50 research outputs found
Zwischen Anspruch und RealitÀt: Evidenzbasierte QualitÀtsentwicklung durch Integration von QualitÀtsmanagement und Hochschuldidaktik
Eine evidenzbasierte Gestaltung von Studium und Lehre, wie sie heute normativ eingefordert wird, bedarf des integrierten Zusammenwirkens von QualitĂ€tsmanagement und Hochschuldidaktik â aber gibt es dieses in der Praxis? Mit Blick auf die allgemeine Befundlage, aber auch anhand einer eigenen empirischen Untersuchung zeigt der Beitrag diesbezĂŒglich auf, dass QualitĂ€tsmanagement und Hochschuldidaktik als weitgehend desintegrierte Funktionsbereiche wahrgenommen werden und Evidenzbasierung in der Praxis folglich keinen sehr hohen Stellenwert genieĂt. Ausgehend von einer Ursachenanalyse wird auf die dysfunktionalen, aber auch auf die funktionalen Auswirkungen dieser Separierung aufmerksam gemacht
QualitÀtsmanagement als Treiber einer evidenzbasierten QualitÀtsentwicklung von Studium und Lehre?
Evidenzbasierte QualitĂ€tsentwicklung von Studium und Lehre bedarf des Engagements von Hochschulleitungen und der Reflexionsbereitschaft von Lehrenden, aber vor allem auch der UnterstĂŒtzung durch das hochschulische QualitĂ€tsmanagement (QM). Ausgehend von einem VerstĂ€ndnis von QM als intermediĂ€rer Instanz zwischen Hochschuldidaktik und Lehrpraxis widmet sich der Beitrag daher der Frage, inwiefern QM auf diese Aufgabe vorbereitet ist. Anhand einer qualitativen und einer quantitativen Befragung von QM-BeschĂ€ftigten deutscher Hochschulen wird ein diesbezĂŒglich eher skeptisches Bild gezeichnet. Statt einer Wissenschaftsorientierung scheinen vielmehr pragmatische KalkĂŒle und damit einhergehende Zweckkonflikte die QM-Praxis zu dominieren
Evaluation als Koordinationsproblem? Koordination von Lehrveranstaltungsbewertungen an deutschen Hochschulen im Kontext organisationaler VerÀnderungen
Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie Lehrveranstaltungsevaluationen an deutschen Hochschulen koordiniert werden. Dabei wird untersucht, welche Akteure und welche Ebenen fĂŒr die Lehrveranstaltungsbewertungen zustĂ€ndig und bei der Rechenschaftslegung beteiligt sind. Die empirischen Befunde zeigen, dass Lehrveranstaltungsbewertungen in den meisten FĂ€llen mit relativ geringem Aufwand koordiniert werden. Dementsprechend werden nur wenige Akteure ĂŒber wenige Ebenen hinweg mit der Erarbeitung und Auswertung von Evaluationsergebnissen betraut. DarĂŒber hinaus liefert der Artikel DenkanstöĂe fĂŒr weitere Analyseperspektiven zum Thema Evaluation und Koordination.This article studies how course evaluations are coordinated at German institutions of higher education. It investigates the internal actors and levels that are responsible for course evaluation and the analysis of evaluation results and reports. Our empirical evidence reveals that the higher education institutions do not put much effort in coordinating course evaluations and their subsequent analysis. Hence only a few actors and a few levels are involved in the development and analysis of course evaluations
Decoherence in Josephson Qubits from Dielectric Loss
Dielectric loss from two-level states is shown to be a dominant decoherence
source in superconducting quantum bits. Depending on the qubit design,
dielectric loss from insulating materials or the tunnel junction can lead to
short coherence times. We show that a variety of microwave and qubit
measurements are well modeled by loss from resonant absorption of two-level
defects. Our results demonstrate that this loss can be significantly reduced by
using better dielectrics and fabricating junctions of small area . With a redesigned phase qubit employing low-loss
dielectrics, the energy relaxation rate has been improved by a factor of 20,
opening up the possibility of multi-qubit gates and algorithms.Comment: shortened version submitted to PR
Navigating the Future of Organisational Health Services Research in Germany and beyond:a Position Paper
Background Recent analyses have shown that in health services research in Germany, healthcare organisations are often considered primarily as a study setting, without fully taking their complex organisational nature into account, neither theoretically nor methodologically. Therefore, an initiative was launched to analyse the state of Organisational Health Services Research (OHSR) in Germany and to develop a strategic framework and road map to guide future efforts in the field. This paper summarizes positions that have been jointly developed by consulting experts from the interdisciplinary and international scientific community.Methods In July 2023, a scoping workshop over the course of three days was held with 32 (inter)national experts from different research fields centred around OHSR topics using interactive workshop methods. Participants discussed their perspectives on OHSR, analysed current challenges in OHSR in Germany and developed key positions for the fieldâs development.Results The seven agreed-upon key positions addressed conceptual and strategic aspects. There was consensus that the field required the development of a research agenda that can guide future efforts. On a conceptual level, the need to address challenges in terms of interdisciplinarity, terminology, organisation(s) as research subjects, international comparative research and utilisation of organisational theory was recognized. On a strategic level, requirements with regard to teaching, promotion of interdisciplinary and international collaboration, suitable funding opportunities and participatory research were identified.Conclusions This position paper seeks to serve as a framework to support further development of OHSR in Germany and as a guide for researchers and funding organisations on how to move OHSR forward. Some of the challenges discussed for German OHSR are equally present in other countries. Thus, this position paper can be used to initiate fruitful discussions in other countries
The White Mountain Polarimeter Telescope and an Upper Limit on CMB Polarization
The White Mountain Polarimeter (WMPol) is a dedicated ground-based microwave
telescope and receiver system for observing polarization of the Cosmic
Microwave Background. WMPol is located at an altitude of 3880 meters on a
plateau in the White Mountains of Eastern California, USA, at the Barcroft
Facility of the University of California White Mountain Research Station.
Presented here is a description of the instrument and the data collected during
April through October 2004. We set an upper limit on -mode polarization of
14 (95% confidence limit) in the multipole range
. This result was obtained with 422 hours of observations of a 3
sky area about the North Celestial Pole, using a 42 GHz
polarimeter. This upper limit is consistent with polarization predicted
from a standard -CDM concordance model.Comment: 35 pages. 12 figures. To appear in ApJ
Quantum bits with Josephson junctions
Already in the first edition of this book (Barone and Paterno, "Fundamentals
and Physics and Applications of the Josephson Effect", Wiley 1982), a great
number of interesting and important applications for Josephson junctions were
discussed. In the decades that have passed since then, several new applications
have emerged. This chapter treats one such new class of applications: quantum
optics and quantum information processing (QIP) based on superconducting
circuits with Josephson junctions. In this chapter, we aim to explain the
basics of superconducting quantum circuits with Josephson junctions and
demonstrate how these systems open up new prospects, both for QIP and for the
study of quantum optics and atomic physics.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures. Book chapter for a new edition of Barone and
Paterno's "Fundamentals and Physics and Applications of the Josephson
Effect". Final versio
Readout of a quantum processor with high dynamic range Josephson parametric amplifiers
We demonstrate a high dynamic range Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) in
which the active nonlinear element is implemented using an array of rf-SQUIDs.
The device is matched to the 50 environment with a Klopfenstein-taper
impedance transformer and achieves a bandwidth of 250-300 MHz, with input
saturation powers up to -95 dBm at 20 dB gain. A 54-qubit Sycamore processor
was used to benchmark these devices, providing a calibration for readout power,
an estimate of amplifier added noise, and a platform for comparison against
standard impedance matched parametric amplifiers with a single dc-SQUID. We
find that the high power rf-SQUID array design has no adverse effect on system
noise, readout fidelity, or qubit dephasing, and we estimate an upper bound on
amplifier added noise at 1.6 times the quantum limit. Lastly, amplifiers with
this design show no degradation in readout fidelity due to gain compression,
which can occur in multi-tone multiplexed readout with traditional JPAs.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Measurement-Induced State Transitions in a Superconducting Qubit: Within the Rotating Wave Approximation
Superconducting qubits typically use a dispersive readout scheme, where a
resonator is coupled to a qubit such that its frequency is qubit-state
dependent. Measurement is performed by driving the resonator, where the
transmitted resonator field yields information about the resonator frequency
and thus the qubit state. Ideally, we could use arbitrarily strong resonator
drives to achieve a target signal-to-noise ratio in the shortest possible time.
However, experiments have shown that when the average resonator photon number
exceeds a certain threshold, the qubit is excited out of its computational
subspace, which we refer to as a measurement-induced state transition. These
transitions degrade readout fidelity, and constitute leakage which precludes
further operation of the qubit in, for example, error correction. Here we study
these transitions using a transmon qubit by experimentally measuring their
dependence on qubit frequency, average photon number, and qubit state, in the
regime where the resonator frequency is lower than the qubit frequency. We
observe signatures of resonant transitions between levels in the coupled
qubit-resonator system that exhibit noisy behavior when measured repeatedly in
time. We provide a semi-classical model of these transitions based on the
rotating wave approximation and use it to predict the onset of state
transitions in our experiments. Our results suggest the transmon is excited to
levels near the top of its cosine potential following a state transition, where
the charge dispersion of higher transmon levels explains the observed noisy
behavior of state transitions. Moreover, occupation in these higher energy
levels poses a major challenge for fast qubit reset