472 research outputs found
Constraining the primordial spectrum of metric perturbations from gravitino and moduli production
We consider the production of gravitinos and moduli fields from quantum
vacuum fluctuations induced by the presence of scalar metric perturbations at
the end of inflation. We obtain the corresponding occupation numbers, up to
first order in perturbation theory, in terms of the power spectrum of the
metric perturbations. We compute the limits imposed by nucleosynthesis on the
spectral index for different models with constant . The results show
that, in certain cases, such limits can be as strong as , which is
more stringent than those coming from primordial black hole production.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures. Corrected figures, new references
included. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Estudio de la idoneidad de un nuevo hormigón estructural fabricado con áridos ligeros reforzados con fibra de carbono sinterizados a partir de residuos
The suitability of three new lightweight aggregates containing carbon fiber residues (CAs) as components in structural lightweight concrete has been studied. Prismatic concrete specimens were prepared using these CAs as a coarse fraction. Additional specimens of normal-weight aggregate, commercial lightweight aggregate and mortar were prepared for comparison. The CA-concrete samples (CACs) have yielded compressive strength values between 35 and 55 MPa as well as low density and thermal conductivity results. Furthermore, the CACs have displayed the highest ratios of mechanical strength over density and the thermal conductivity, which means that there is a better balance between their mechanical and physical properties than in the other samples studied. These results indicate that the new CAs could have great potential for use in structural lightweight concrete, also complying with the principles of the Circular Economy.Este estudio pretende comprobar la idoneidad de unos novedosos áridos ligeros sinterizados con residuos de fibra de carbono (CAs) en la fabricación de hormigón ligero estructural. Se prepararon probetas prismáticas de hormigón, utilizando estos CAs como fracción gruesa, comparándose a su vez con probetas fabricadas con un árido convencional, un árido ligero comercial y mortero. Las muestras de hormigón con los áridos CA (en adelante CAC) han dado lugar a valores de resistencia a compresión entre 35 y 55 MPa, así como a resultados bajos de densidad y conductividad térmica, mostrando además las ratios más altas al relacionar estos tres parámetros. Esto indicaría por tanto un mejor equilibrio entre las propiedades mecánicas y físicas que los obtenidos en las otras muestras estudiadas. Estos resultados apuntan a que los nuevos CAs podrían tener un gran potencial para su uso en hormigón ligero estructural, cumpliendo además los principios de la Economía Circular
Unstable Heavy Majorana Neutrinos and Leptogenesis
We propose a new mechanism producing a non-vanishing lepton number asymmetry,
based on decays of heavy Majorana neutrinos. If they are produced out of
equilibrium, as occurs in preheating scenario, and are superpositions of mass
eigenstates rapidly decaying, their decay rates contains interference terms
provided the mass differences are small compared to widths .
The resulting lepton asymmetry, which is the analogue of the time-integrated CP
asymmetry in system, is found to be proportional to .Comment: 18 pages, latex, revised version to be published in Phys. Rev.
The equivalence theorem and the production of gravitinos after inflation
We study the high-energy equivalence between helicity 1/2 gravitinos and
goldstinos in order to calculate the production of gravitinos in time-dependent
scalar and gravitational backgrounds. We derive this equivalence for equations
of motion, paying attention to some subtleties, mainly due to external sources,
that are not present in the standard proofs. We also propose the Landau gauge
as a simplifying alternative to the usual gauge choices, both for practical
calculations and in the equivalence theorem proof.Comment: 13 pp. 2 figures. Final and shorter version to appear in Phys. Rev.
D. References and minor errata correcte
Production of spin 3/2 particles from vacuum fluctuations
We study the production of spin 3/2 particles in homogeneous scalar and
gravitational backgrounds from the mode-mixing Bogolyubov method. Considering
only helicity states we can reduce the problem to a standard Dirac
fermion calculation and apply the standard techniques in a straightforward way.
As an example we consider a supergravity inflationary model and calculate the
spectrum of gravitinos created during preheating at the end of inflation.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, 1 figure. New comments and references added. Final
version to appear in Phys.Rev.Let
Particle production from nonlocal gravitational effective action
In this paper we show how the nonlocal effective action for gravity, obtained
after integrating out the matter fields, can be used to compute particle
production and spectra for different space-time metrics. Applying this
technique to several examples, we find that the perturbative calculation of the
effective action up to second order in curvatures yields exactly the same
results for the total number of particles as the Bogolyubov transformations
method, in the case of masless scalar fields propagating in a Robertson-Walker
space-time. Using an adiabatic approximation we also obtain the corresponding
spectra and compare the results with the traditional WKB approximation.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX, no figures. Corrected version with new comments and
results. To appear in Phys. Rev.
Thermalization After Inflation and Reheating Temperature
We present a detailed examination of thermalization after inflation for
perturbative inflaton decay. Different interactions among particles in the
plasma of inflaton decay products are considered and it will be shown that 2 ->
2 scatterings and particle decay are the important ones. We show that
thermalization occurs after decays dominate scatterings, and that depending on
the typical mass scale of inflaton decay products, different situations may
arise. In particular, thermalization may be delayed until late times, in which
case the bounds from thermal gravitino production on supersymmetric models of
inflation are considerably relaxed. We will also consider the case where the
observable sector consists only of the MSSM matter content, and point out that
flat directions with large vevs may result in earlier thermalization of the
plasma and push the reheat temperature towards its upper limit.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, a few references added and revise
Brane oscillations and the cosmic coincidence problem
We show that, under general assumptions, in six-dimensional brane-world
models with compactified large extra dimensions, the energy density of brane
oscillations scales as that of cold dark matter and its present value is
compatible with observations. Such value is obtained from the only dimensional
scale in the theory, namely, the fundamental scale of gravity in six dimensions
TeV, without any fine-tuning or the introduction of additional mass
scales apart from the large size of the extra dimensions. It has been suggested
that the same kind of models could provide also the correct magnitude of the
cosmological constant. This observation can be relevant for the resolution of
the cosmic coincidence problem in the brane-world scenario.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX. Comments on the renormalization of the branon mass
included. Final version to appear in Phys.Rev.D (R
Cosmic magnetic fields and dark energy in extended electromagnetism
We discuss an extended version of electromagnetism in which the usual gauge
fixing term is promoted into a physical contribution that introduces a new
scalar state in the theory. This new state can be generated from vacuum quantum
fluctuations during an inflationary era and, on super-Hubble scales, gives rise
to an effective cosmological constant. The value of such a cosmological
constant coincides with the one inferred from observations as long as inflation
took place at the electroweak scale. On the other hand, the new state also
generates an effective electric charge density on sub-Hubble scales that
produces both vorticity and magnetic fields with coherent lengths as large as
the present Hubble horizon.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of Spanish
Relativity Meeting 2010, Granada, Spain, 6-10 September 201
Renormalization of the nonequilibrium dynamics of fermions in a flat FRW universe
We derive the renormalized equations of motion and the renormalized
energy-momentum tensor for fermions coupled to a spatially homogeneous scalar
field (inflaton) in a flat FRW geometry. The fermion back reaction to the
metric and to the inflaton field is formulated in one-loop approximation.
Having determined the infinite counter terms in an scheme we
formulate the finite terms in a form suitable for numerical computation. We
comment on the trace anomaly which is inferred from the standard analysis. We
also address the problem of initial singularities and determine the Bogoliubov
transformation by which they are removed.Comment: 26 pages, LaTe
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