Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoids content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic and foodborne pathogens bacteria of Ruta montana extracts

In this study, water and various concentrations of methanol and ethanol in water were used as solvent in the extraction of aerial part of Ruta montana. The aims were to investigate the effects of solvents on the extraction of polyphenol from Ruta montana, from Taza region, and evaluate in vitro the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic and foodborne pathogens bacteria of the extracts. The results showed that the Ruta montana extract obtained by 80% methanol exhibited the highest phenolic (117.70 ± 2.82 mg GAE/g Ext) and flavonoid (77 ± 6.55 mg ER/g Ext) contents. The antioxidant potential was examined by Diphenyl picryl hydrazinyl radical (DPPH) and ferric reducing power assays (FRAP). The 80% methanol extract presented the greatest capacity to reduce the DPPH (IC50=10.66 ± 1.52 µg/mL), and the highest ferric reducing power (66.66 ± 5.67 mg AAE/g of extract). The antimicrobial activity of extracts from Ruta montana against phytopathogenic and foodborne pathogens bacteria was qualitatively and quantitatively tested by the development of inhibition zones (ZID) and MTT-assay. The ZID ranged between 10.66 mm and 19.33 mm. Proteus mirabilis, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis 1616-3, Bacillus subtilis DSM 6633, Listeria innocua CECT 4030 were the most sensitive bacteria with MIC varied from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. These finding suggest that Ruta montana may be considered as a potential sources of phenol contents with antioxidant and antibacterial potentials against phytopathogenic and foodborne pathogens bacteria

Pharmacological and chemical properties of some marine echinoderms

Echinoderms have attracted the attention of scientists over the past few years after identifying a variety of unique structures endowed by interesting biological properties. However, the Moroccan coast biodiversity is still uninvestigated. In our ongoing attempts to valorize the rich Moroccan marine environment, this study aimed at assessing the antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from three echinoderms Astropecten irregularis, Luidia sarsi and Ophiura albida against the human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica and Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, their antioxidant activities were tested using standard methods in addition to the antidiabetic activity which has been evaluated in vitro against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS analysis revealed a significant content of some phenolic compounds such as pyrogallol, gallic, sinapic, ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic and salicylic acids whose existence can be related to the endophytic fungi and/or dietary intake whereas GC-MS analysis exhibited diverse chemical structures such as cholesterol, oleic acid and glycerol 1-palmitate

Effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of wild Mediterranean edible plant extracts

The recent interest in wild edible plants is associated with their health benefits, which are mainly due to their richness in antioxidant compounds, particularly phenolics. Nevertheless, some of these compounds are metabolized after ingestion, being transformed into metabolites frequently with lower antioxidant activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the digestive process on the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of extracts from four wild edible plants used in the Mediterranean diet (Beta maritima L., Plantago major L., Oxalis pes-caprae L. and Scolymus hispanicus L.). HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that S. hispanicus is characterized by the presence of caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids and flavonol derivatives, P. major by high amounts of verbascoside, B. maritima possesses 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin derivatives and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and O. pes-caprae extract contains hydroxycinnamic acids and flavone derivatives. Total phenolic contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and antioxidant activity by the ABTS, DPPH, ORAC and FRAP assays. Phenolic contents of P. major and S. hispanicus extracts were not affected by digestion, but they significantly decreased in B. maritima after both phases of digestion process and in O. pes-caprae after the gastric phase. The antioxidant activity results varied with the extract and the method used to evaluate the activity. Results showed that P. major extract has the highest total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity, with considerable values even after digestion, reinforcing the health benefits of this species.European Union (FEDER funds through COMPETE)European Union (EU)European Union (FEDER)European Union (EU)Programa de Cooperacion Interreg V-A Espana - Portugal (POCTEP) 2014-2020 [0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E]project INTERREG - MD. Net: When Brand Meets PeopleFCT Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technolog

Synthesis, biological activity and molecular modeling of a new series of condensed 1,2,4-triazoles

A ring transformation of 6-methyl-7H[1,2,4]triazolo [4,3-b][1,2,4] triazepine-8(9H)-ones (thiones) in the presence of acetic anhydride give rise to a new series of 17 condensed 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (1–17). Plausible mechanisms are proposed and show the formation of a beta fused β-lactam moiety. The compounds were tested for their (i) inhibitory potential on digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and (ii) antioxidant activity using radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS radicals) and ferric reducing power assays. The compounds showed interesting and promising antidiabetic activities compared to the reference drug Acarbose. Molecular docking study has been carried out to determine the binding mode interactions between these derivatives and the targeted enzymes. The results showed the strength of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in ligand-receptor complexes as an important descriptor in rationalizing the observed inhibition results. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations are also performed for the best protein-ligand complex to understand the stability of small molecule in a protein environment. To shed light on the antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds and the mechanism involved in DPPH free radical, DFT calculations were performed at the B3P86/6-311++G(d,p) level using the polarizable continuum model. The effect of aprotic solvent on bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) is investigated by calculating and comparing BDEs of 1 in methanol and dimethylsulfoxide as solvents using PCM. The obtained results show that the mechanism of action depends on the basic skeleton and the presence of substituted functional groups in these derivatives. BDEs are found to be slightly influenced by the aprotic solvent of less than 0.01 kcal/mol compared with those obtained in methanol. © 2019 Elsevier Inc