Counting essential surfaces in a closed hyperbolic three-manifold

Let M^3 be a closed hyperbolic three-manifold. We show that the number of genus g surface subgroups of π_1(M^3) grows like g^(2g)

Problems of financing local and regional self-government

Due to the very large number of local units in the Republic of Croatia, the system of collecting income is mainly insufficient for quality and functional financing of public needs on the local and regional levels. It is therefore necessary to continue the search for new models of regulating financial relations between the state and local units. The executed decentralization of the financing of local and regional self-government is not sufficient. Because of the new work and activities that have fallen into the jurisdiction of counties (as regulated by Amendments to the Act from 2005), it is necessary to increase the state’ s allocation of funds from common taxes for the units of the local and regional self-government, to increase the autonomy of the local and regional units in the introduction of their own incomes, especially taxes, to take care about the implementation of functional decentralization, and to stimulate local and regional governments in the realization of a larger non-fiscal income of their own. It is a fact that some countries in the European Union have begun with the reorganization and reduction of their local self-government precisely because of too high financial payments for the needs of the local self-government. However, so long as the Republic of Croatia retains the existing organization of local governments, it should also provide for its financing. The local or regional self-government units’ own sources of income should be their principal sources of financing.finance, income, local units, taxes, non-fiscal income

Least squares fitting the three-parameter inverse Weibull density

The inverse Weibull model was developed by Erto [10]. In practice, the unknown parameters of the appropriate inverse Weibull density are not known and must be estimated from a random sample. Estimation of its parameters has been approached in the literature by various techniques, because a standard maximum likelihood estimate does not exist. To estimate the unknown parameters of the three-parameter inverse Weibull density we will use a combination of nonparametric and parametric methods. The idea consists of using two steps: in the first step we calculate an initial nonparametric density estimate which needs to be as good as possible, and in the second step we apply the nonlinear least squares method to estimate the unknown parameters. As a main result, a theorem on the existence of the least squares estimate is obtained, as well as its generalization in the $l_p$ norm ($1leq p<infty$). Some simulations are given to show that our approach is satisfactory if the initial density is of good enough quality

Dual Approach in the Application of Geometric Interpretation of Linear Programming on the Organisation of Goods Distribution

The topic of the paper is the application of dual approach in formulation and resolution of goods distribution tasks problems. The gap in previous goods distribution research is the absence of the methodologies and goods transportation calculation methods for manufacturing companies with not too large amount of goods distribution whereby goods distribution is not the core activity. The goal of this paper is to find a solution for transportation in such companies. In such cases it is not rational to procure a specific software for the improvement of goods transportation but rather apply the calculation presented in this paper. The aim of this paper from mathematical aspect is to show the convenience of switching from the basic geometric interpretation of linear programming applied on transportation tasks to dual approach for the companies with too many costs limitations per transport task but not enough available transportation means. Recent research studies that use dual approach in linear programming are generally not applied to transportation tasks although such approach is very convenient. The goal of the paper is also to resolve transportation tasks by both primal and dual approach in order to prove the correctness of the method

THE SCALE AND EFFECT OF PUBLIC INVESTMENTS IN FLOOD CONTROL INFRASTRUCTURE IN SERBIA FROM 2009 TO 2021

Flood control structures play an important role in saving lives and property during floods, especially due to climate change issues. The construction, reconstruction, and rehabilitation of hydraulic structures are compliant with their maintenance and are performed periodically and preventively in order to achieve their required functional safety. However, over the years, investments in flood protection, i.e. the reduction of possible damage caused by the harmful effects of water, mostly implied investments in embankments. Investments in high dams are insufficient in terms of their importance, structure complexity, and failure risk

PROMISSORY NOTE AS PAYMENT SECURITY INSTRUMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

In the modern world, a legal framework has been set up and a market regulator has been defi ned so that payment as a relation between the debtor and creditor can not be put in question regarding the realization of their integral rights. Countries in transition, including Croatia (the Republic of Croatia), are still trying to defi ne not only the shortterm, but also the long-term regulators that would clarify all open questions both in the economic and in the legal segment. Promissory note as the payment security instrument has in practice become operative only through a consistent use of Distraint law. A theoretical and an implementation mechanism merge into one functional mechanism, on the basis of which it can be said that in this segment the Republic of Croatia has truly overcome the transitional barriers.promissory note, collection of claims, payment insurance, blank promissory notes, Distraint procedure, Distraint law