THE EFFECT OF TOPDRESSING BY NITROGEN ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHENOLOGICAL TRAITS OF FIBER FLAX VARIETIES

U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanih morfoloških i fenoloških svojstava sorata predivog lana bez prihrane i s prihranom dušikom (0 i 27 kg/ha). Pokusi su provedeni tijekom dvije godine (2004-2005) u Zagrebu i Posavskim Bregima. U pokusu je bilo zastupljeno pet inozemnih sorata predivog lana (Viking, Venica, Agatha, Electra i Ilona). Pokusi su postavljeni prema metodi slučajnog bloknog rasporeda u četiri ponavljanja. Na osnovi dobivenih istraživanja morfoloških i fenoloških svojstava predivog lana utvrđeno je da postoje signifikantne razlike između istraživanih sorata i između neprihranjivanog i prihranjivanog lana. Signifikantno najveće prinose sjemena ostvarile su sorte Ilona u Zagrebu i Electra u Posavskim Bregima. Prihranjivani usjev lana ostvario je veće vrijednosti istraživanih svojstava (prinos sjemena, broj tobolaca po biljci, broj sjemenki u tobolcu, masa 1000 sjemenki, porast nakon 60 dana). Sorte Viking i Venica pripadaju sortama rane vegetacijske grupe sazrijevanja, dok Agatha, Electra i Ilona pripadaju sortama kasne vegetacijske grupe.This paper presents the results of the investigated morphological and phenological traits of fiber flax cultivars with and without topdressing by nitrogen (0 i 27 kg/ha). Cultivars trials were set up in two years (2004-2005) and locations (Zagreb and Posavski Bregi). The trials involved five foreign cultivars of fiber flax (Viking, Venica, Agatha, Electra i Ilona) and were set up according to RCBD in four replications. According to the results of the research into the morphological and phenological traits of fiber flax, significant differences were established between the cultivars and without and with topdressing by nitrogen. Significantly highest values for seed yield were recorded in cultivars Ilona in Zagreb and Electra in Posavski Bregi. Higher values of the seed yield, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsules, 1000 seed weight and growth after 60 days were obtained with topdressing. Cultivars Viking and Venica belong to the early vegetation ripening group, while cultivars Agatha, Electra and Ilona belong to the full vegetation ripening group

Comparison of classical and in vitro multiplication of grapevine

U vinogradarskoj proizvodnji postupak cijepljenja predstavlja klasičan način dobivanja potomstva od matičnih biljaka vinove loze. To je najzastupljeniji način vegetativnog razmnožavanja, učinkovit je protiv filoksere, te daje dobre rezultate. Postupak se odvija u rasadniku, a nastali cjepovi predstavljaju klonove matičnih biljaka. In vitro razmnožavanje podrazumijeva brzo klonsko razmnožavanje biljnog materijala u sterilnim uvjetima. Prednosti in vitro razmnožavanja u odnosu na klasično razmnožavanje su kraći period dobivanja odraslih biljaka, te mogućnost ozdravljivanja biljnog materijala od virusa. Međutim, postupak in vitro razmnožavanja da bi bio uspješan zahtjeva testiranje pojedine sorte na kontrolirane uvjete. Cilj ovog rada je dati usporedbu prednosti i nedostataka klasičnog i in vitro razmnožavanja za vinovu lozu.In viticulture, the classical procedure of obtaining the adult plants is the procedure of grafting. It is the most common procedure of vegetative propagation, highly efficient against phylloxera, with significantly good results. The procedure is performed in nursery and obtained grafts present clones of mother plants. In vitro multiplication implies the fast clonal propagation of plant material in a sterile conditions. Advantages of in vitro multiplication in comparison with classical one is short period for achieving mother plants with the possibility of virus eradication of plant material. However, the procedure of in vitro multiplication is more demanding considering the fact that each variety has different response to controlled culture conditions, which need to be tested. The aim of this study is to give a comparison of advantages and disadvantages of classical and in vitro multiplication of grapevine

Assessment of family functioning functioning in families of patients on methadone maintenance treatment

Bolesti zavisnosti su mulifaktorijalne etiopatogeneze. U faktore rizika za oboljevanje spadaju i individualni i socijalni činioci. Socijalni činioci se smatraju veoma značajnim, posebno u početnoj fazi uzimanja supstance. Porodica i bliža socijalna sredina svojim ponašanjem i socijalnim normama čine primarne psihosocijalne determinante. Porodično funkcionisanje ima uticaj kako na razvoj, tako i na održavanje bolesti zavisnosti, stoga je važna tema za istraživanje. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi da li se porodice zavisnika koji su na programu supstitucione terapije metadonom razlikuju po stepenu funkcionalnosti u odnosu na porodice u kojima nema problema zavisnosti. Uzorak istraživanja činilo je 100 osoba podeljenih u dve grupe – klinička i neklinička. Kliničku grupu je činilo 50 osoba koje su na supstitucionoj terapiji metadonom. Nekliničku grupu su predstavljale osobe koje nemaju dijagnozu psihijatrijskog poremećaja, njih je takođe bilo 50. Instrumenti korišćeni u svrhu ovog istraživanja su Upitnik za evaluaciju porodične adaptabilnosti i fleksibilnosti (The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale – FACES IV), Opšti upitnik o sociodemografskim podacima koji je posebno konstruisan za potrebe ovog istraživanja i Pompidou upitnik (osnovni podaci o zavisnicima u programu lečenja). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se porodice zavisnika koji su na programu supstitucione terapije metadonom razlikuju po stepenu funkcionalnosti u odnosu na porodice u kojima nema dijagnostikovanog psihijatrijskog poremećaja i to na način da su porodice iz kontrolne grupe funkcionalnije. Ovim rezultatima su i u našoj sredini potvrđeni raniji rezultati o povezanosti porodične disfunkcionalnosti i bolesti zavisnosti, što može imati značajne implikacije kako u tretmanu, tako i u programima prevencije bolesti zavisnosti.Addiction has multi-factorial etiopathogenesis. Morbidity risk factors include both individual and social factors. Social factors are considered to be very important, especially at the initial stage of taking the substance. Family and the social environment, with their behavior and social norms, are the primary psychosocial determinants. Family functioning has an impact on both the development and the maintenance of addictions, so it is an important research topic. The aim of this study was to determine if families of drug addicts who are on methadone maintenance treatment differ in the level of functionality from families without addiction problems. The study sample included 100 persons divided into two groups – clinical and control. The clinical group consisted of 50 persons – drug addicts who are on methadone maintenance treatment, whereas the control group consisted of 50 persons without addiction problems. FACES IV and General questionnaire were used as instruments for the control group, and POMPIDU questionnaire for the clinical group. The results show that the families of addicts who are in methadone substitution treatment program vary in the level of functionality compared to families in which there is no problem of addiction and in a way that the families of the control group are more functional. These results in our region confirmed earlier results on the connection between family dysfunction and substance abuse, which may have significant implications in the treatment and prevention programs of addictions

Važnost znanstveno utemeljenih činjenica u kriznom komuniciranju: Dokazi iz zagrebačkog i petrinjskog potresa

Earthquakes are natural phenomena that can strongly affect the human population, infrastructure, and the environment. Croatia is part of a tectonically and seismically active area so its habitants and relevant institutions should be aware of possible hazardous events, which can be devastating. Therefore, crisis communication is extremely important, and in the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, it must be clear, timely and concise. Scientific institutions dealing with earthquakes should also be involved in crisis communication. The information on two strong earthquakes in 2020 that shocked the area of Zagreb and Petrinja and the wide surrounding area, have shown how relevant institutions can deal with information on earthquakes and their consequences and share them publicly. This paper adopts a mixedmethods research design, combining both qualitative, and quantitative data on the Zagreb and Petrinja earthquakes from various sources of scientific and professional institutions in the field of geology, geophysics, seismology and civil engineering in Croatia. Empirical data suggest that interactive communication that strives to address local contextual concerns, explain actions, and provide honest, timely, accurate and reliable information is most effective. In the future, institutions have to find a way to react or share their information to help in the crisis.Potresi su prirodni fenomeni koji mogu snažno utjecati na zajednice, infrastrukturu i okoliš. Hrvatska je dio tektonski i seizmički aktivnog područja, tako da bi njezini stanovnici i nadležne institucije trebali biti svjesni mogućih opasnih događaja, koji mogu biti razorni. Stoga je krizna komunikacija izuzetno važna, a u slučaju prirodnih katastrofa poput potresa mora biti jasna, pravodobna i sažeta. Znanstvene institucije koje se bave potresima također bi trebale biti uključene u krizno komuniciranje. Podaci o dva snažna potresa 2020. godine koji su potresli područje Zagreba i Petrinje te širu okolicu, pokazali su kako se relevantne institucije mogu nositi s informacijama o potresima i njihovim posljedicama i javno ih dijeliti. Ovaj rad usvaja mješoviti dizajn istraživanja, kombinirajući i kvalitativne i kvantitativne podatke o potresima u Zagrebu i Petrinji iz različitih izvora znanstvenih i stručnih institucija iz područja geologije, geofizike, seizmologije i građevinarstva u Hrvatskoj. Empirijski podaci sugeriraju da je najučinkovitija interaktivna komunikacija koja nastoji riješiti lokalne kontekstualne probleme, objasniti radnje i pružiti iskrene, pravodobne, točne i pouzdane informacije. Ubuduće institucije moraju pronaći način da reagiraju ili podijeliti svoje informacije kako bi pomogle u krizi

Cryopreservation Protocols for Grapevine Shoot Tips

Grapevine is an important plant species known worldwide, counting more than 10,000 cultivars of Vitis vinifera spread all over the world. There is a strong need for long-term conservation of grapevine genetic resources. With so polymorphic species, it is highly difficult to obtain relevant results considering that cryopreservation protocols were established testing only few very often specific cultivars. Regarding cryopreservation protocols, many factors are influencing the final result. Research articles processing cryopreservation protocols of grapevine are reporting a percentage of recovery, but a broader application of some protocol on a large range of Vitis vinifera cultivars is limited. How to design an efficient cryopreservation protocol, starting from plant material to the appropriate observation of recovery, will be discussed in this chapter

Phenolic content of prošek wines of Croatian autochthonous grapevine varieties

Prošek je desertno vino s kontroliranim zemljopisnim podrijetlom iz regije Primorska Hrvatska. Tradicionalna tehnologija proizvodnje podrazumijeva vinifikaciju grožđa sa visokim koncentracijama šećera što se postiže njegovim prosušivanjem na trsu ili u kontroliranim uvjetima. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi sadržaj polifenola u prošecima proizvedenih od 10 autohtonih sorata vinove loze koje se tradicionalno koriste u proizvodnji prošeka na području Dalmacije: Babić, Glavinuša, Grk, Lasina, Maraština, Plavac mali, Plavina, Pošip, Prč, Vugava. Utvrđene su značajne razlike između prošeka dobivenih od različitih sorata, ali generalno je sadržaj ukupnih fenola kod bijelih i kod crnih sorata viši nego u redovnim vinima ovih sorata. Sadržaj pojedinačnih fenolnih spojeva također se značajno razlikuje između sorata, a posebno je zanimljiv relativno visok sadržaj resveratrola utvrđen u prošeku proizvedenom od sorata Plavac mali, Babić i Glavinuša.Prošek is a desert wine with controlled geographical origin from the wine-growing region Primorska Hrvatska. Traditional technology of production implies vinification of grapes with high sugar content, which is accomplished by its drying, either on vines or in controlled conditions. The aim of this research was to determine the content of polyphenols in prošek wines made out of 10 autochthonous grapevine varieties traditionally used in production of prošek in Dalmatia: Babić, Glavinuša, Grk, Lasina, Maraština, Plavac mali, Plavina, Pošip, Prč, Vugava. Significant differences were determined among prošek wines produced of different varieties, but the content of total polyphenols in both white and black varieties is generally higher than in regular wines of these varieties. The content of individual phenols also varies greatly among varieties. The relatively high content of resveratrol observed in prošek made out of Plavac mali, Babić and Glavinuša varieties is especially interesting

Sanitarni status tri hrvatske autohtone sorte vinove loze (Vitis vinifera L.) s područja Dalmacije uključene u postupak klonske selekcije

The research of sanitary status and virus presence was conducted on three native Croatian grapevine varieties (Kujudžuša bijela, Zlatarica vrgorska and Trnjak crni) that are grown in Dalmatia region. The investigation was done on 492 vines from 31 vineyards. Vines were tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) on four main economic viruses: arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 and 3 (GLRaV–1, GLRaV-3) as a first step in clonal selection of these rare native grapevine varieties. Altogether, 40 vines were free of all tested viruses. The research confirms high rate of virus infection and eroded sanitary status of all investigated varieties. The above indicates necessity of implementation clonal and sanitary selection programme.Istraživanje sanitarnog statusa provedeno je na tri autohtone hrvatske sorte vinove loze (Kujudžuša bijela, Zlatarica vrgorska i Trnjak crni) koje se uzgajaju u Dalmaciji. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno ukupno 492 trsa iz 31 vinograda. Uzorci su podvrgnuti serološkom testu ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) za analizu na prisustvo četiri gospodarski najvažnija virusa: virus mozaika lista vinove loze (ArMV), virus lepezastog lista vinove loze (GFLV), virus uvijenosti lista tip 1 i tip 3 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3). Od ukupnog broja prikupljenih uzoraka, njih 40 je bilo potpuno slobodno od prisutnosti istraživanih virusa. Ovo istraživanje potvrđuje visok udio virusom zaraženih trsova te loš sanitarni status istraživanih sorata. Sve navedeno ukazuje na nužnost provedbe klonske i sanitarne selekcije

Historic development of the most important autochthonous dalmatian grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

Uzgoj vinove loze na području Dalmacije ima tradiciju dužu od dva tisućljeća. Pregledom povijesnih zapisa o uzgoju istraživanih sorata na području Dalmacije većina sorata se po prvi put spominje u 19.st. Iznimku čini sorta Tribidrag o čijem uzgoju prvi spomen nalazimo u 16.st. Većina istraživanih sorata se u značajnoj mjeri uzgajala i u predfiloksernom razdoblju te su i danas gospodarski iznimno značajne na području Dalmacije, ali i Republike Hrvatske u cjelini.Tradition of grape wine cultivation in Dalmatia lasts over two millenniums. Overviewing the historical accounts on the production of researched varieties in Dalmatia, most of the varieties are mentioned in the 19th century. Variety Tribidrag is an exception as accounts on its cultivation date to 16th century. Most of the researched varieties have been significantly cultivated during the pre-phylloxera period and are still exceptionally economically important in Dalmatia and Republic of Croatia as a whole

Promjene u sastavu i sadržaju polifenolnih spojeva tijekom dozrijevanja crnih sorata vinove loze (Vitis vinifera L.)

Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites and important organic compounds present in grapes, must and wine. The importance of polyphenolic compounds present in grapes is mainly related to the quality of the wine. Those compounds affect the colour, taste, astringency, bitterness, and potential of wine aging. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine and compare quantitative and qualitative changes in low molecular weight polyphenol content of 11 red grapevine varieties during ripening. Samples were collected periodically from the beginning of vérasion to the technological maturity. The polyphenolic compounds were analysed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with prior lyophilization and extraction. Based on the obtained results, changes in the composition and content of researched groups of polyphenolic compounds during maturation were determined.Polifenoli su sekundarni biljni metaboliti te važni organski spojevi prisutni u grožđu, moštu i vinu. Važnost polifenolnih spojeva prisutnih u grožđu uglavnom je vezana uz kakvoću vina obzirom da utječu na boju, okus, astringenciju, gorčinu te potencijal starenja vina. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi i usporediti kvantitativne i kvalitativne promjene sadržaja polifenola male molekulske mase u kožici grožđa 11 crnih sorata vinove loze tijekom dozrijevanja grožđa. Uzorci su prikupljani periodično od početka šare do tehnološke zrelosti. Sadržaj polifenola u kožici boba utvrđen je tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti (HPLC) uz prethodnu liofilizaciju i ekstrakciju. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata utvrđene su promjene sastava i sadržaja pojedinih grupa polifenolnih spojeva tijekom dozrijevanja