Group algebras and enveloping algebras with nonmatrix and semigroup identities

Let K be a field of positive characteristic p, let R be either a group algebra K[G] or a restricted enveloping algebra u(L), and let I be the augmentation ideal of R. We first characterize those R for which I satisfies a polynomial identity not satisfied by the algebra of all 2-by-2 matrices over K. Then we examine those R for which I satisfies a semigroup identity (that is, a polynomial identity which can be written as the difference of two monomials).Comment: 11 pages. Written in LaTeX2

The Russian GULAG: Understanding the Dangers of Marxism Combined with Totalitarianism

This study examines the Soviet Gulag, the main prison camp administration implemented in the Soviet Union. The GULAG represents an institution that is not well known, and this paper will explain why it existed and why it remains in the shadows of history. Terror, propaganda, and belief in progress represent the three ideas that directed the Soviet totalitarian system. This thesis will accordingly explore the ideology behind totalitarian government and Marxist practice in order to understand why the Gulag was allowed to exist. Finally, it investigates the reasons why the Gulag has not taken a priority position in human knowledge and how the rise of the intellectual Left in the West and its sympathies towards Marxism contributed to this. Alexandr Solzhenitsyn is heavily used throughout this paper for his insights on the Gulag

Union Walks in the Sixth: The Integrity of Mandatory Non-Binding Grievance Procedures in Collective Bargaining Agreements - AT & (and) T v. Communications Workers of America, AFL-CIO, The

There are many mechanisms short of industrial action which labor unions and employers use to resolve disputes. Anticipating conflict, but aiming to avoid industrial action, the two parties might place an arbitration agreement or other mandatory grievance adjustment procedure into their collective bargaining agreement. This agreement will reflect the parties\u27 understanding as to how disputes are to be resolved. This Note examines the limited circumstances in which the federal courts will enjoin union protest activity carried out in violation of a collective bargaining agreement\u27s provisions regarding dispute resolution. It focuses on the analytic inconsistency of the judicial refusal to enjoin union activities carried out in violation of a collective bargaining agreement during the pendency of a mandatory dispute resolution procedure other than arbitration

Finding the Parameters: The Scope of Arbitration Agreements in Medical Service Contracts in California - Pietrelli v. Peacock

There is perhaps no better indicator of the general perception of crisis in the American medical system than the lavish attention given President Clinton\u27s health care reform initiatives in the media.2 In the 1970s, the frequency of medical malpractice claims and the cost of malpractice insurance, two sources of this perceived crisis, came into sharp focus.3 Experiencing a decline in profits as a result of increased malpractice litigation, many insurers began refusing to provide coverage or demanding high premium increases.4 This created a problem in malpractice insurance availability to health care providers.5 Health care providers, insurers, and state legislatures responded with a variety of reforms,6 some of which aimed to curb the frequency and cost of malpractice controversies through the use of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as arbitration.

Usury Legislation - Its Effects on the Economy and a Proposal for Reform

This Note examines both the original and current purposes of general usury ceilings and evaluates the success of the ceilings in achieving these purposes. In addition, the Note considers the impact of the present form of usury legislation on the economy of those states that have such ceilings and proposes a model usury statute that attempts to accomplish the social policy objectives of the current legislation while also minimizing detrimental and unintentional effects on the economy... This Note suggests that the proposal outlined above would solve the majority of the problems created by the present statutory form. The proposal recognizes that in order to prevent contraction of credit supply, the market must be allowed to set the market cost of credit to provide lenders with an incentive to lend. Within this framework, the best protection for the high risk borrower is for the system to insure legitimate lenders who are competing for his business. This competition would provide lawful sources of credit to these borrowers while minimizing the costs to them

Landscape archaeology, heritage and the community in Devon: An oral history approach

This is the author's postprint version of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in the International Journal of Heritage Studies, Volume 11, Number 4 (2005), pp. 269-288. Available online at http://www.informaworld.comIn the context of recent media, governmental, academic and popular attention and enthusiasm for debates surrounding the construction and meaning of the British countryside, this paper outlines the potential for oral history to make a contribution. Working in Devon, the authors outline how an oral history methodology can engage with the fields of landscape archaeology and heritage studies. As well as augmenting and supporting more traditional approaches to landscape, oral history techniques can be used to challenge and destabilise existing knowledge, thereby moving the process of 'democratisation' in knowledge construction of the rural landscape from practices of scientific 'complicity' towards one of critical engagement

The impact of music pleasantness and fit on advertising attitudes for low and high involvement consumers

Research in advertising suggests that music produces a substantial impact on a consumer’s attitude (e.g. Alpert and Alpert, 1989; Kellaris and Cox, 1989; North, MacKenzie, Law & Hargreaves, 2004; and Zander, 2006). However, there has been relatively little work on the mechanisms affecting low vs high involvement consumers. This study applies two dominant models on the impact of music in persuasion, classical conditioning and musical fit, to investigate the influence on low and high involvement consumers. Classical conditioning theory suggests that when a positive stimulus (i.e., the music) is associated with a neutral stimulus (the advertised product), the positive reaction to the music becomes associated with the product, leading to a favourable attitude (Gorn, 1982). Musical fit theory suggests that music activates information and evoked associations based on previous knowledge/familiarity, and when these fit the advertised product, the message becomes more persuasive (MacInnis and Park, 1991). Using an experimental design, 188 respondents saw advertisements paired with music that was pre-tested to be either pleasant/unpleasant (classical conditioning context) or congruent/incongruent with the product category (musical fit). Respondent’s involvement with the product category was also measured. The study found that ‘pleasant’ music significantly increased attitudes/purchase intention for low-involvement respondents (regardless of fit), while congruent music positively affected attitudes under high involvement conditions. Managerial implications and future research are discussed