Teorijsko ispitivanje antiradikalske aktivnosti delfinidina

Delphinidin, one of the natural anthocyanin pigments was theoretically (at M05-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory) investigated for its ability scavange potentially highly damaging hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Theoretical calculations point to HAT and SPLET mechanisms as operative for delphinidin in all solvents under investigations.Teoretski (na M05-2X/6-311+G(d,p) nivou teorije) je ispitivana sposobnost delfinidina, prirodnog antocijaninskog pigmenta, da reaguje sa potencijalno veoma štetnim hidroksi i superoksid anjon radikalima. Proračuni su pokazali da su HAT i SPLET mogući mehanizmi u svim rastvaračima

Ispitivanje biokompatibilnosti glas-jonomer cementa - test citotoksičnosti

Evaluation o f cytotoxicity is a first step in assessment of dental materials biocompatibility. Necessity for unique criteria in researches resulted in international standard methodology (ISO). The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of four restorative materials (three glas ionomer cements and one composite material) and to define adventages and disadventages of common ISO methodology for evaluation of this aspect of dental materials biocompatibility. Research was designed according to ISO/TC 106/1995 and ISO/ 10993-5/1994 methodology. Materials used in this investigation were Fuji IILC (GC), Vitiemer (3M), Ionosit fill (DMG-Hamburg), Luxat (DMG-Hamburg). Evaluation of cytotoxicity was carried out on standardized Human Diploid Cell Lung WI-38. Obtained results showed expressive cytotoxic effect of all investigated materials without statisticaly significant difference. Estimation of material biocompatibility and assessment of obtained results can be made only after establishment of correlation with test results. Common ISO methodology is simple for conductance and reproduction, and use of cell cultures in researches is painless, cost effective and without moral or ethical dilemma.Ispitivanje cititoksičnosti prvi je korak u ocenjivanu biokompatibilnosti stomatoloških materijala. Potreba za ujednačavanjem kriterijuma za ovakva istraživanja rezultirala je postavljanjem internacionalnih standarda uobličenih u ISO metodologiju. Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se ispita cititoksičnost četiri restaurativna materijala (tri glas-jonomer cementa, i jednog kompomera) i da se definišu prednosti i nedostatci aktuelne ISO metodologije za ispitivanje ovog aspekta biokompatibilnosti stomatoloških materijala. Istraživanje je dizajnirano prema ISO/TC 106/1995 i ISO 10993-5 1994. Ispitivanjem su obuhvaćeni Fuji LC II, Vitremer (3M), Ionosit fil (DMG- Hamburg), Luxat (DMG- Hamburg). Ispitivanje citotoksičnosti sprovedene je na standardizovanoj humanoj diploidnoj ćelijskoj liniji WI-38. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su izražen citotoksičan efekat svih ispitivanih materijala bez statistički značajne razlike. Ocena biokompatibilnosti ovih materijala kao i vrednovanje dobijenih rezultata mogu se doneti tek nakon uspostavljanja korelacije sa rezultatima testova primene. Preporučena ISO metodologija jednostavna je za izvođenje i reprodukovanje, a korišćenje ćelijske kulture u istraživanju je najbezbolnije, najjeftinije i pri tom oslobođeno moralnih i etičkih dilema

Nucleation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite

Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the formation of biomimetic calcium hydroxyapatite (HAP) on the surface of different substrates. Material and Methods. Silica coated stainless steel tapes and thin polymer films (alginate, cellulose, poly lactide-co-glycolide - PLGA) deposited on hydroxyapatite scaffold were used as substrate. Supersaturated simulated body fluid (SBF) and SBF combined with Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) or Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) were used as bioactive liquid medium where biomimetic nucleation of HAP occurred. Infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation was used to analyze the formed phases, while scanning electron microscopy indicated the morphology of nucleated phase. Results. The results of measuring the mass with volume adjustments done by the BET method showed that the thickness of the film of nucleated calcium hydroxyapatite depended on the time that samples spent soaked in SBF-in as well as the type of selected biomimetic medium. Conclusion. Biomimetic calcium hydroxyapatite is possible to produce by self nucleation on different substrates in the presence of simulating body fluid

Analiza hemijskog sastava etarskih ulja snažne efikasnosti na referentni soj ATCC 29212 i kliničke izolate Enterococcus faecalis

Twenty one essential oils (EOs) documented their significant antimicrobial effect with regard to our pre-set criterion of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC ≤ 200 μL / mL) of EOs towards Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212 and or clinical isolates); the best effect MIC 0.4 μL / mL (approx. 0.26 μg / mL) achieved Satureja horvatii L. EO, while the EOs with the lowest antimicrobial efficacy were Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Achilea milefolium L., both with MIC s160.0 μg / mL. Analysis of the MIC values within the groups revealed that ATCC strain of E. faecalis is generally lower, ranging from 0.26 to 156 μg / mL, in comparison to those for clinical isolateswhich ranged from 10 to 160 μg / mL. Twelve 12 components that are common in EOs whith MIC s ≤ 200 μg / mL in testings towards both, the clinical and referent strains are given in descending order according to number of oils they are present in: trans-β-caryophyllene (13) > myrcene (8) > α-pinene (8) > linalool (7) > p-cymene (7) > borneol (7) > geraniol (6) > camphene (6) > limonene (5) > 1,8- cineol (5) > γ -terpinene (5) > α- terpinene (4). Comparison of EO constituents reviled that only, geraniol and 1,8-cineol, contributed with ≥ 10 % to more than one EO (MIC 0.3-200 μg / mL) efficient against both E. faecalis strains. Thirteen components in 11 EOs with MIC ≤ 200 μg / mL towards ATCC 29212 were representative based on their contents in EOs: eugenol 82.9 % > thymol 63.7 % > hexadecanoic acid 47.8 % > menthol 46.6 % > cis-b-ocimene 44.2 % > geranial 42.1 % > trans-β-caryophyllene 40.8 % > citronellal 36.7 % > α-pinene 31.2 % > neral 30.5 % > α-eudesmol 22.4 % > citronellol 13.1 % > menthone 11.3 %. Following seven components, representative in 10 EOs with MIC ≤ 200 μg / mL towards clinical isolates, are presented in order of their contribution to EOs: phenylethyl alcohol 57.7 % > geranial 32.9 % > neral 22.2 % > p- cymene 20 % > carvacrol 14 % > α-pinene 11.5 % > linalool 11.4 %. Out of 21 highly efficient EOs selected in this study, six EOs proved to be the most efficient (MIC ≤ 30 μg / mL ); three oils in control of E.faecalis ATCC strain (Satureja horvatii, Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis) and other three in control of E. faecalis clinical isolates (Leptospermum petersonii, Thymus algeriensis, Thymus serpyllum). Thymol is a major component in three out of the six aforementioned most efficient EOs. The aim of our study was to investigate differences in efficacy of selected EOs that proved to possess great antimicrobial activity, towards the referent strain ATCC 29212 and clinical isolates of E. faecalis on, and to estimate which of their constituents might contribute to desired activity, as 'markers compunds'.Pregledom literature odabrano je 21 etarsko ulje (EU) koje pokazuje izuzetno značajan antimikrobni efekat prema kriterijumima koje smo zadali (MIC ≤ 200 μL / mL) na Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212 referentni soj ili klinički izolat); Najbolji antimikrobni efekat sa MIC 0.4 μL / mL (približno 0.26 μg / mL) pokazalo je etarsko ulje Satureja horvatii L., dok su sa najslabijim antimikrobnim efektom bila ulja Rosmarinus officinalis L. i Achilea milefolium L. (MIC 160.0 μg / mL). Međugrupnom analizom MIC vrednosti, utvrđeno je da se MIC vrednosti, i u grupi u kojoj su testirana ulja na referentne sojeve i u grupi na kliničkim izolatima, razlikuju. MIC vrednosti ulja koja su delovala na referentni soj E. faecalis ATCC 29212, variraju od 0.26 to 156 μg / mL , dok je opseg MIC vrednosti koja pokazuju ulja efikasna na kliničke izolate E. faecalisa bio između 10 to 160 μg / mL. Dvanaest komponenti koje su zajedničke za etarska ulja testirana i na referentnom soju i na kliničkim izolatima, a čiji MIC ≤ 200 μg / mL , iskazana su u opadajućem nizu u odnosu na broj ulja u kojima su sadržana: trans-β-kariofilen (13) > mircen (8) > α-pinen (8) > linalool (7) > p-cymen (7) > borneol (7) > geraniol (6) > kamfen (6) > limonen (5) > 1,8-cineol (5) > γ-terpinen (5) > α-terpinen (4). Poređenjem komponenti utvrđeno je da su samo dve komponente, geraniol i 1,8-cineol, prisutne u procentualnoj zastupljenosti ≥ 10 % u više od jednog etarskog ulja (MIC opseg ulja 0.3-200 μg / mL ), a koja su pokazala efikasnost i na ATCC i na kliničke sojeve E. faecalis. Geraniol i 1,8-cineol su glavne komponente sadržaja ≥ 10 % u više ulja efikasnih i protiv ATCC soja i kliničkih izolata (MIC 0.3-200 μg / mL). U 11 ulja sa MIC ≤ 200 μg / mL na E. faecalis ATCC 29212, uočeno je 13 reprezentativnih komponenti, predstavljanih opadajućem nizu u odnosu na zastupljenost u uljima: eugenol 82.9 % > timol 63.7 % > heksadekanoanska kiselina 47.8 % > mentol 46.6 % > cis-b-ocimen 44.2 % > geranial 42.1 % > trans-β-kariofilen 40.8 % > citronelal 36.7 % > α-pinen 31.2 % > neral 30.5 % > α-eudesmol 22.4 % > citronelol 13.1 % > menton 11.3 %. U 10 etarskih ulja sa MIC ≤ 200 μg / mL efikasnim na klinički izolat, 7 je reprezentativnih i one su prikazane u opadajućem nizu u odnosu na njihovu zastupljenost u EU: feniletil alkohol 57.7 % > geranial 32.9 % > neral 22.2 % > p-cimen 20 % > karvakrol, 14 % > α-pinen 11.5 % > linalool 11.4 %. Od 21 EU iz ovog pregleda, šest su se izdvojila kao najefikasnija (MIC ≤ 30 μg / mL); 3 na referentni E. faecalis ATCC soj (Satureja horvatii, Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis) i druga 3 na E faecalis klinički izolat (Leptospermum petersonii, Thymus algeriensis, Thymus serpyllum). Timol je bio procentualno najzastupljenija komponenta u 3 od 6 najefikasnijih EU. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrde razlike u efikasnosti etarskih ulja koja su odabrana zbog njihove jake antimikrobne aktivnosti na kliničke izolate E. faecalis kao i na referentni soj ATCC 29212, i da se izvrši procena njihovog hemijskog sastava vezano za komponente koje svojim učešćem doprinose antimikrobnoj aktivnosti i mogu poslužiti kao 'markeri efikasnosti'

Evaluation of toothbrush contamination

Background/Aim: Toothbrushes are one of the main means of cleaning teeth and maintaining oral hygiene, but toothbrushes are also potential reservoir of microorganisms, including pathogens. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the oral health, oral hygiene awareness and assess the degree of contamination of toothbrushes among students attending Secondary Medical School. Material and Methods: Sixty students (32 boys, 28 girls; mean age ≅ 15,7±2,1) attending highschool were randomly selected for this study. Each student included in the study filled out a questionnaire regarding his/her life habits and oral hygiene. Clinical examinations were initiated in order to determine the DMFT, as well as the CIP, CIT, CIA and CPITN indexes, based of which the assessment of oral health status was performed. One stack of fiber was collected from each toothbrush used by the participantes in the study, and than prepared for further microbiological sampling. Results: Only 11% of the students had the awareness of potential sources of toothbrushes contamination. The average value of DMFT was 3,2 (%D = 22,5; %M = 4,96; %F = 72,5). A statistically significant difference in comparison of the CPITN index and subjects' response to the professional plague removal in the last 12 months was identified (χ2 = 13,55; p= 0,033). Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Micrococcus species and Streptococcus salivarius were most commonly present microorganisms. In most cases, G-positive bacilli or cocci were isolated, while the presence of Candidae albicans was identified in four samples. Conclusions: Raising the awareness of dental hygiene through the oral health education may improve better plaque control and subsequently the oral health. Hands-on training how to maintain the oral hygiene are not expensive and more over they are easy to be organized can be useful in oral heath promotion

Application of high-power diode laser and photodynamic therapy in endodontic treatment: Review of the literature

Lasers have found important role in clinical application, science and scientific research. The aim of this review is to focus on using soft tissue laser in endodontic treatments. The main goal of endodontic treatment is elimination of pathogenic microorganisms from root canal system. Laser light has the ability to reach parts of the tissue and areas where classical techniques and instruments cannot. New approaches to disinfecting root canals have been proposed recently, which include the use of high-power diode lasers, as well as disinfection of the root canal by using photodynamic therapy. A research is necessary to define a precise protocol for high-power laser and photodynamic therapy in treatment of the root canal system

Mineralni trioksidni agregat u terapiji eksterne resorpcije korena izbijenog zuba sa nezavršenim rastom korena - ishod posle deset godina

Introduction Root resorption may occur as a consequence of avulsion injury and may lead to the progressive loss of tooth structure. The aim was to report the outcome of root resorption treated with mineral trioxide aggregate in a replanted immature permanent incisor after 10 years of follow-up. Case outline This case presents external root resorption that was detected 18 months after the avulsion injury in a nine-year-old child. Apical portion of the canal was filled with mineral trioxide aggregate and the rest of the canal was filled with a canal sealer and gutta-percha. Control examinations were performed six months after the completion of the endodontic treatment and afterwards yearly. The tooth was asymptomatic clinically and radiographs did not show progression of root resorption up to four years of follow-up. Infraposition of the injured tooth was detected five years after the replantation, but without significant radiographic changes, until the eight-year follow-up, when root resorption was detected again. However, the tooth was still hard and symptomless at the 10-year follow-up. Conclusion Mineral trioxide aggregate may have an important role in the preservation of replanted immature teeth for a prolonged period.Uvod Resorpcija korena zuba se može javiti kao posledica povrede i može voditi progresivnom gubitku zubnih struktura. Cilj rada je bio da se prikaže klinički ishod replantacije izbijenog stalnog zuba sa nezavršenim rastom korena posle deset godina. Prikaz bolesnika Predstavljen je slučaj eksterne resorpcije korena zuba detektovane 18 meseci posle avulzione povrede kod devetogodišnjeg deteta. Apikalni deo kanala korena zuba je napunjen mineralnim trioksidnim agregatom, dok je ostatak kanala opturiran pastom i gutaperka poenima. Kontrolni pregledi su obavljani šest meseci posle završetka endodontskog lečenja i, posle toga, jednom godišnje. Do četvrte godine praćenja zub je bio bez kliničkih i radiografskih znakova progresije resorpcije korena. Infrapozicija povređenog zuba uočena je pet godina posle replantacije, ali bez značajnih radiografskih promena sve do osme godine praćenja, kada je uočeno napredovanje resorpcije korena. Ipak, posle deset godina zub je i dalje bio klinički bez simptoma. Zaključak Mineralni trioksidni agregat može imati značajnu ulogu u dugotrajnom očuvanju replantiranih zuba sa nezavršenim rastom korena

Bond strength of orthodontic adhesives

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare bond strength of four adhesives used in orthodontics for bonding brackets to tooth enamel. The adhesives used in this investigation were resin-reinforced glass-ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC-GC Corporation, Japan), light cured composite resin adhesives (ConTec LC-Dentaurum, Germany and Enlight Bonding system-Ormco, USA) and dual cured composite resin adhesive (ConTec Duo-Dent aurum, Germany). A sample of 80 extracted human premolars was divided into four groups of 20 teeth which were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and bonded in dry field to enamel of buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth with the same adhesive in one group. The debonding force was produced using universal Instron testing machine with cross head speed of 1mm/min and shear bond strength was measured. Statistical analysis used in this study included: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test i Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis chi-squared test. Even though, all four adhesives showed sufficient bond strength for orthodontic bonding, ConTec LC and ConTec Duo displayed the superior bonding properties comparing to Enlight and Fuji Ortho LC.

Komparativna ispitivanja kruničnog zaptivanja metodom poprečnih preseka korena zuba

Objective: An in vitro comparison of coronal microleakage of three root canal sealers was performed using the dye leakage method. Methodology: Ninety-eight single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and randomly allocated to two groups. In the first group, root canals were treated with EDTA to remove the smear layer. The roots in both groups were obturated using laterally condensed gutta-percha and Sealapex, AH-26 or Ketac-Endo as the sealer. The teeth were suspended in 1% methylene blue dye for 6 days. The teeth were then rinsed, sectioned perpendicular to the long axis and evaluated for coronal dye penetration. Results: In general, Ketac-Endo root canal sealer showed greater dye penetration than Sealapex and AH-26. A statistically significant difference in the coronal penetration of the dye was found in the group with intact smear layer. Conclusion: Highly significant differences between AH-26 and Ketac-Endo (p lt 0.001) and Sealapex and Ketac Endo (p lt 0.001) were found.Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita kvalitet kruničnog zaptivanja kod zuba opturisanih lateralnom kompakcijom primenom metode poprečnih preseka korena zuba. Materijal i metod: U istraživanjima je korišćeno 98 ekstrahovanih jednokorenih zuba, koji su endodontski obrađeni i podeljeni u dve eksperimentalne grupe. Svi kanali su obrađeni STEP-BACK tehnikom preparacije kanala korena uz primenu 2.5% rastvora NaOCl. Uzorci prve grupe su nakon instrumentacije tretirani rastvorom EDTA radi uklanjanja razmaznog sloja. Svi kanali iz obe grupe su opturisani tehnikom lateralne kompakcije primenom pasti SEALAPEX, AH-26 I KETAC-ENDO. Zubi su nakon opturacije potapani u 1% rastvor metilen-plavila tokom 6 dana i potom serijski presecani poprečno na različitoj udaljenosti od gleđno - cementne granice radi evaluacije kruničnog mikropropuštanja. Svaki poprečni presek je posmatran pod mikroskopom na uveličanju 50x. Rezultati: Dobijeni rezultati su generalno pokazali da je u uzoraka opturisanih pastom KETAC-ENDO uočen veći prodor boje nego kod SEALAPEX-a i AH-26. Statistički značajne razlike uočene su u grupi gde razmazni sloj nije uklonjen. Razlika je bila visoko značajna i između uzoraka zuba opturisanih pastom KETAC-ENDO i AH-26 (p lt .001) i između KETAC-ENDO i SEALAPEXa (p lt .001). Zaključak: Rezultati ove studije ukazuju da je bolje krunično zaptivanje ostvareno posle primene pasti AH-26 i SEALAPEX nego posle primene KETAC-ENDO cementa