Scientific Advances in the Last Decade on the Recovery, Characterization, and Functionality of Bioactive Compounds from the Araticum Fruit (<i>Annona crassiflora</i> Mart.)

Araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) is a native and endemic species to Brazilian Cerrado whose fruits have high sensorial, nutritional, bioactive, and economic potential. Its use in local folk medicine, associated with recent scientific findings, has attracted growing interest from different industrial sectors. Therefore, understanding the scientific advances achieved so far and identifying gaps to be filled is essential to direct future studies and transform accumulated knowledge into innovative technologies and products. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical composition, bioactivities, and food products from araticum fruit that have been reported in the scientific literature over the past 10 years. The compiled data showed that araticum fruit parts contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, alkaloids, annonaceous acetogenins, carotenoids, phytosterols, and tocols. These phytochemicals contribute to different biological activities verified in araticum fruit extracts/fractions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antidyslipidemic, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, healing of the cutaneous wound, antibacterial, and insecticide effects. Despite the promising findings, further studies—particularly toxicological (especially, with byproducts), pre-clinical, and clinical trials—must be conducted to confirm these biological effects in humans and assure the safety and well-being of consumers

Food science and its impact on a changing world

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Posição de dormir dos lactentes : orientação é eficaz?

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Angiogenic, oxidative and hormonal responses of the prostatic microenvironment in high fat diet‐fed aging mice

Aging and obesity are associated with prostatic lesion induction. Cellular proliferation, angiogenesis and oxidative stress could be altered in both processes. Thus, the aim of the study herein was to evaluate different molecules related to angiogenesis, oxidative stress and hormonal metabolism, considering aging and high‐fat diet intake on the mice prostate. FVB mice (30) were divided into the following groups: Young group (YNG ‐ 3 months old), Senile group (SE ‐ 11 months old), Senile and high‐fat diet (SHE ‐ 11 months old + high‐fat diet). YNG and SE groups received a normolipid diet (22% protein, 53% carbohydrate, 4.5% lipids and 2.9 Kcal/g) and SEH group, received a high‐fat and high‐calorie diet (20% protein, 50% carbohydrate, 21% lipids and 4.7 Kcal/g). After 60 days, the mice were anesthetized and the ventral prostate were collected and submitted to morphological analysis; and to immunohistochemical and immunoblotting evaluation for androgen and estrogen receptor (AR, ERα), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 4HNE and catalase. Weight gain, food and energy intake were analyzed. The results showed reduced weight gain and increased energy intake in SE group compared to YNG group. The high‐fat diet intake during aging led to increased weight gain and energy intake, despite diminishing food intake in relation to SE group. The prostatic morphology in SE group showed increased cellular proliferation, well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma, microacini, inflammatory cells and hypertrophied fibromuscular stroma. The high‐fat diet intake by aging mice aggravated the prostatic injuries in relation to SE group, showing increased cell proliferation, well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma, microacini and fibromuscular stroma hypertrophy. The inflammatory cell level was elevated in SHE group despite not significantly differing from SE group. In addition, reduced AR immunolabeling and increased ERα, VEGF, 4HNE and Catalase levels were verified in SE group as compared to YNG group. The high‐fat intake during aging led to an AR, ERα, VEGF, 4HNE and Catalase increase as compared to SE group. Thus, we concluded that the aging process led to harmful changes in the prostatic microenvironment, favoring glandular lesions. Also, the high‐fat intake in association with aging increased the microenvironment molecular imbalance, compromising glandular stromal‐epithelial interaction. The association of hormonal imbalance as well as angiogenic and oxidative processes due to aging and high‐fat diet intake dysregulated important signaling pathways in the prostate, particularly related to cell proliferation and inflammation, leading to pre‐malignant lesions. The glandular microenvironment ERα and angiogenic signaling stimuli, contributed to the glandular dynamic rupture3151Experimental Biology 2017899.4899.4FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2015 25714‐

Red-jambo peel extract shows antiproliferative activity against HepG2 human hepatoma cells

The peel of the red-jambo concentrates the majority of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of the fruit. Minor phenolic compounds in this part of the fruit are still unknown, as well as the effect of its extracts in in vitro and in vivo studies. In an ethanolic extract of red-jambo, a wider range of phenolic compounds was investigated and the antioxidant cellular antioxidant activity and inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation were evaluated for the first time. Using HPLC-FLD/DAD for phenolic compounds determination, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate were found for the first time in the peel of the red-jambo fruit. The anthocyanins found (cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside and peonidin 3-glucoside) were the flavonoid class strongly correlated with the antioxidant capacity methods used in this study (cellular antioxidant activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity). The ethanolic extract of the peel showed significant effect on reducing the tumoral cell growth and proliferation. Antiproliferative activity of phytochemicals showed no significant correlative relations with total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins, demonstrating which the antiproliferative effect of the extract could be due to the synergic action among the compounds in redjambo peel12493100CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP301108/2016-1não tem2015/50333-112th Latin American symposium on food science (SLACA) : food science and its impact on a changing worl

Anthocyanins Recovered from Agri-Food By-Products Using Innovative Processes: Trends, Challenges, and Perspectives for Their Application in Food Systems

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring phytochemicals that have attracted growing interest from consumers and the food industry due to their multiple biological properties and technological applications. Nevertheless, conventional extraction techniques based on thermal technologies can compromise both the recovery and stability of anthocyanins, reducing their global yield and/or limiting their application in food systems. The current review provides an overview of the main innovative processes (e.g., pulsed electric field, microwave, and ultrasound) used to recover anthocyanins from agri-food waste/by-products and the mechanisms involved in anthocyanin extraction and their impacts on the stability of these compounds. Moreover, trends and perspectives of anthocyanins’ applications in food systems, such as antioxidants, natural colorants, preservatives, and active and smart packaging components, are addressed. Challenges behind anthocyanin implementation in food systems are displayed and potential solutions to overcome these drawbacks are proposed