Sing to me, baby: Infants show neural tracking and rhythmic movements to live and dynamic maternal singing

Infant-directed singing has unique acoustic characteristics that may allow even very young infants to respond to the rhythms carried through the caregiver’s voice. The goal of this study was to examine neural and movement responses to live and dynamic maternal singing in 7-month-old infants and their relation to linguistic development. In total, 60 mother-infant dyads were observed during two singing conditions (playsong and lullaby). In Study 1 (n = 30), we measured infant EEG and used an encoding approach utilizing ridge regressions to measure neural tracking. In Study 2 (n =40), we coded infant rhythmic movements. In both studies, we assessed children’s vocabulary when they were 20 months old. In Study 1, we found above-threshold neural tracking of maternal singing, with superior tracking of lullabies than playsongs. We also found that the acoustic features of infant-directed singing modulated tracking. In Study 2, infants showed more rhythmic movement to playsongs than lullabies. Importantly, neural coordination (Study 1) and rhythmic movement (Study 2) to playsongs were positively related to infants’ expressive vocabulary at 20 months. These results highlight the importance of infants’ brain and movement coordination to their caregiver’s musical presentations, potentially as a function of musical variability

Prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis therapy

There are quite a lot of scientific works today dedicated to the role of disorders carbohydrate metabolism (DCM) in the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), at the same time, the influence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the development of carbohydrate disorders remains insufficiently studied, especially in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT). The annual steady increase in the number of patients with ESRD without diabetes mellitus (DM) requiring dialysis therapy leads to increased interest and the need to study carbohydrate status in these patients. It is known that hyperglycemia in patients without DM on hemodialysis (HD) is a predisposing factor to the development of cardiovascular accidents that worsen the quality of life and also increase mortality. The peculiarities of glucose metabolism in patients receiving RRT do not always allow adequate assessment of carbohydrate status using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The review provides up-to-date information on the prevalence of DCM in patients with ESRD without DM receiving HD RRT, touches upon the peculiarities of glucose metabolism, interpretation of HbA1c and glycated albumin values, and mortality risk in hemodialysis patients with various DCM

Ремоделирование сердца недоношенных детей

Epidemiological studies consistently have suggested an association between low birth weight and increased rate of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult life. Preterm birth, as one of the leading causes of the low birth weight, is associated with cardiovascular remodeling which consists of changes in heart chambers geometry and contraction-relaxation mode, ventricular hypertrophy, arterial wall structure and density changes. Several types of preterm birth are discussed: prematurity, associated with placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction, preterm leaking of amniotic fluid, and twin pregnancy. DNA methylation process under the influence of epigenetic factors of the intrauterine and early postnatal development is suggested as a one of the main mechanism of cardiovascular remodeling in preterm infants. The other mechanisms of cardiovascular remodeling are discussed in terms of the modern intrauterine programming concept. The early diagnostics and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in preterm born children are discussed. The treatment during prenatal and early postnatal periods as well as prevention of the remodeling causes could diminish and even reverse the development of the negative cardiovascular events and diseases in later life according to the so called concept of “one thousand days opportunities window”. © 2020 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России в рамках госзадания ИИФ УрО РАН (тема № АААА-А18-118020590031-8) и поддержана постановлением Правительства РФ от 16.03.2013 № 211 (соглашение 02.A03.21.0006)

Physical development of preterm monochorionic diamniotic twins at birth: retrospective cohort study

Background. Much controversy surrounds the estimation of anthropometric parameters in multiple newborns. In newborn monochorionic diamniotic twins, these parameters can be affected by specific antenatal complications.Objectives. To estimate the physical development parameters of preterm monochorionic diamniotic twins according to standards proposed within the INTERGROWTH-21st project, taking specific intrauterine complications into account.Methods. The anthropometric data were analyzed in 148 pairs of newborn monochorionic diamniotic twins, who were divided into three groups according to the presence of specific intrauterine complications: Group I (n = 56 pairs) — twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS); Group II (n = 38 pairs) — selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR); Group III (n = 58 pairs) — absence of the above-mentioned specific complications. The obtained data were statistically processed on a personal computer via variation statistics methods using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (Microsoft, USA) and an online service available at https://medstatistic.ru.Results. Newborns with sIUGR (37–100.0%) and 26 (49.1%) donors fell into the category of newborns light for gestational age. Disharmonious (3–10th percentile) and markedly disharmonious (below the 3rd percentile) physical development at birth was most commonly observed in newborns with sIUGR and, to a lesser extent, in donors (OR — 9.2; 95% CI — 3.2–24.3; p < 0.05), which was noted only occasionally in monochorionic twins from other groups. A combined decrease in the values of birth centiles for head circumference, body weight, and body length was found in 13 (35.1%) newborns with sIUGR and in 12 (22.6%) donors, which may mark the severity of antenatal complications and the development of neurological deficit.Conclusion. Monochorionic diamniotic twins include newborns having greater and lower body weights. In the newborn having a lower birth weight, specific complications associated with monochorionic multiple pregnancy result in body weight and length deficit, disharmonious development due to the lack of nourishment (22.6% in the TTTS group and 73.0% in the sIUGR group), as well as delayed head circumference growth in 56.8% of newborns with sIUGR

The Role of Prior Knowledge in Formative Assessment for Linguistic Competence Development

Formative assessment holds a pivotal role as a fundamental methodological category for evaluating students’ expertise levels before embarking on a new educational course. This monitoring approach revolves around the concept of prior knowledge, acting as the cornerstone for the development of new knowledge formats. The formative assessment procedure is designed to incorporate various methods, including tasks and surveys, with questionnaires being a key component. This study introduces a blended questionnaire tailored for first-year Master’s degree students majoring in linguistics. The questionnaire consists of four logically structured parts, systematically evaluating learners’ prior knowledge in the educational domains of General linguistics and Theory and Practice of the English language, with a specific focus on Modern English usage. Beyond theoretical inquiries, the blended questionnaire includes practical assignments, recognizing that linguistic knowledge is intricately linked to practical language skills. Thus, theoretical understanding is exemplified through actual linguistic representations. In addition to assessing prior knowledge, the questionnaire addresses students’ opinions on the formative assessment procedure’s educational utility. This extends to identifying their strengths and weaknesses in applying linguistic knowledge, aiding future curriculum planning and fostering a culture of overall assessment competency. Recognizing the significance of formative assessment for teachers’ professional growth, the study explores its role in constantly refining testing methods and updating materials to gauge students’ prior knowledge effectively. The obtained results underscore the need for further research in formative assessment, calling for the development of new identification methods and innovative formats for knowledge acquisition based on manifestations of prior knowledge. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on formative assessment’s multifaceted role in shaping effective educational practices and enhancing both student and teacher learning experiences

АЛГОРИТМ ОЦІНКИ СІМЕЙНОГО СТАТУСУ РОДИНИ З ОНКОЛОГІЧНИМ ПАЦІЄНТОМ

Purpose: to determine diagnostic criteria and develop an algorithm for analyzing the psychological status of the family with the cancer patient in relation to the course and treatment of the disease and its impact on family functioning. Materials and methods. The study conducted in the M. Pyrohov Medical-Psychological Center and Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Oncology Clinic during 2015–2019 years with ethical and deontological standards. Based on study modern professional literature about psychological status families with cancer patients, evaluated criteria and developed algorithm of analysis psychological status of such families. On informed consent in research for building algorithm participated 288 families with cancer patient on different stages of treatment. Results. Based on the definition main criteria that describing the psychological status of the family with the cancer patient, which included: psychological problems and needs, peculiarities of the emotional state, family behavior model, type of interaction during treatment, a step-by-step algorithm for assessing the psychological status of the family with cancer patients developed, which allowed differentiated medical-psychological help. Conclusions. The basic directions of psychological help for a family with cancer patients are stabilization of psycho-emotional state of family members, transformation irrational ideas about the disease to more realistic, working with existential experiences, strengthening the support component in relationships, teaching effective communication about illness, promotion adaptive strategy for overcoming the disease.Мета: визначити критерії оцінки та розробити алгоритм аналізу психологічного статусу сім’ї з онкологічним пацієнтом у взаємозв’язку з перебігом та лікуванням захворювання і його впливом на сімейне функціонування. Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проводили на базі Медико-психологічного центру Вінницького національного медичного університету імені М. І. Пирогова та Вінницького обласного клінічного онкологічного диспансеру про­тягом 2015–2019 рр. з дотриманням етичних та деонтологічних стандартів. На основі інформаційного пошуку сучасної фахової літератури з питань психологічного стану членів сім᾽ї онкологічних пацієнтів визначено критерії оцінки та алгоритм аналізу психологічного статусу родин за участю 288 сімей з онкологічним пацієнтом, жінками та чоловіками, які дали згоду на участь у дослідженні. Результати. На основі визначення основних критеріїв, що описують психологічний статус сімʼї з онкологічним пацієнтом, до яких віднесено психологічні проблеми та потреби, особливості психоемоційного стану, моделі поведінки родини, тип взаємодії у лікувальному процесі, розроблено поетапний алгоритм оцінки психологічного статусу родини з онкохворим, який дозволив диференційовано застосовувати медико-психологічні заходи. Висновки. Базовими напрямками психологічної допомоги для родини з онкохворим є стабілізація психоемоційного стану членів сімʼї, наближення ірраціональних уявлень щодо захворювання до більш реалістичних, робота з екзистенційними переживаннями, посилення підтримувального компонента у відносинах, навчання комунікації на тему хвороби, приведення до балансу підтримки пацієнта та збереження його автономії, вираження своїх переживань та сприяння формуванню адаптивної стратегії подолання хвороби

The Peculiarities of the Social and Economic Development of the Arctic Regions Based on the Supply Chain Management: In the Framework of the Strategic Planning in the Republic of Sakha Yakutia

This research studies the problem of the peculiarities of the social and economic development of the Arctic Region. The purpose of this research was to develop a strategic approach to the social and economic management of the Arctic Regions. The authors introduced the objective approach towards the long-term development of a compound macroregion and presented recommendations regarding the long-term regional planning according to its special characteristics

EFFECT OF TRANSPLANTATION OF IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS TREATED WITH CAFFEINE ON THE PARAMETERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY

It was demonstrated that in vitro treatment with caffeine splenocytes of mice (CBAxC57Bl / 6) F1 with a passive type of behavior in «open field» modifies the functional activity of these cells, manifested in changes in spontaneous and induced cytokine production; the intravenous injection of these cells is accompanied by modulation of the parameters of the motor and exploratory activity of recipients, the nature of which depends on the dose of caffeine. At the same time were shown some changes in the synthesis of cytokines by brain cells of mice-recipients. Possible mechanisms for modulating effect of transplanted immune cells on recipient's behavior were discussed

Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation and renin-angiotensin system in the growth restricted fetus

To determine left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (LV IRT) in normally developing and growth restricted fetuses (FGR) as an indicator of fetal cardiac afterload and neonatal systolic blood pressure