Diversity of Forest Vegetation in the Hilly Požega Region

U radu su prikazani rezultati sinekološko-fitocenoloških istraživanja šumske vegetacije Požeške i Babje gore. Istraživano područje kao južni dio slavonskoga gorja izuzetno je vrijedan objekt u vegetacijskoj slici Republike Hrvatske. Šumske sastojine, nažalost, do sada nisu dostatno istražene i opisane te vrednovane. Pri terenskim istraživanjima korištene su klasične fitocenološke metode. Ukupno je istraženo dvjestotinjak lokaliteta u svim oblicima šumske vegetacije te su provedene multivarijatne statističke analize podataka pomoću kompjutorskih programa SinTax2000 i Juice 6.3. One su pokazale međusobno vrlo slične rezultate i iste opće zakonitosti. Kao rezultat toga jasno su definirane sve šumske zajednice na istraživanome području te sinekološki čimbenici presudni za pridolazak i rasprostranjenost pojedine zajednice. U okviru opisanih šumskih zajednica ukupno je evidentirano 240 vrsta, od kojih su neke i na crvenom popisu ugroženih biljaka Republike Hrvatske u skupini rizično ugroženih i u skupini nisko rizično ugroženih. Spektar flornih geoelemenata potvrđuje uvodne pretpostavke i stajališta da se istraživano područje nalazi na raskrižju vrlo raznolikih utjecaja. To jasno pokazuje iznimno velik broj vrlo različitih flornih geoelemenata i njihovih kombinacija. Općenito gledano, na relativno maloj površini s vrlo sličnim općim ekološkim uvjetima imamo vrlo raznolike mikroklimatske i mikroreljefne uvjete, što se vidi na velikim razlikama u vrstama i broju biljaka koje pridolaze u pojedinoj zajednici. Kada bismo generalno opisali cjelokupno istraživano područje kroz ekoindikatorske vrijednosti biljnih vrsta koje pridolaze u šumskoj vegetaciji, mogli bismo zaključiti da su ekološki uvjeti iznimno povoljni za razvitak vegetacije. To se izvrsno reflektira kroz veliku biološku raznolikost i bogatstvo šumske vegetacije Požeškoga gorja.The paper addresses the results of synecological-phytocoenological research into the forest vegetation of Požeška and Babja Gora. The investigated area, a part of southern Slavonian Mountains, represents an exceptionally valuable site in the vegetation picture of Croatia. So far, regrettably, the forest stands have not been properly investigated, described and evaluated. Field research was conducted using classical phytocoenological methods. In addition to investigating some two hundred localities with diverse forms of forest vegetation, multivariate statistical data analyses were also performed by means of SinTax2000 and Juice 4 software. These analyses provided mutually very similar results and revealed identical general patterns. This resulted in a clear definition of all the forest communities in the study area, as well as the synecological factors crucial for the occurrence and distribution of particular communities. A total of 240 species were identified within the described forest communities, of which some are on the red list of threatened plants in the Republic of Croatia, belonging to both the high and low threat category. The range of floral geoelements confirms the introductory hypotheses and views that the studied area is situated at the crossroads of highly diverse impacts. This is evidenced by a high number of very different floral geoelements and their combinations. In general, the relatively small area with very similar ecological conditions enjoys highly diverse micro-climatic and micro-relief conditions, as manifested by significant species diversity and a high number of plants occurring in a particular community. Broadly speaking, if we described the entire study area in terms of eco-indicator values of plant species occurring in the forest vegetation, we could conclude that the ecological conditions here are exceptionally conducive to the development of vegetation. This is very well reflected in high biological diversity and the abundance of forest vegetation in the hills of Požega

Diversity of Forest Vegetation in the Hilly Požega Region

U radu su prikazani rezultati sinekološko-fitocenoloških istraživanja šumske vegetacije Požeške i Babje gore. Istraživano područje kao južni dio slavonskoga gorja izuzetno je vrijedan objekt u vegetacijskoj slici Republike Hrvatske. Šumske sastojine, nažalost, do sada nisu dostatno istražene i opisane te vrednovane. Pri terenskim istraživanjima korištene su klasične fitocenološke metode. Ukupno je istraženo dvjestotinjak lokaliteta u svim oblicima šumske vegetacije te su provedene multivarijatne statističke analize podataka pomoću kompjutorskih programa SinTax2000 i Juice 6.3. One su pokazale međusobno vrlo slične rezultate i iste opće zakonitosti. Kao rezultat toga jasno su definirane sve šumske zajednice na istraživanome području te sinekološki čimbenici presudni za pridolazak i rasprostranjenost pojedine zajednice. U okviru opisanih šumskih zajednica ukupno je evidentirano 240 vrsta, od kojih su neke i na crvenom popisu ugroženih biljaka Republike Hrvatske u skupini rizično ugroženih i u skupini nisko rizično ugroženih. Spektar flornih geoelemenata potvrđuje uvodne pretpostavke i stajališta da se istraživano područje nalazi na raskrižju vrlo raznolikih utjecaja. To jasno pokazuje iznimno velik broj vrlo različitih flornih geoelemenata i njihovih kombinacija. Općenito gledano, na relativno maloj površini s vrlo sličnim općim ekološkim uvjetima imamo vrlo raznolike mikroklimatske i mikroreljefne uvjete, što se vidi na velikim razlikama u vrstama i broju biljaka koje pridolaze u pojedinoj zajednici. Kada bismo generalno opisali cjelokupno istraživano područje kroz ekoindikatorske vrijednosti biljnih vrsta koje pridolaze u šumskoj vegetaciji, mogli bismo zaključiti da su ekološki uvjeti iznimno povoljni za razvitak vegetacije. To se izvrsno reflektira kroz veliku biološku raznolikost i bogatstvo šumske vegetacije Požeškoga gorja.The paper addresses the results of synecological-phytocoenological research into the forest vegetation of Požeška and Babja Gora. The investigated area, a part of southern Slavonian Mountains, represents an exceptionally valuable site in the vegetation picture of Croatia. So far, regrettably, the forest stands have not been properly investigated, described and evaluated. Field research was conducted using classical phytocoenological methods. In addition to investigating some two hundred localities with diverse forms of forest vegetation, multivariate statistical data analyses were also performed by means of SinTax2000 and Juice 4 software. These analyses provided mutually very similar results and revealed identical general patterns. This resulted in a clear definition of all the forest communities in the study area, as well as the synecological factors crucial for the occurrence and distribution of particular communities. A total of 240 species were identified within the described forest communities, of which some are on the red list of threatened plants in the Republic of Croatia, belonging to both the high and low threat category. The range of floral geoelements confirms the introductory hypotheses and views that the studied area is situated at the crossroads of highly diverse impacts. This is evidenced by a high number of very different floral geoelements and their combinations. In general, the relatively small area with very similar ecological conditions enjoys highly diverse micro-climatic and micro-relief conditions, as manifested by significant species diversity and a high number of plants occurring in a particular community. Broadly speaking, if we described the entire study area in terms of eco-indicator values of plant species occurring in the forest vegetation, we could conclude that the ecological conditions here are exceptionally conducive to the development of vegetation. This is very well reflected in high biological diversity and the abundance of forest vegetation in the hills of Požega

Adaptive cruise control

U ovom završnom radu opisan je koncept rada te je izrađena simulacija prilagodljivog tempomata u Matlab-u. Prilagodljivi tempomat je uređaj koji služi kao sustav potpore vozaču te na taj način osigurava sigurnost vozila te smanjuje mogućnost od pojave prometnih nesreća. Danas se ACC koristi u sve više automobila srednje klase gdje postaje sastavni dio opreme vozila. ACC automatski prilagođava ili smanjuje brzinu kretanja kako bi slijedio vozilo ispred. Radar je glavni dio prilagodljivog tempomata te ima ulogu da prepoznaje vozila ispred, njihovu brzinu i udaljenost. Izrađen je pojednostavljeni modela regulacije brzine vozila pomoću tri različita tipa regulatora. Rezultati simulacije prikazuju odziv brzine vozila s obzirom na referentnu veličinu. Danas se sve više koriste i drugi tehnološki sustavi kao što je LiDAR.In this final paper, the concept of work is described and a simulation of adaptive cruise control in Matlab is made. Adaptive cruise control is a device that serves as a driver support system and thus ensures the safety of the vehicle and reduces the possibility of accidents. Today, ACC is used in more and more middle-class cars where it is becoming an integral part of vehicle equipment. ACC automatically adjusts or reduces the speed to follow the vehicle in front. Radar is a major part of adaptive cruise control and has the role of recognizing the vehicles in front, their speed and distance. A simplified model of vehicle speed regulation using three different types of regulators was created. The simulation results show the response speed of the vehicle with respect to the reference size. Today other technological systems such as LiDAR are increasingly used

Adaptive cruise control

U ovom završnom radu opisan je koncept rada te je izrađena simulacija prilagodljivog tempomata u Matlab-u. Prilagodljivi tempomat je uređaj koji služi kao sustav potpore vozaču te na taj način osigurava sigurnost vozila te smanjuje mogućnost od pojave prometnih nesreća. Danas se ACC koristi u sve više automobila srednje klase gdje postaje sastavni dio opreme vozila. ACC automatski prilagođava ili smanjuje brzinu kretanja kako bi slijedio vozilo ispred. Radar je glavni dio prilagodljivog tempomata te ima ulogu da prepoznaje vozila ispred, njihovu brzinu i udaljenost. Izrađen je pojednostavljeni modela regulacije brzine vozila pomoću tri različita tipa regulatora. Rezultati simulacije prikazuju odziv brzine vozila s obzirom na referentnu veličinu. Danas se sve više koriste i drugi tehnološki sustavi kao što je LiDAR.In this final paper, the concept of work is described and a simulation of adaptive cruise control in Matlab is made. Adaptive cruise control is a device that serves as a driver support system and thus ensures the safety of the vehicle and reduces the possibility of accidents. Today, ACC is used in more and more middle-class cars where it is becoming an integral part of vehicle equipment. ACC automatically adjusts or reduces the speed to follow the vehicle in front. Radar is a major part of adaptive cruise control and has the role of recognizing the vehicles in front, their speed and distance. A simplified model of vehicle speed regulation using three different types of regulators was created. The simulation results show the response speed of the vehicle with respect to the reference size. Today other technological systems such as LiDAR are increasingly used

Adaptive cruise control

U ovom završnom radu opisan je koncept rada te je izrađena simulacija prilagodljivog tempomata u Matlab-u. Prilagodljivi tempomat je uređaj koji služi kao sustav potpore vozaču te na taj način osigurava sigurnost vozila te smanjuje mogućnost od pojave prometnih nesreća. Danas se ACC koristi u sve više automobila srednje klase gdje postaje sastavni dio opreme vozila. ACC automatski prilagođava ili smanjuje brzinu kretanja kako bi slijedio vozilo ispred. Radar je glavni dio prilagodljivog tempomata te ima ulogu da prepoznaje vozila ispred, njihovu brzinu i udaljenost. Izrađen je pojednostavljeni modela regulacije brzine vozila pomoću tri različita tipa regulatora. Rezultati simulacije prikazuju odziv brzine vozila s obzirom na referentnu veličinu. Danas se sve više koriste i drugi tehnološki sustavi kao što je LiDAR.In this final paper, the concept of work is described and a simulation of adaptive cruise control in Matlab is made. Adaptive cruise control is a device that serves as a driver support system and thus ensures the safety of the vehicle and reduces the possibility of accidents. Today, ACC is used in more and more middle-class cars where it is becoming an integral part of vehicle equipment. ACC automatically adjusts or reduces the speed to follow the vehicle in front. Radar is a major part of adaptive cruise control and has the role of recognizing the vehicles in front, their speed and distance. A simplified model of vehicle speed regulation using three different types of regulators was created. The simulation results show the response speed of the vehicle with respect to the reference size. Today other technological systems such as LiDAR are increasingly used