Artificial intelligence to support person-centred care in breast imaging - A scoping review

AIM: To overview Artificial Intelligence (AI) developments and applications in breast imaging (BI) focused on providing person-centred care in diagnosis and treatment for breast pathologies. METHODS: The scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The search was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of science, IEEE explore and arxiv during July 2022 and included only studies published after 2016, in French and English. Combination of keywords and Medical Subject Headings terms (MeSH) related to breast imaging and AI were used. No keywords or MeSH terms related to patients, or the person-centred care (PCC) concept were included. Three independent reviewers screened all abstracts and titles, and all eligible full-text publications during a second stage. RESULTS: 3417 results were identified by the search and 106 studies were included for meeting all criteria. Six themes relating to the AI-enabled PCC in BI were identified: individualised risk prediction/growth and prediction/false negative reduction (44.3%), treatment assessment (32.1%), tumour type prediction (11.3%), unnecessary biopsies reduction (5.7%), patients' preferences (2.8%) and other issues (3.8%). The main BI modalities explored in the included studies were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (31.1%), mammography (27.4%) and ultrasound (23.6%). The studies were predominantly retrospective, and some variations (age range, data source, race, medical imaging) were present in the datasets used. CONCLUSIONS: The AI tools for person-centred care are mainly designed for risk and cancer prediction and disease management to identify the most suitable treatment. However, further studies are needed for image acquisition optimisation for different patient groups, improvement and customisation of patient experience and for communicating to patients the options and pathways of disease management

Small punch test evaluation of neutron-irradiation-induced embrittlement of a Cr-Mo low-alloy steel

Neutron-irradiation-induced embrittlement of a 2.25Cr1Mo steel is investigated by means of small punch testing along with scanning electron trucroscopy. There is an apparent irradiation-induced embrittlement effect after the steel is irradiated at about 400 degreesC for 86 days with a neutron dose rate of 1.75 X 10(-8) dpa/s. The embrittlement is mainly nonhardening embrittlement caused by impurity grain boundary segregation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Alumni, radiographers, clinical placement tutors and industry insights about current radiographers practice, competences and autonomy in western Switzerland.

Radiographers' profession is constantly evolving, which demands adaptation of education and training programs to build up medical imaging and radiation therapy professionals (MIRTPs) that provide healthcare to improve patient experience and outcomes. This study aimed to map radiographers' practices, competences, and autonomy level in Western Switzerland. Data was collected by 2 cross-sectional online surveys targeting Alumni, radiographers, clinical placement tutors and medical imaging equipment specialists from industry, with opened and closed-end questions. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data. 81 Alumni and 93 Chief-Radiographers, clinical tutors, practitioner-radiographers and industry answered the questionnaires. The competences considered as the most "acquired or completely acquired" by the Alumni were: adopt a reflective posture on practice (90.1 %; 73/81), adopt ethical behaviour (90.1 %; 73/81), carrying out and providing radiological services for diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive purposes (81.5 %; 68/81), adapting communication to the other surrounding persons (81.5 %; 66/81), and check compliance of procedures with standards (69.1 %; 56/81). Similar results were referred by Employers. The autonomy of the participant radiographers was considered as average, and it focuses only the preparation of the patient and the protocol optimisation. The development and integration of research is weak as well as the application of competences regarding professionalism. A better link between educational institutions and clinical practice can help on the integration of research and evidence-based on practice, necessary to progress the radiographers' profession in Western Switzerland. The autonomy needs to be further developed and leadership courses must be integrated in the curricula to facilitate the implementation of new approaches to reinforce radiographer's profession. Practice must be revised to integrate evidence-based; to facilitate research development, the managers need to increase support

Breast cancer patient viewpoint versus staff thoughts regarding mammography and radiation therapy services

The purpose was to compare breast cancer patients’ opinions about mammography and radiation therapy services to what health care staff thought to be success factors for these service

Material composition trends in vehicles: critical raw materials and other relevant metals. Preparing a dataset on secondary raw materials for the Raw Materials Information System

Previous research efforts have focused on the development of comprehensive and robust datasets on Secondary Raw Materials, as requested in particular in the EU Circular Economy Action Plan (2015). For example, the Horizon 2020 project ProSUM (Prospecting Secondary raw materials in the Urban mine and Mining wastes, 2015-2017) resulted in the creation of the Urban Mine Platform (UMP)1. The UMP displays comprehensive data from the RMIS on the European stocks and flows of batteries, electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and vehicles, as well as the materials, components and chemical elements contained in these stocks and flows. The battery dataset has been updated in 2019 in the Raw Materials Information System (RMIS).This report presents the approach, the background data and the key results of the update of the UMP data concerning vehicle composition. It discusses in particular the improvement of existing data using recent information and knowledge that has become available since the realisation of ProSUM, and the extension of time series until the year 2023 through extrapolation. New components were also added to the existing dataset. The considered materials in the dataset are: cast and wrought aluminium, mild and high strength steel, cast iron and magnesium alloys. The considered components are: catalytic converter, electrics and electronics, power electronics, battery management systems, induction and permanent magnets electric drive motors. The average mass of each of those materials and components is estimated in vehicles, categorized by vehicle type, fuel type, engine size and mass class, for each year between until 2023. Moreover, the average mass fractions of 16 elements (Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Dy, Fe, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Pd, Pt, Rh, Si) in the materials and components are estimated. This composition data, when combined with data on the fleet of vehicles in the EU, is the basis for datasets on secondary raw materials in vehicles, to be soon featured in an interactive data viewer in the RMIS. The vehicle dataset will not address battery active materials and will have therefore to be looked at in combination with the battery datasets already available on the RMIS.Such updated dataset can be extremely useful to support EU policies, since vehicles and mobility are key products and sectors in the transition towards a low carbon and circular economy

Site-level model intercomparison of high latitude and high altitude soil thermal dynamics in tundra and barren landscapes

Modeling soil thermal dynamics at high latitudes and altitudes requires representations of physical processes such as snow insulation, soil freezing and thawing and subsurface conditions like soil water/ice content and soil texture. We have compared six different land models: JSBACH, ORCHIDEE, JULES, COUP, HYBRID8 and LPJ-GUESS, at four different sites with distinct cold region landscape types, to identify the importance of physical processes in capturing observed temperature dynamics in soils. The sites include alpine, high Arctic, wet polygonal tundra and non-permafrost Arctic, thus showing how a range of models can represent distinct soil temperature regimes. For all sites, snow insulation is of major importance for estimating topsoil conditions. However, soil physics is essential for the subsoil temperature dynamics and thus the active layer thicknesses. This analysis shows that land models need more realistic surface processes, such as detailed snow dynamics and moss cover with changing thickness and wetness, along with better representations of subsoil thermal dynamics