12 research outputs found
Inverse Association between trans Isomeric and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Pregnant Women and Their Newborns: Data from Three European Countries
Background: trans unsaturated fatty acids are thought to interfere with essential fatty acid metabolism. To extend our knowledge of this phenomenon, we investigated the relationship between trans isomeric and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in mothers during pregnancy and in their infants at birth. Methods: Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was determined in Spanish (n = 120), German (n = 78) and Hungarian (n = 43) women at the 20th and 30th week of gestation, at delivery and in their newborns. Results: At the 20th week of gestation, the sum of trans fatty acids in PE was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in Hungarian [0.73 (0.51), % wt/wt, median (IQR)] than in Spanish [1.42 (1.36)] and German [1.30 (1.21)] women. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) values in PE were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in Hungarian {[}5.65 (2.09)] than in Spanish [4.37 (2.60)] or German [4.39 (3.3.2)] women. The sum of trans fatty acids significantly inversely correlated to DHA in PCs in Spanish (r = -0.37, p < 0.001), German (n = -0.77, p < 0.001) and Hungarian (r = -0.35, p < 0.05) women, and in PEs in Spanish (r = -0.67, p < 0.001) and German (r = -0.71, p < 0.001), but not in Hungarian (r = -0.02) women. Significant inverse correlations were seen between trans fatty acids and DHA in PEs at the 30th week of gestation (n = 241, r = -0.52, p < 0.001), at delivery (n = 241, r = -0.40, p < 0.001) and in cord lipids (n = 218, r = -0.28, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Because humans cannot synthesize trans isomeric fatty acids, the data obtained in the present study support the concept that high maternal trans isomeric fatty acid intake may interfere with the availability of LCPUFA both for the mother and the fetus. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Base
Thermogravimetric and reaction kinetic analysis of biomass samples from an energy plantation
The products of a Hungarian experimental plantation for energy crops were investigated. Young shoots of poplar clones (Populus x euramericana and Populus x interamericana), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), willow (Salix alba), and an herbaceous plant (Miscanthus sinensis) revealed unexpectedly similar thermal behavior in inert and oxidative atmospheres, as well. An 8-fold difference in the level of grinding did not result in substantial differences in the thermal decomposition. The effect of oxygen in the ambient gas was studied at low sample masses (0.2-0.4 mg) that excluded the overheating due to the high reaction heat of the combustion process. The presence of oxygen affects the decomposition from ca. 220 degreesC. Nevertheless, the extrapolated onset temperature of the hemicellulose decomposition is practically the same at 0, 5, and 21 V/V% oxygen. A group of 12 experiments, representing two grinding levels, three plant genera and four different heating programs were evaluated simultaneously by the method of least squares employing the model of independent pseudocomponents. All evaluated experiments were well described by the same set of kinetic parameters; only the parameters describing the peak area of the partial processes differed. A technique was recommended for the appropriate handling of the nonrandom errors in the simultaneous evaluation of experiment series
Functionalization of Indole at C-5 or C-7 via Palladium-Catalysed Double Carbonylation. A Facile Synthesis of Indole Ketocarboxamides and Carboxamide Dimers.
Palladium-catalysed aminocarbonylation of 7-iodoindole derivatives (the parent compound and 5-bromo-7-iodoindole), as well as 5-iodoindole with various primary and secondary amines, including amino acid esters and chiral diamines, was carried out. In this way, a highly selective double carbonylation reaction at the C-7 was performed resulting in the formation of the corresponding indol-7-ylglyoxylamides when monoamines were used. The bromoarene moiety remained intact, so bromo-substituted glyoxylamides of practical importance have been synthesised in moderate to high yields. The use of chiral alkyl and aryl diamines as nucheophiles allowed the synthesis of a new family of dimeric 7-indole derivatives under moderate reaction conditions (10 bar, 100 ºC). The aminocarbonylation at the C-5 position led to much lower chemoselectivities toward indol-5-ylglyoxylamides under similar conditions (40 bar CO, 50 ºC).
The aminocarbonylation of iodoindoles shows a strikingly different chemoselectivity depending on the basicity of the amine while primary and secondary amines of high basicity gave 2-ketocarboxamides in up to 98% chemoselectivity, aniline resulted in almost exclusive formation of the corresponding carboxamide product
Operation of energy wood plantation with special regard to harvesting technology and timber logistics
Effect of high versus low doses of fat and vitamin A dietary supplementation on fatty acid composition of phospholipids in mice
Dietary fat and vitamin A provide important
precursors for potent bioactive ligands of nuclear hormone
receptors, which regulate various enzymes involved in lipid
homeostasis, metabolism and inflammation. We determined
the effects of dietary fat and dietary vitamin A on
hepatic expression of two fatty acid metabolizing enzymes,
elongase 6 (ELOVL6) and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase
1 (SCD1) and the concentration of saturated fatty acids
(SAFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) of
phospholipids in serum and liver. Mice (n = 6) were fed
4 weeks with diets containing 2, 5 and 25 % of fat or
vitamin A (0, 2,500 and 326,500 RE/kg as retinyl palmitate).
MUFAs and SAFAs were measured using GC and
ESI–MS/MS. Hepatic expression of metabolizing enzymes
was determined using QRT-PCR. ELOVL6 was significantly
down-regulated in response to a high-fat diet
(p<0.001) and significantly up-regulated in response to
low-fat diet (p<0.05). SCD1 expression was significantly
lower in high- versus low-fat diet (p<0.05). The vitamin
A content in the diet did not influence the hepatic expression of both enzymes. In plasma, the amounts of MUFAs
bound to phospholipids significantly decreased in response
to a high-fat diet and increased after a low-fat diet. This
tendency was also observed in the liver for various phospholipids sub-classes. In summary, this study shows that fat content in the diet has a stronger impact than the content of vitamin A on hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and
ELOVL6 and thereby on MUFA and SAFA concentrations
in liver and plasma