Production de celluloses pures à partir de pâte à papier par un procédé propre au peroxyde d'hydrogène catalysé

L objectif de ce travail est donc de développer un procédé industriel, propre, de production de cellulose pure à partir de pâte kraft non blanchie, basé sur la catalyse du peroxyde d hydrogène et utilisant si nécessaire des traitements complémentaires sans chlore. A cet effet, deux approches sont adoptées : (i) délignification de pâte kraft avec du peroxyde d'hydrogène et (ii) purification de la pâte à la soude et ozone. La réaction du système cuivre-phénanthroline / peroxyde d'hydrogène avec un composé modèle de lignine non phénolique, l alcool vératrylique a été étudié. L effet du catalyseur sur la délignification et sur la dégradation des hydrates de carbone a été examiné. La purification des pâtes ainsi obtenues par une extraction alcaline à froid ainsi qu un stade de blanchiment final à l ozone. Enfin, il a été montré que les moléculaires des celluloses (DMM) des celluloses produites étaient comparables à celles des pâtes au bisulfite acide où pré-hydrolyse krafts utilisés pour les applications viscose.This research work describes the production of pure cellulose from hardwood kraft pulp by an environmental friendly process. To achieve this goal two main strategies are approached: (i) pulp deilgnification and (ii) pulp purification. For pulp delignification hydrogen peroxide is chosen with copper phenanthroline complex. Initially oxidation efficiency of copper phenanthroline with hydrogen peroxide is studied with lignin model compound, i.e., veratryl alcohol. Then its delignification effect is studied with oxygen delignified kraft pulp. After delignification pulp is purified by cold caustic extraction and ozone treatment. With this approach pure cellulose is produced, whose chemical properties are similar the different grades of pure celluloses available. By this process a wide rang of pure celluloses can be produced for different products.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Production de celluloses pures à partir de pâte à papier par un procédé propre au peroxyde d'hydrogène catalysé

L objectif de ce travail est donc de développer un procédé industriel, propre, de production de cellulose pure à partir de pâte kraft non blanchie, basé sur la catalyse du peroxyde d hydrogène et utilisant si nécessaire des traitements complémentaires sans chlore. A cet effet, deux approches sont adoptées : (i) délignification de pâte kraft avec du peroxyde d'hydrogène et (ii) purification de la pâte à la soude et ozone. La réaction du système cuivre-phénanthroline / peroxyde d'hydrogène avec un composé modèle de lignine non phénolique, l alcool vératrylique a été étudié. L effet du catalyseur sur la délignification et sur la dégradation des hydrates de carbone a été examiné. La purification des pâtes ainsi obtenues par une extraction alcaline à froid ainsi qu un stade de blanchiment final à l ozone. Enfin, il a été montré que les moléculaires des celluloses (DMM) des celluloses produites étaient comparables à celles des pâtes au bisulfite acide où pré-hydrolyse krafts utilisés pour les applications viscose.This research work describes the production of pure cellulose from hardwood kraft pulp by an environmental friendly process. To achieve this goal two main strategies are approached: (i) pulp deilgnification and (ii) pulp purification. For pulp delignification hydrogen peroxide is chosen with copper phenanthroline complex. Initially oxidation efficiency of copper phenanthroline with hydrogen peroxide is studied with lignin model compound, i.e., veratryl alcohol. Then its delignification effect is studied with oxygen delignified kraft pulp. After delignification pulp is purified by cold caustic extraction and ozone treatment. With this approach pure cellulose is produced, whose chemical properties are similar the different grades of pure celluloses available. By this process a wide rang of pure celluloses can be produced for different products.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Seminal Plasma Exposures Strengthen Vaccine Responses in the Female Reproductive Tract Mucosae

HIV-1 sexual transmission occurs mainly via mucosal semen exposures. In the female reproductive tract (FRT), seminal plasma (SP) induces physiological modifications, including inflammation. An effective HIV-1 vaccine should elicit mucosal immunity, however, modifications of vaccine responses by the local environment remain to be characterized. Using a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) as a vaccine model, we characterized the impact of HIV-1+ SP intravaginal exposure on the local immune responses of non-human primates. Multiple HIV-1+ SP exposures did not impact the anti-MVA antibody responses. However, SP exposures revealed an anti-MVA responses mediated by CD4+ T cells, which was not observed in the control group. Furthermore, the frequency and the quality of specific anti-MVA CD8+ T cell responses increased in the FRT exposed to SP. Multi-parameter approaches clearly identified the cervix as the most impacted compartment in the FRT. SP exposures induced a local cell recruitment of antigen presenting cells, especially CD11c+ cells, and CD8+ T cell recruitment in the FRT draining lymph nodes. CD11c+ cell recruitment was associated with upregulation of inflammation-related gene expression after SP exposures in the cervix. We thus highlight the fact that physiological conditions, such as SP exposures, should be taken into consideration to test and to improve vaccine efficacy against HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections

ORACLE : A sample-return mission to Titan

With a hazy atmosphere, a hydrocarbon cycle, seasons, and a diverse set of surface features, Titan is one of the most unique objects in the Solar System. Further exploration of Titan can elucidate its geologic activity, chemical history, and astrobiological potential. While one-way missions can provide a wealth of information about Titan through remote sensing, in-situ measurements, and communication relays back to Earth, returning samples from Titan allows for unparalleled scientific analysis. Here, we propose a novel mission concept to explore and analyze Titan in situ and return samples from its hydrocarbon lakes. Within ORACLE, a separate lander and orbiter segment will perform all the scientific investigations and collect the hydrocarbon lake samples. After collection of the samples, another segment will return the samples to Earth while the lander and orbiter continue investigating Titan. This mission concept demonstrates novel Titan lake sampling technology and incorporates sample return and in-situ scientific investigation to significantly increase our understanding of Titan, with far broader planetary science implications

Modelling the response to vaccine in non-human primates to define SARS-CoV-2 mechanistic correlates of protection

The definition of correlates of protection is critical for the development of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms. Here, we propose a model-based approach for identifying mechanistic correlates of protection based on mathematical modelling of viral dynamics and data mining of immunological markers. The application to three different studies in non-human primates evaluating SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on CD40-targeting, two-component spike nanoparticle and mRNA 1273 identifies and quantifies two main mechanisms that are a decrease of rate of cell infection and an increase in clearance of infected cells. Inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2 appears to be a robust mechanistic correlate of protection across the three vaccine platforms although not capturing the whole biological vaccine effect. The model shows that RBD/ACE2 binding inhibition represents a strong mechanism of protection which required significant reduction in blocking potency to effectively compromise the control of viral replication.Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research InstituteInfrastructure nationale pour la modélisation des maladies infectieuses humaine

Molecular epidemiology of DFNB1 deafness in France

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the GJB2 gene have been established as a major cause of inherited non syndromic deafness in different populations. A high number of sequence variations have been described in the GJB2 gene and the associated pathogenic effects are not always clearly established. The prevalence of a number of mutations is known to be population specific, and therefore population specific testing should be a prerequisite step when molecular diagnosis is offered. Moreover, population studies are needed to determine the contribution of GJB2 variants to deafness. We present our findings from the molecular diagnostic screening of the GJB2 and GJB6 genes over a three year period, together with a population-based study of GJB2 variants. METHODS AND RESULTS: Molecular studies were performed using denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatograghy (DHPLC) and sequencing of the GJB2 gene. Over the last 3 years we have studied 159 families presenting sensorineural hearing loss, including 84 with non syndromic, stable, bilateral deafness. Thirty families were genotyped with causative mutations. In parallel, we have performed a molecular epidemiology study on more than 3000 dried blood spots and established the frequency of the GJB2 variants in our population. Finally, we have compared the prevalence of the variants in the hearing impaired population with the general population. CONCLUSION: Although a high heterogeneity of sequence variation was observed in patients and controls, the 35delG mutation remains the most common pathogenic mutation in our population. Genetic counseling is dependent on the knowledge of the pathogenicity of the mutations and remains difficult in a number of cases. By comparing the sequence variations observed in hearing impaired patients with those sequence variants observed in general population, from the same ethnic background, we show that the M34T, V37I and R127H variants can not be responsible for profound or severe deafness

European Lung Cancer Working Party. Clinical Practice Guidelines. Small Cell Lung Cancer: V. Extensive disease

The present guidelines on the management of extensive disease small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were formulated by the ELCWP in October 2007. They are designed to answer the following nine questions: 1) What is the definition of extensive disease? 2)What are the active drugs? 3) What is the best induction regimen? 4) Is there a role for maintenance chemotherapy? 5) Is there a role for dose-intensive chemotherapy? 6) Is there a role for the use of haemopoietic growth factors and stem cells support? 7) Is there a role for alternating or sequential chemotherapy? 8) Is there a role for biological treatments? 9) Is there a place for second-line chemotherapy

Two-component spike nanoparticle vaccine protects macaques from SARS-CoV-2 infection

Brouwer et al. present preclinical evidence in support of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate, designed as a self-assembling two-component protein nanoparticle displaying multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which induces strong neutralizing antibody responses and protects from high-dose SARS-CoV-2 challenge.The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is continuing to disrupt personal lives, global healthcare systems, and economies. Hence, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that prevents viral infection, transmission, and disease. Here, we present a two-component protein-based nanoparticle vaccine that displays multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Immunization studies show that this vaccine induces potent neutralizing antibody responses in mice, rabbits, and cynomolgus macaques. The vaccine-induced immunity protects macaques against a high-dose challenge, resulting in strongly reduced viral infection and replication i

A Solve-RD ClinVar-based reanalysis of 1522 index cases from ERN-ITHACA reveals common pitfalls and misinterpretations in exome sequencing

Purpose Within the Solve-RD project (https://solve-rd.eu/), the European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies aimed to investigate whether a reanalysis of exomes from unsolved cases based on ClinVar annotations could establish additional diagnoses. We present the results of the “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” reanalysis, reasons for the failure of previous analyses, and lessons learned. Methods Data from the first 3576 exomes (1522 probands and 2054 relatives) collected from European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies was reanalyzed by the Solve-RD consortium by evaluating for the presence of single-nucleotide variant, and small insertions and deletions already reported as (likely) pathogenic in ClinVar. Variants were filtered according to frequency, genotype, and mode of inheritance and reinterpreted. Results We identified causal variants in 59 cases (3.9%), 50 of them also raised by other approaches and 9 leading to new diagnoses, highlighting interpretation challenges: variants in genes not known to be involved in human disease at the time of the first analysis, misleading genotypes, or variants undetected by local pipelines (variants in off-target regions, low quality filters, low allelic balance, or high frequency). Conclusion The “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” analysis represents an effective, fast, and easy approach to recover causal variants from exome sequencing data, herewith contributing to the reduction of the diagnostic deadlock

Comportement de mélanges de pâtes papetières chimiques et mécaniques lors de traitements par le peroxyde d'hydrogène en présence d'oxygène (application au blanchiment de fibres recyclées)

GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF