Trichome micromorphology in drupe of Amygdalus L. (Rosaceae) from Iran

For delimitation of species and systematic resolution, pericarp indumentum in drupes of 17 species and two hybrids of the genus Amygdalus L., representing two subgenera and two sections distributed in Iran, were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to assess whether in this genus, pericarp micromorphological characters are of taxonomic value. The pericarp indumentum type is velutinous with different density of trichomes. Glabrous pericarp was observed solely in A. reticulata Runemark ex Khatamsaz. All trichomes are simple. Two basic types of trichomes were distinguished on the surface of the pericarp: tubular and flattened. Among these, tubular trichomes are more frequent than other trichomes in most species except for A. kotschyi Boiss. et Hohen., A. eburnea Spach, A. spinosissima Bge. subsp. spinosissima and A. lycioides Spach var. lycioides. Density of trichomes was variable among the studied taxa. In the first subgenus (subgen. Amygdalus) with two sections, there was enough difference between sections. While density of trichomes in sect. Spartioides Spach was very low, most of species in the another section, sect. Amygdalus showed dense pericarp indumentum. Regarding density, the second subgenus, subgen. Dodecandra (Spach) Browicz showed dense indumentum. Two hybrids studied, A.´keredjensis Browicz and A.´kamiaranensis Khatamsaz et Assadi showed different pericarp indumenta, dense and sparse respectively. In conclusion, micromorphological investigation of pericarp indumentum in drupes is a useful tool for distinguishing taxa in some cases, especially those of the two sections in the first subgenus in Amygdalus

Study of flora, life form and chorology of plant Species in Zarivar Region of Marivan, Kurdistan

Zarivar region, with about 12,000 km2 area, is located in the west of Iran, neighboaring the Marivan city. This region has a rich floral diversity due to some ecological factors such as: the average annual precipitation (about 997 mm/year), influence of the mediteranean water masses and situation within zagros mountain. The purpose of this study was to introduce floristic list, life forms and chorology of species of zarivar region. plant specimens were collected during years 2014-2016. Totally, 590 plant species belonging to 355 genera and 81 families were determined. Among the studied plants, 472 dicots and 116 monocots and two pteridophytes were recognized. The largest family was Compositae with 46 genera and 72 species, and the largest genus was Trifolium  (Papilionaceae) with 10 species. Hemicryptophytes were the dominant life form and comprised 40% of the flora. From chorological point of view, the largest proportion of the flora belonged to the Iran-Turanian elements (38%). Among the 590 species of flora this region 160 species are medicinal plants, 43 species endangered Plants and 50 species endemic in Iran

Fritillaria avromanica sp nov (Liliaeceae) from Iran and notes on F-melananthera in Turkey

WOS: 000362577700004Fritillaria avromanica is described as a new species from Iran based on specimens collected from Hawraman. Taxonomic descriptions, illustrations, geographical distribution, habitat, ecology, and conservation status of the new species and the closely related F. assyriaca and F. melananthera are provided. In addition F. melananthera is given the rank of species, rather than being subspecies of F. assyriaca. The differences between F. melananthera and F. assyriaca are discussed with pollen and chromosomal characteristics

Heracleum kurdistanicum Rastegar, Maroofi & Tabad 2021, sp. nov.

<i>Heracleum kurdistanicum</i> Rastegar, Maroofi & Tabad, <i>sp. nov.</i> <p> Type:— IRAN. Oshnaveieh, Dalanpar Mountain, Lat 35.824309°; Lon 46.529649°, 2750 m, 28 August 2018, <i>M. A. Tabad 13939</i> (holotype HKS; isotype TARI) (Figs. 1–3).</p> <p> <i>Herbs</i>, perennial, aromatic, 6–35 cm tall; caudex clothed by papery base of old petioles. <i>Stems</i> to 5 mm in diameter, base ±sulcate, scabrid, with acinaciform and falcate trichomes. <i>Leaves</i>: basal and median leaves pinnately trifoliolate, sheaths ±inflated, strongly ribbed, covered with short acinaciform trichomes except basally; leaflets 3, lateral leaflets suborbicular, sessile, 1.2–5× 1–3.5 cm, dentate or rarely lobate, terminal leaflet simple or 3-lobed; petiolule to 4.5 cm long; blade suborbicular or ovate, 2.5–10× 2.5–9 cm, base cordate, margin dentate; upper cauline leaves much smaller, lobate to pinnately trifoliate, sheath elliptic to oblong. <i>Rays</i> of inflorescence 4–8, unequal, 2.5–10 cm long in fruit, indumentum as on leaves and stem; bracts 0–2, ovate-oblong; bracteoles 0–2, oblong-lanceolate. <i>Flowers</i> non radiant, petals white or purple, abaxial indumentum as on leaves and stem; ovary scabrous, with dense long and short acinaciform or falcate trichomes; styles pubescent distally. <i>Fruit</i> obovoid, 12× 10 mm, retuse, scabrous with rather dense long and short acinaciform and falcate trichomes; dorsal vittae unequal, filiform-subclavate, septate at the half their length, 1/2–3/4 as long as mericarp; commissural vittae 2, ±equal, about 1/2 as long as mericarp. Figure 1, Table 1.</p> <p> <b>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):</b> — IRAN. Oshnaveieh: Dalanpar Mountain, 2650 m, 11 July 2017, <i>M. A</i> <i>.</i> <i>Tabad 13830</i> (HKS); Dalanpar Mountain, 2700 m, 21 July 2017, <i>M. A</i> <i>.</i> <i>Tabad 14312</i> (HKS).</p> <p> <b>Distribution and habitat:</b> —Subalpine cold, snowy, humid rocky habitats at 2500–2900 m. <i>Heracleum kurdistanicum</i> is known only from small populations on Dalanpar Mountain, NW Iran close to the border with Turkey (Fig. 4).</p> <p> <b>Phenology</b>:—Flowering July to August, fruiting August to September.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> —The specific epithet refers to Kurdistan, the land from which the new species was collected.</p>Published as part of <i>Tabad, Mohammad Aref, Maroofi, Hosein & Rastegar, Azad, 2021, Heracleum kurdistanicum (Apiaceae; Tordylieae), a new subalpine species from Dalanpar Mountain, NW Iran, pp. 68-76 in Phytotaxa 508 (1)</i> on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5425803">http://zenodo.org/record/5425803</a&gt

Identification of Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil of Fumaria Vaillantii Loisel of Kurdistan Province in Iran

The essential oil of Fumaria Vaillantii Loisel was isolated by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. In order to, identification of chemical composition, the obtained essential oil was injected to GC/MS instrument. Thirty six components were identified, the major components more than 1 percent include: trans anethole (14.97%), 1,8-cineole (13.01%), menthole (9.34 %), menthone (5.18%), beta-inone (5.02%), cyclopentadecanolide (4.53%), myristicine (3.67%), alpha-pinene (3.58%), thymole (3.19 %) and isomenthone(3.14% ). In this study also we evaluated the antibacterial activity of essential oil of Fumaria vaillantii Loisel against the growth of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar disc diffusion method. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the essential oil was well