsibility among others unlawful act, error, delibérate, responsable abilities. Arranged in polygamous marriage law No 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Goverment Regulation No 9 of 1975 on The implementation of the law of Marriage and Compilation of Islamic law for the adherents of the religión of Islam. Polygamous marriages that do not meet the requirements as specified by law No 1of 1974 concerning Marriage, Goverment Regulation No 9 of 1975 in The implementation of the law of Marriage and Compilation of Islamic, one of them without the consent of the lawful wife (Study of The Supreme Court Decisión No 330K./Pid/2012) a criminal offensed. Criminal sanctions stipilated in Article 45 letter a Goverment Regulation No 9 of 1975 on The Implementation of the law of Marriage which is the crime of administration and also subject to the providions of Article 279 paragraph 1 of The Criminal Code which is a crime against civil position. This study was conducted to determine the criminal responsibility of the polygamous marriage without the consent of the legitimate wife (Study of The Supreme Court Decision No 330K/Pid/2012). Type of research is the study of normative. This study uses data collection methods legal literature. Data analysis was done qualitatively, making it easier to analyze the problems which will be discussed later , interpret and draw conclusions. Based of the result obtained can be concluded consideration of the judge to criminal liability study of The Supreme Court Decision No 330K/Pid/2012 polygamous marriage without the consent of the legitimate wife. The judge believes the defendant meets the criminal elements set forth in the provisions of Article 279 paragraph 1 of The Criminal Code and the defendant has meet the elements of criminal responsibility is unlawful act, error, delibérate, responsable abilities

RF photonics technology for phased array antenna applications

One of the key research topics of the Telecommunication Engineering (TE) Group at the University of Twente (UT) is RF Photonics. The aim of this field is to develop schemes that utilize the advantages of optical technology for performing RF functions in wireless communication systems. Examples of such functions are high-frequency filtering, frequency conversion, antenna remoting, and beam forming for phased array antennas. The TE Group is currently involved in several Senter and NIVR projects on RF Photonics that are related to phased array antenna applications

A compact and reconfigurable silicon nitride time-bin entanglement circuit

Photonic chip based time-bin entanglement has attracted significant attention because of its potential for quantum communication and computation. Useful time-bin entanglement systems must be able to generate, manipulate and analyze entangled photons on a photonic chip for stable, scalable and reconfigurable operation. Here we report the first time-bin entanglement photonic chip that integrates time-bin generation, wavelength demultiplexing and entanglement analysis. A two-photon interference fringe with an 88.4% visibility is measured (without subtracting any noise), indicating the high performance of the chip. Our approach, based on a silicon nitride photonic circuit, which combines the low-loss characteristic of silica and tight integration features of silicon, paves the way for scalable real-world quantum information processors.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure