Towards Prioritizing Documentation Effort

Programmers need documentation to comprehend software, but they often lack the time to write it. Thus, programmers must prioritize their documentation effort to ensure that sections of code important to program comprehension are thoroughly explained. In this paper, we explore the possibility of automatically prioritizing documentation effort. We performed two user studies to evaluate the effectiveness of static source code attributes and textual analysis of source code towards prioritizing documentation effort. The first study used open-source API Libraries while the second study was conducted using closed-source industrial software from ABB. Our findings suggest that static source code attributes are poor predictors of documentation effort priority, whereas textual analysis of source code consistently performed well as a predictor of documentation effort priority

057 A simple prediction score for significant renal artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease

BackgroundRenal artery stenosis (RAS) is a strong independent predictor of mortality in patients (pts) with coronary artery disease (CAD).Aim of studyTo develop and validate a score predicting RAS in patients with CAD.MethodsThree hundred consecutive pts (50 females) with significant CAD underwent abdominal aortography following coronary angiography to screen for significant RAS defined as luminal narrowing of > 50%. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed comparing pts with and without RAS. Significant factors associated with RAS were included in constructing a score that predicts RAS.The score was internally validated in pts randomly selected from the entire study group (validation group; n=103), using ROC curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.ResultsTwenty-seven pts (9%) had a significant RAS. Univariate predictors of significant RAS were: age > 65 years (OR=4.5, p < 0.0001), hypertension (OR=3.6, p=0.001), and female gender (OR=3.6, p=0.015). We found a tendency of more prevalent renal insufficiency (37.1% vs. 21.5%; p=0.05) and the presence of 2 or more significant CAD lesions (70.4% vs. 50.9%; p=0.05) in pts with RAS.Multivariate analysis showed that age > 65 years (OR=4.1%, 95% CI=1.6-10.3, p=0.003) and hypertension (OR=3.1, 95% CI=1.2-7.7, p=0.015) were independent predictors of RAS. The ranged from 0 to 7: 2 points for age > 65 years and hypertension 1 point for female gender, renal insufficiency, and > 3-vessel disease). Internal validation showed a good performance (ROC curve = 0.79 and Chi2 Lemeshow = 3.45). For a score < 2, the negative predictive value is 98%. Applying this criteria, 48.3% of our population would not require systematic abdominal angiography.ConclusionThe performance of our predictive score was good, and significant reduction in the need to perform systematic abdominal aortography could be expected with the use of this score

Medical costs of children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit: The role and possible economic impact of WES in early diagnosis

Contains fulltext : 250182.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access

Volatile compounds emitted by diverse phytopathogenic microorganisms promote plant growth and flowering through cytokinin action

Sánchez-López, Ángela María et al.It is known that volatile emissions from some beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms promote plant growth. Here we show that volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by phylogenetically diverse rhizosphere and non-rhizhosphere bacteria and fungi (including plant pathogens and microbes that do not normally interact mutualistically with plants) promote growth and flowering of various plant species, including crops. In Arabidopsis plants exposed to VCs emitted by the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata, changes included enhancement of photosynthesis and accumulation of high levels of cytokinins (CKs) and sugars. Evidence obtained using transgenic Arabidopsis plants with altered CK status show that CKs play essential roles in this phenomenon, because growth and flowering responses to the VCs were reduced in mutants with CK-deficiency (35S:AtCKX1) or low receptor sensitivity (ahk2/3). Further, we demonstrate that the plant responses to fungal VCs are light-dependent. Transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis leaves exposed to A. alternata VCs revealed changes in the expression of light- and CK-responsive genes involved in photosynthesis, growth and flowering. Notably, many genes differentially expressed in plants treated with fungal VCs were also differentially expressed in plants exposed to VCs emitted by the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis GB03, suggesting that plants react to microbial VCs through highly conserved regulatory mechanisms.This work was partially supported by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Spain) (grant numbers BIO2010-18239 and BIO2013- 49125-C2-1-P), the Government of Navarra (grant number IIM010491.RI1), the I-Link0939 project from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Grant L01204 from the National Program of Sustainability) and Palacky University institutional support. AM S-L and P G-G gratefully acknowledge predoctoral fellowships from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. M B and G A acknowledge post-doctoral fellowships awarded by the Public University of Navarra.Peer reviewe

Characterization of multiple SPS knockout mutants reveals redundant functions of the four Arabidopsis sucrose phosphate synthase isoforms in plant viability, and strongly indicates that enhanced respiration and accelerated starch turnover can alleviate the blockage of sucrose biosynthesis

We characterized multiple knock-out mutants of the four Arabidopsis sucrose phosphate synthase (SPSA1, SPSA2, SPSB and SPSC) isoforms. Despite their reduced SPS activity, spsa1/spsa2, spsa1/spsb, spsa2/spsb, spsa2/spsc, spsb/spsc, spsa1/spsa2/spsb and spsa2/spsb/spsc mutants displayed wild type (WT) vegetative and reproductive morphology, and showed WT photosynthetic capacity and respiration. In contrast, growth of rosettes, flowers and siliques of the spsa1/spsc and spsa1/spsa2/spsc mutants was reduced compared with WT plants. Furthermore, these plants displayed a high dark respiration phenotype. spsa1/spsb/spsc and spsa1/spsa2/spsb/spsc seeds poorly germinated and produced aberrant and sterile plants. Leaves of all viable sps mutants, except spsa1/spsc and spsa1/spsa2/spsc, accumulated WT levels of nonstructural carbohydrates. spsa1/spsc leaves possessed high levels of metabolic intermediates and activities of enzymes of the glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways, and accumulated high levels of metabolic intermediates of the nocturnal starch-to-sucrose conversion process, even under continuous light conditions. Results presented in this work show that SPS is essential for plant viability, reveal redundant functions of the four SPS isoforms in processes that are important for plant growth and nonstructural carbohydrate metabolism, and strongly indicate that accelerated starch turnover and enhanced respiration can alleviate the blockage of sucrose biosynthesis in spsa1/spsc leaves.This work was partially supported by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Spain) [grant numbers BIO2010-18239, BIO2013-49125-C2-1-P, BIO2008-02292 and BIO2011-28847-C02-02]. A.M.S-L. acknowledges a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. M.B. acknowledges a post-doctoral fellowship from the Public University of Navarra.Peer Reviewe

Volatile compounds emitted by the plant pathogen Alternaria alternata promote photosynthesis, growth and accumulation of high levels of starch in Arabidopsis through pPGI dependent and independent cytokinin biosynthetic processes

Póster presentado en el XXI Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Fisiología Vegetal y el XIV Congreso Hispano-Luso Fisiología Vegetal, celebrado en Toledo del 14 al 17 de junio de 2015.Peer Reviewe

Soil application of volatile compounds emitted by the plant pathogen Alternaria alternata enhance yield of pepper plants cultured under greenhouse conditions

Póster presentado en la International Conference "Plant Biotechnology: Green for Good III", celebrada en Olomouc (República Checa) del 15 al 18 de junio de 2015.Peer Reviewe

Volatile compounds emitted by the plant pathogen Alternaria alternata enhance photosynthesis and promote growth of Arabidopsis by increasing cytokinin production

Póster presentado en el Fresh & glycoprotein symposium, celebrado en Japón en septiembre de 2015.Peer Reviewe

Volatile compounds emitted by a wide range of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microorganisms promote growth through cytokinin regulated processes

Trabajo presentado en la International Conference "Plant Biotechnology: Green for Good III", celebrada en Olomouc (República Checa) del 15 al 18 de junio de 2015.Peer Reviewe

Volatile compounds emitted by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi promote growth and starch accumulation through cytokinin regulated processes

Póster presentado en el Fresh & glycoprotein symposium, celebrado en Japón en septiembre de 2015.It is known that volatile emissions from some beneficial rhizobacteria promote growth in plants. Here we show that volatile compounds emitted by the plant pathogen Alternaria alternata promote growth and the accumulation of exceptionally high levels of starch in leaves. Analyses of the volatile exometabolome of this species allowed us to identify several volatile compounds that promote plant growth and drastic metabolic changes. In Arabidopsis,this phenomenon (initially designated as MIVOISAP, for Microbial VOIatiles Induced Starch Accumulation Process) was accompanied by enhanced photosynthetic capacity, likely as a consequence of increased levels of plastidic type of cytokinins (CK). The magnitude of the phenomenon was low in mutants impaired in photoreceptors, CK receptors, plastidial NADP-thioredoxin reductase C(NTRC) and plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase. The overall data showed that (a) production of volatiles promoting plant growth is not restricted to beneficial rhizobacterial species, and (b) Arabidopsis MIVOISAP involves complex photocontrolled processes where in photoreceptors, NTRC－mediated changes in redox status of plastidial target proteins, CK production and signaling play important roles.Peer Reviewe