Testing of site-specific yield in different harvest passes

U ovom radu analizirana je razlika u masenom prinosu vlažnog zrna uljane repice za 6 različitih prohoda žitnog kombajna duž parcele. Za potrebe analize korišten je Mann-Whitney U test i Z statistike. Za prvi i četvrti prohod je Z vrijednost svega 0,211, a razina statističke značajnost kojim se ovo tvrdi 0,8333, te nema statistički značajne razlike između vrijednosti prinosa u ovim prohodima. Utvrđeno je da postoji još tri para sličnih prohoda, od kojih su dva susjedna, dok su svi ostali prohodi statistički različiti u odnosu na prinos. Približna vrijednost statističkog pokazatelja effect size r primijenjena je za sve prohode kod kojih se ispostavilo da se statistički značajno razlikuju. Najveća razlika uočena je između drugog i trećeg prohoda za koje vrijednost effect size r iznosi 0,464 što bi se po Cohenov kriteriju smatralo srednjim utjecajem. Ovaj rad sugerira proširenje trenutne rutine analize prinosa ka automatiziranoj naknadnoj analizi.This paper analyzes the differences in mass yield of moist rapeseed grain for six different passes of combine harvester along the plot. The Mann-Whitney U test and Z-statistic are used for analysis needs. For harvest pass 1 and pass 4 the Z-value is only 0,211, whereas the statistical significance level to confirm this finding is 0,8333, therefore there is not statistically significant difference between yield levels in mentioned passes. It is established that there are another three pairs of similar harvest passes, of which two are adjacent, while all other passes exhibit statistical difference with respect to the yield. The approximate value of the effect size r indicator is applied for all passes, where a statistically significant difference turned out to exist between them. The highest difference is noted between pass 2 and pass 3, the effect size r value amounting to 0,464, which can be considered a large effect size according to Cohen’s criterion. This paper suggests extending the current routine implementation of yield analysis to an automated post-processing system

Academics perception of public areas video surveillance in smart cities

The growing trend of the urban population looks for the formation of the concept of Smart Cities, based on the principles of sustainable development, which will meet the needs of people who live in them. The city must develop its public service infrastructure to provide all the requirements for the population. One of the requirements, people living in cities is the security of public areas managed by the city. The system of video surveillance, public areas should contribute to the personal safety of citizens, children and traffic, reducing the rate of crime and more efficient operation of public services. This research aims to examine academics' opinions (perceptions) about the impact of security cameras on increasing security within the concept of Smart Cities. The research had conducted on the territory of Serbia through an online survey. The obtained data were processed statistically by Chi-square and T-test, ANOVA method, multiple regression and correlation using SPSS application. The research indicates that academics much more believe in the contribution of video surveillance, reducing the crime rate, than studies of the effectiveness of the use of video surveillance shows. Video camera monitoring accelerates the reactions of competent services, but video camera recordings have not always been accepted as evidence in court

Uporedna analiza proizvodnje različitih nasadnih kategorija šarana u poluintenzivnom sistemu gajenja

Šaran (Cyprinus carpio) je kao slatkovodna vrsta široko zastupljena kada je u pitanju farmsko gajenje riba u centralnoj i istočnoj Evropi. Na području Srbije, “klasična” poluintenzivna proizvodnja je dominantan tip gajenja riba, sa preko 95% ukupno proizvedenog šarana, a zasnovana je na kombinaciji prirodne i dodatne hrane (žitarica i smeša koncentrata). Kada je reč o gajenju različitih kategorija šarana u okviru jednog proizvodnog objekta, uglavnom se pristupa gajenju samo jedne kategorije. Razlog tome su jednostavniji i manji manipulativni procesi prilikom izlova kao i sama ishrana riba, naročito kad su u pitanju žitarice i ručno hranjenje. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se analiziraju mogućnosti gajenja mešanog nasada različitih kategorija šarana u odnosu na gajenje samo jedne kategorije. Eksperiment je realizovan na proizvodnom ribnjaku OZZ “Despotovo“ iz Despotova. U toku jedne proizvodne sezone, na ribnjačkim površinama A, B i C, analiziran je uticaj kombinovanog i nezavisnog gajenja dvogodišnjeg (S1+) i konzumnog šarana (S2+) na proizvodne karakteristike u poluintenzivnom sistemu gajenja, upotrebom peletirane hrane. Na osnovu dobijenih podataka o masi riba i količine potrošene hrane, dobijeni su rezultati ostvarenog prirasta (BWG) i koeficijenta konverzije hrane (FCR). Gajenjem jedne kategorije šarana ostvaren je bolji BWG nego kombinovanim gajenjem dve uzrasne kategorije riba u okviru istog proizvodnog objekta. Rezultati ostvarenog prirasta pokazali su razlike između jezera (A = 2 287 kg/ha; B = 1 399 kg/ha; C = 988 kg/ha). Razlog tome je potencijal prirasta nasađenih kategorija riba, jer se kod S1+ ostvaruje oko 3 puta veći prirast nego pri gajenju starije kategorije (S2+). FCR je takođe bio najniži pri gajenju samo S1+ (2.26). Pri kombinovanom gajenju S1+ i S2+ vrednost FCR bila viša (2.41) nego u jezeru A, ali i znatno niža nego pri gajenju S2+ u jezeru C (3.2). Korišćenje peletirane hrane sa višim sadržajem proteina (35/7), dodatno je uticalo na postizanje boljih rezultata kod S1+ gajene u jezeru A, nego kod S1+ i S2+ gajene u jezerima B i C. Ovo potvrđuju i drugi istraživači, koji ukazuju da je prirast riba bolji ukoliko je riba hranjena smešom sa većim sadržajem proteina, posebno onih životinjskog porekla. Razlike u FCR-u se pripisuju bržem metabolizmu koji je prisutan kod mlađih kategorija riba. Na osnovu vrednosti ostvarenog prirasta riba, gajenjem samo S1+ (A = 2 287 kg/ha) ili S2+ (C = 988 kg/ha), postiže se za 10% niža vrednost nego pri kombinovanom gajenju S1+ i S2+ (B = 1 399 kg/ha). Razlog tome je što mlađe kategorije riba (usled zbijenijih branhiospina) bolje iskorišćavaju sitnije organizme koji čine prirodnu hranu, kao i sitnije frakcije dodatne hrane koja se brže raspada u vodi kada se u ishrani riba koristi peletirana hrana. Moglo bi se zaključiti da se bolji rezultati BWG i FCR ostvaruju ukoliko se gaji samo jedna kategorija riba. Međutim, na osnovu preračunatog odnosa u nasadu S1+ i S2+ (20 : 80) u okviru istog jezera i ostvarenog prirasta (kg/ha) u individualnom gajenju, može se zaključiti da je prirast viši za oko 10% pri gajenju mešanog nasada S1+ i S2+

Application of Statistical Indicators for Digital Image Analysis and Segmentation in Sorting of Agriculture Products

Food processing industry is moving forward to a full automation of all processes, especially in technological line segments which represent critical control points of food safety. One of these points is color sorting by using machine vision, where inappropriate products are removed. Most important product appearance attributes are color and texture. During food processing, the product is captured by optical devices, mostly color cameras and lasers. The aim of this paper is to investigate new eligibility criteria for digital image segmentation by using only image from the camera. The goal is to describe the texture of the product, based on chosen mathematical measures, and to allow for recognition and then classification according to the predefined range of values in an appropriate class. Images of frozen raspberry were used. Image analysis of color parameters in RGB color space and statistical tests to examine normality of data were carried out. Thereafter, one-way Anova and correlation analysis was performed. Statistically significant difference was found for the values of two indicators: entropy and new criteria were derived from standard deviation, as well as mean values of pixels for every channel, and marked as L. After determining the range of these criteria, a new algorithm was developed for image segmentation written in Matlab. One of the results of applying this algorithm is that more than 80% of good products were recognized

Ispitivanje ujednačenosti isejavanja semena metodom odzivnih površina

The subject of this paper is to optimize the uniformity seeding distances using response surface methodology and validated optimal level variables. Variables are modeled as a vacuum on the seed plate, diameter planting holes and peripheral speed of sowing records. The method can be used to optimize seeding distance of field and vegetable crops for which sowing is used pneumatic vacuum seeding machine. The models are valid for the speed of rotation of the plate seeding 0.053 m•s-1 to 0.192 m•s-1, the diameter of the holes in the seed plate from 1.66 mm to 3.34 mm and the vacuum of the seed plate 2.64 kPa to 9.36 kPa. Accuracy seeding distance depends on the diameter of the holes in the seed plate. The optimum value of about 3 mm in diameter is used for cotton seeds in the experiment. The level of vacuum pressure is important and connected with a diameter holes and the choice of its optimal level based on the physical properties of the seeds is about 5.5 kPa.Predmet ovog rada je optimizacija ujednačenosti isejavanja semena korišćenjem metode odzivnih površina i provera optimalnog nivoa promenljivih. Promenljive su modelirane kao potpritisak na setvenim pločama, prečnik setvenih otvora i periferna brzina setvenih ploča. Metoda može da se koristi za optimizaciju međusetvenog rastojanja svih ratarskih i povrtarskih kultura za čiju setvu se koristi pneumatska sejalica sa potpritiskom. Modeli su shodno usvojenim koeficijentima važeći za brzinu rotacije setvenih ploča od 0.053 m•s-1 do 0.192 m•s-1, za prečnik otvora na setvenim pločama od 1.66 mm do 3.34 mm i za potpritisak na setvenim pločama od 2.64 kPa do 9.36 kPa

Analiza ekonomskih pokazatelja u primeni GPS tehnologije u Poljoprivrednom kombinatu Beograd

This paper examined the level of savings in the application of modern technical systems for satellite guidance and control over performing agricultural operations throughout the season. The exemplary property was Agricultural Corporation Belgrade (PKB), which covers about 21.000 hectares of arable land. The effects of plot shape and direction of movement of tractor-attachment units in calculating the savings from reduced overlapping of adjacent passes were studied. The analysis was carried out of savings per crop (maize, wheat, soybean, sugar beet and alfalfa) and the operations for each crop separately, based on the manufacturing technology applied to an exemplary property. Detailed data are shown only for maize. Comparing the achieved level of savings, the application of guidance for the type of the most economically viable operations was found as well as the needed equipment level of guidance devices and management. In particular, the analysis involved the functional dependence of the economic savings in fuel and inputs for the operations such as mineral fertilizers distribution and chemical plant protection. Tabulated are the data estimates for the degree of anticipated savings for operations related to the five analyzed crops.U ovom radu ispitan je stepen ušteda pri primeni najsavremenijih tehničkih sistema za satelitsko navođenje i automatsko upravljanje pri obavljanju poljoprivrednih operacija tokom cele sezone. Uzorno imanje bila je Poljoprivredna korporacija Beograd koja se prostire na oko 21.000 hektara obradive površine. Analiziran je uticaj oblika parcele i pravca kretanja agregata traktor-priključna mašina pri kalkulisanju ušteda usled smanjenja preklopa susednih prohoda. Izvršena je analiza ušteda po kulturama (kukuruz, pšenica, soja, šećerna repa i detelina) i po operacijama za svaku kulturu pojedinačno, prema tehnologiji proizvodnje primenjenoj na uzornom imanju. Detaljno su prikazani podaci samo za kukuruz. Poređenjem ostvarenih stepena uštede zaključeno je pri kojim operacijama je primena navođenja ekonomski najopravdanija i koliki nivo opremljenosti uređajima za navođenje i upravljanje je potreban. Posebno je analizirana funkcionalna zavisnost ekonomskih ušteda u gorivu i inputima za operacije distribucije mineralnog hraniva i hemijske zaštite biljaka. Tabelarno je data procena stepena svih očekivanih ušteda za operacije koje se odnose na pet analiziranih kultura

Matematička interpretacija parametara vibracionog dodavača voća po modelu masa-opruga-prigušivač

Dozators are subject to oscillations, so that it may be modeling as springmass- damper systems. In this paper are shown extended analysis of mathematical models and various possibilities according to the degree of damping are discussed. System time response is shown also. Application of this paper can be found in projecting and design of vibrating dozators as well all systems for processing fruit which consist dozators, especially in the area of energy efficiency. Results of research may be applied for whole hydraulic or pneumatic system, or for particular parts of the system.Vibracioni dodavači podležu oscilovanju i mogu se modelirati kao sistem masa-opruga-prigušivač. U ovom radu prikazana je detaljna analiza matematičkog modela i razmatrane razne mogućnosti u zavisnosti od stepena prigušenja. Prikazan je i vremenski odziv sistema. Primena ovog rada je u procesima projektovanja vibracionih dodavača kao i linija za preradu voća koje sadrže ove dodavače, naročito sa aspekta energetske efikasnosti. Rezultati istraživanja se mogu primeniti za ceo hidraulični i/ili pneumatski sistem, ili za izdvojeni deo sistema

Lack of Association between Polymorphism in ABCC2 Gene and Response to Antiepileptic Drug Treatment in Croatian Patients with Epilepsy

Despite advances in antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy, about one-third of patients with epilepsy are resistant to drug treatment. Functional impact of polymorphisms in drug-efflux transporter genes may contribute to multidrug resistance theory. Studies on ABCB1 gene gave contradictory results and available data suggest that this polymorphism may not directly cause altered P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transport activity but may be associated with one or more causal variants in the stretch of linkage disequilibrium or is caused by multiple gene polymorphisms. Genetic polymorphisms also occur frequently in other transmembrane transport systems including the multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs, ABCC2). The aim of this research was to investigate the possible association of ABCC2 gene polymorphisms G1249A in exon 10 and C24T in exon 1 with the development of drug resistance. This cross-sectional study is a part of ongoing pharmacogenomic study of epilepsy in Croatian population. All patients enrolled in the study had an established diagnosis of partial complex epilepsy with or without secondary generalization with non lesional brain MRI with epilepsy protocol and have been suffering for more than two years. They were divided into two groups. The first group comprised 52 patients refractory to the current therapy, while the second group consisted of 45 patients with well-controlled seizures. Our data did not identify any significant association between genetic polymorphisms of exon 1 (24C>T) and exon 10 (1249G<A) of ABCC2 gene or any combined effect in response to AED treatment and development of drug resistance in patients with partial complex epilepsy. Statistical significant difference was not found in genotype based analysis, allele frequency, haplotype and combined genotype analysis

Impact of sensor readings of grain mass yield on combine speed

Analiziran je utjecaj prinosa suhog zrna pšenice, ječma i uljane repice očitanih senzorom na brzinu gibanja kombajna tijekom žetve na tri parcele. Kombajn je bio opremljen senzorima za nadzor lokacijski specifičnog prinosa. U ovom radu su tablicama detaljno prikazane statističke procedure analize brzine za pšenicu, dok su krajnji rezultati istraživanja za ječam i uljanu repicu taksativno navedeni. Sve tri parcele su naknadno nakon obavljene žetve podijeljene u po tri skupine prema razini prinosa, i to na mali, srednji i veliki prinos, retrospektivno. Na parceli uljane repice Kruskal-Wallis H test nije otkrio statistički značajnu razliku brzine gibanja kombajna u dijelovima parcele koji pripadaju različitim skupinama prinosa, χ2(2, N = 2187) = 4,570, p = 0,102. Na parcelama s pšenicom i ječmom otkriveno je na temelju srednjih vrijednosti rangova grupa da je brzina najveća u skupini sa srednjim prinosom, pa se pristupilo naknadnoj analizi razlike među skupinama pomoću Mann-Whitney U test. Brzina gibanja kombajna tijekom žetve pšenice nije se razlikovala statistički značajno u dijelovima parcele s malim i velikim prinosom, Z = −1,213 i N = 3453, p = 0,225, dok se prilikom usporedbe brzina unutar srednje grupe prinosa s preostale dvije grupe razlikovala statistički značajno, i s veličinom učinka oko 0,1. Tijekom žetve ječma, brzina kombajna statistički se značajno razlikuje kada se uspoređuju sve tri skupine za niske i visoke utjecaje prema Cohen-ovom kriteriju na temelju veličine učinka.The paper analyzes the impact of sensor readings of dry grain mass yield of wheat, barley and rapeseed on combine speed during harvesting on three plots. The combine was fitted with site-specific yield monitoring sensors. This paper displays detailed tables of statistical procedure carried out for wheat in the analysis of combine speed, whereas final results for barley and rapeseed are itemized. After harvest, the three plots were divided into three groups each according to yield levels: low, medium and high, respectively. On the rapeseed plot, the Kruskal-Wallis H test did not reveal statistically significant difference in combine speed between the plot zones that belong to different yield-level groups, χ2(2, N = 2187) = 4,570, p = 0,102. On the basis of mean values for group ranks, the highest combine speed on wheat and barley plots has been found in the medium-yield-level group. Therefore, subsequent analysis of differences was conducted between the groups using Mann-Whitney U test. Combine speed during wheat harvest did not differ significantly in the low- and high-yield-level zones of the plot, Z = −1,213 and N = 3453, p = 0,225, while comparison between speeds within the medium-yield-level group to the other two groups exhibited statistically significant difference, effect size being approx. 0,1. During barley harvest, combine speeds differ statistically significantly when all three groups are compared for low and high impact according to Cohen’s criterion based on effect size