Carotenoid dietary intakes and plasma concentrations are associated with heel bone ultrasound attenuation and osteoporotic fracture risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort – CORRIGENDUM

 Details: correct minor error in table 2. Currently reads: Total fracture incidence for retinol Q5 reads 467/11510 and total intake 260/6538. This should read: Total fracture incidence for retinol Q5 should read 85/2302 and total intake 467/11510.</p

Alcohol consumption and future hospital usage: The EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Heavy drinkers of alcohol are reported to use hospitals more than non-drinkers, but it is unclear whether light-to-moderate drinkers use hospitals more than non-drinkers.</p><p>Objective</p><p>We examined the relationship between alcohol consumption in 10,883 men and 12,857 women aged 40–79 years in the general population and subsequent admissions to hospital and time spent in hospital.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Participants from the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population-based study were followed for ten years (1999–2009) using record linkage.</p><p>Results</p><p>Compared to current non-drinkers, men who reported any alcohol drinking had a lower risk of spending more than twenty days in hospital multivariable adjusted OR 0.80 (95%CI 0.68–0.94) after adjusting for age, smoking status, education, social class, body mass index and prevalent diseases. Women who were current drinkers were less likely to have any hospital admissions multivariable adjusted OR 0.84 (95%CI 0.74–0.95), seven or more admissions OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.66–0.88) or more than twenty hospital days OR 0.70 (95%CI 0.62–0.80). However, compared to lifelong abstainers, men who were former drinkers had higher risk of any hospital admissions multivariable adjusted OR 2.22 (95%CI 1.51–3.28) and women former drinkers had higher risk of seven or more admissions OR 1.30 (95%CI 1.01–1.67).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Current alcohol consumption was associated with lower risk of future hospital usage compared with non-drinkers in this middle aged and older population. In men, this association may in part be due to whether former drinkers are included in the non-drinker reference group but in women, the association was consistent irrespective of the choice of reference group. In addition, there were few participants in this cohort with very high current alcohol intake. The measurement of past drinking, the separation of non-drinkers into former drinkers and lifelong abstainers and the choice of reference group are all influential in interpreting the risk of alcohol consumption on future hospitalisation.</p></div

Logistic regression models for any hospital admissions comparing non-drinkers with current drinkers in subgroups in 23,740 men and women aged 40–79 years 1993–1997.

<p>Logistic regression models for any hospital admissions comparing non-drinkers with current drinkers in subgroups in 23,740 men and women aged 40–79 years 1993–1997.</p

Descriptive characteristics by alcohol category for men in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort 1993–1997 and hospital admission 1999–2009.

<p>Descriptive characteristics by alcohol category for men in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort 1993–1997 and hospital admission 1999–2009.</p

Age adjusted and multivariable logistic regression of risk factors for any hospital admissions (compared to none), ≥7 hospital admissions (compared to <7 admissions) and >20 days of hospital stay (compared to ≤20 days) from 1999–2009 in 23,740 men and women aged 40–79 years 1993–1997.

<p>Age adjusted and multivariable logistic regression of risk factors for any hospital admissions (compared to none), ≥7 hospital admissions (compared to <7 admissions) and >20 days of hospital stay (compared to ≤20 days) from 1999–2009 in 23,740 men and women aged 40–79 years 1993–1997.</p

Hazard ratios for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality by quintile group of proportional less-healthy food consumption in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk (<i>n</i> = 24,880).

<p>Hazard ratios for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality by quintile group of proportional less-healthy food consumption in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk (<i>n</i> = 24,880).</p

Cox regression models for incident cardiovascular disease in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk (<i>n</i> = 22,992).

<p>Cox regression models for incident cardiovascular disease in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk (<i>n</i> = 22,992).</p

Baseline characteristics of participants: The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study (<i>n</i> = 22,992).

<p>Baseline characteristics of participants: The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study (<i>n</i> = 22,992).</p

Flow diagram summarising participants included in the analysis.

<p>Flow diagram summarising participants included in the analysis.</p

Hazard ratios of incident cardiovascular disease by quintile group of proportional fruit and vegetable consumption in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk (<i>n</i> = 22,992).

<p>Hazard ratios of incident cardiovascular disease by quintile group of proportional fruit and vegetable consumption in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk (<i>n</i> = 22,992).</p