Population Representation in the Military Services

Presented at the Biennial Conference of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society, Baltimore, Maryland. 1991.Included is "Population Representation in the Military Services", (Appendix D), a report for the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management and Personnel), Fiscal Year 1990 (July 1991).Many issues relating to population representation in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm were widely discussed in the news media, often based on incomplete or inaccurate information. This was partly due to difficulties encountered by the Department of Defense in collating, combining, verifying, and reporting statistics from automated data files on military personnel sent to the Persian Gulf. Precise records on all persons assigned to the theater of operations are not yet available for analysis. However, the Department of Defense has compiled information on all military personnel deployed from August 1990 through February 15, 1991 (which was one month after the start of Operation Desert Storm and a week prior to the ground war). This information, though somewhat incomplete, forms the basis of the study. The preliminary assessment of population representation includes all Department of Defense personnel assigned to the Persian Gulf at any time during the indicated period. Some movement of personnel occurred during this period, and the data include a number of people who departed from the region before the commencement of Operation Desert Storm on January 16, 1991

Virtual Symposium: I WANT YOU! America’s All-Volunteer Force Stands in Review

In late 2006 and early 2007, a panel of experts on defense manpower policy was convened to review a newly published book, I Want You! The Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force, by Bernard D. Rostker. The symposium was “virtual” in the sense that it was conducted exclusively by Internet and by telephone (in one case). Panel members were invited from a variety of fields to capture possibly different perspectives. A secondary objective of the panel was to assess the present status and prospects of America’s All-Volunteer Force (AVF), drawing upon themes found in the book. The summary of the virtual symposium begins by describing the social and political landscape of the time. This is followed by a brief description of the approach and the participants. Answers to the several questions posed to the panel members are then integrated, evaluated, and discussed, incorporating verbatim responses as much as possible.Approved for public release, distribution unlimite

Civil Action No. 17-cv-1597 (CKK)

Includes biographical information. More information about Jane Doe, et al. v. Trump, et al. may be found at http://www.glad.org/cases/doe-v-trump/Background Summary, Declaration for Jane Doe, et al. v. Trump, et al. In June 2016, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced that it would begin allowing transgender persons to serve openly in the military. The change in policy followed a comprehensive review by DoD and the RAND Corporation. To facilitate the change, DoD developed new training, guidance, regulations and forms, protocols, and supporting networks. Further, thousands of transgender service members responded to the new policy by informing their chain of command and peers of their preferred gender identity. During the summer of 2017, President Donald Trump directed reinstatement of the preexisting ban on military service by transgender persons. This Declaration was included along with others supporting a motion for a preliminary injunction of the reinstated ban. The preliminary injunction would prevent possible harm from the ban while the courts decided whether the reinstated policy violates the equal protection and due process guarantees of the Constitution. The motion in Jane Doe, et al. v. Trump, et al. was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. Similar versions of the Declaration were included in three other cases seeking a preliminary injunction. The other cases and federal jurisdictions are as follows: Stockman, et al. v. Trump, et al. (U.S. District Court for the Central District of California); Stone, et al. v. Trump, et al. (U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland); and Karnoski, et al. v. Trump, et al. (U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington). Three of these District Courts sided with the plaintiffs and granted preliminary injunctions in full and the fourth (District of Columbia) granted an injunction in part (later vacated). In January 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court denied a Trump Administration expedited review of the Stockman et al. and Karnoski et al. cases; at the same time, in a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court removed the preliminary injunctions granted in those cases while legal proceedings continued. DoD reinstituted a ban on transgender persons in April 2019. (Provided by Mark Eitelberg

Gays and the Military: A 20-Year Study at the Naval Postgraduate School

This presentation was prepared for in-classroom use only. To set the stage, the presentation begins with a selection of typical editorial cartoons from the news media arranged by theme. Aside from the Iraq War, "gays and the military" was the most-covered defense topic in the national news media during the entire decade of the 1990s. The focus then shifts to the research contributions of NPS students and faculty to the debate over "Don't Ask, Don't Tell," (DADT) beginning in 1994 and for nearly two decades thereafter. This includes five separate surveys of officers at NPS from 1994 to 2010. These surveys are unique, since all other surveys of U.S. military personnel regarding DADT were prohibited during the period. Selected conclusions are presented. The appendix summarizes two additional studies of officers' attitudes toward DADT following its repeal. The post-repeal surveys show that the trend toward increasing acceptance of gays in the military has continued. The presentation is for educational purposes only. It should not be used commercially

VEAP! The Shocking, True Story of a Major Policy Decision

VEAP is an acronym for the Post-Vietnam Era Veterans Educational Assistance Program, which was enacted by Congress to provide educational assistance to military veterans after the Vietnam conflict. VEAP, designed to reduce educational expenditures for veterans who served in peacetime and joined voluntarily under the All-Volunteer Force (AVF), replaced "GI Bill" educational benefits. VEAP was an experimental program, unique in requiring voluntary personal contributions matched with government funding for a veteran's education. This presentation reviews briefly the history of the GI Bill, including its enormous impact on the nation. The discussion then focuses on the reasons why Congress decided to end the GI Bill and replace it with VEAP. The story is told from the perspective of Mark Eitelberg, who co-created VEAP hastily (on a restaurant napkin) under the guidance of the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs. As it turned out, no actual study of VEAP occurred before it was enacted, although its supporters in Congress and the administration assumed it had been carefully analyzed. Recruiting for the AVF suffered greatly during the post-Vietnam era largely due to major funding cutbacks, of which VEAP was a part. In the end, over 800,000 veterans used their VEAP benefits. VEAP was later replaced with programs more similar to the "GI Bill," recognizing the importance of such benefits for AVF recruiting, veterans and their families, and the nation as a whole. The presentation is for educational purposes only. It should not be used commercially

Barbie selected for QM1 as role models change

An article discussing the changing role models and attitudes of young women as reflected in the introduction of Army Barbie, Air Force Barbie and Navy Barbie dolls for children. The author's commentary discusses the differences in each service's approach to the dolls, and their importance as part of the culture, as much an American institution as a toy. The author notes that the manufacturer's willingness to accept the attitude that the military is an acceptable career choice for young women, and reflects that in their choice to introduce the military-styled dolls

Tips for Student Writers: Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and More

This presentation was prepared for in-classroom use only. It is designed primarily for graduate students, particularly those who have limited experience writing a comprehensive paper, research report, thesis, or dissertation. The presentation begins by emphasizing the important contribution of reading to effective writing. The discussion then shifts to the process of writing. This includes planning, starting, finding a comfortable environment, storytelling, and avoiding common problems. The presentation also covers the effective use of quantification (arithmetic) in research and analysis. The presentation closes with tips for academic writers, the importance of creativity, an anecdote about a personal failure in problem-solving, and striving to achieve the "Aha" factor. The document is for educational purposes only. It should not be used commercially

Interview with Professor Emeritus Mark Eitelberg, Graduate School of Defense Management: LGBT Pride and the Military: For All Who Aspire to Serve

An interview with NPS Professor Emeritus Mark J. Eitelberg for Dudley Knox Library's 2021 LGBT Pride Month online exhibit series. Exhibit design by Webmaster Ryan Stuart. Includes a biography of the subject and list of his publications, a list of relevant books in the Dudley Knox Library collection, and links for further information.Interview questions: What are NPS' main contributions to understanding the impacts around this issue? How has NPS influenced policy on this issue? In the military context, what misperceptions about LGBT people persist? Why is this a human rights issue? What research remains to be done, and why is continuing research important

Civil Action No. 17-cv-2459 (MJG)

Includes biographical information.Background, Declaration for Stone, et al. v. Trump, et al. In June 2016, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced that it would begin allowing transgender persons to serve openly in the military. The change in policy followed a comprehensive review by DoD and the RAND Corporation. To facilitate the change, DoD developed new training, guidance, regulations and forms, protocols, and supporting networks. Further, thousands of transgender service members responded to the new policy by informing their chain of command and peers of their preferred gender identity. During the summer of 2017, President Donald Trump directed reinstatement of the preexisting ban on military service by transgender persons. This Declaration was included along with others supporting a motion for a preliminary injunction of the reinstated ban. The preliminary injunction would prevent possible harm from the ban while the courts decided whether the reinstated policy violates the equal protection and due process guarantees of the Constitution. The motion in Stone, et al. v. Trump, et al. was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland. Similar versions of the Declaration were included in three other cases seeking a preliminary injunction. The other cases and federal jurisdictions are as follows: Stockman, et al. v. Trump, et al. (U.S. District Court for the Central District of California); Jane Doe, et al. v. Trump, et al. (U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia); and Karnoski, et al. v. Trump, et al. (U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington). Three of these District Courts sided with the plaintiffs and granted preliminary injunctions in full and the fourth (District of Columbia) granted an injunction in part (later vacated). In January 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court denied a Trump Administration expedited review of the Stockman et al. and Karnoski et al. cases; at the same time, in a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court removed the preliminary injunctions granted in those cases while legal proceedings continued. DoD reinstituted a ban on transgender persons in April 2019. (Provided by Mark Eitelberg

Spacemen, Scholars, and Sailors: Another Look at the Military’s Treatment of Gays

Paper prepared for presentation at the national conference of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Canada, August 2003.This paper was presented at the national conference of the American Psychological Association in Toronto, Canada, August 2003. The author examines three different perspectives on the military’s treatment of gays during the 1990s. One perspective comes from disinterested observers in another place and time. For the purpose of alliteration, these observers are termed spacemen. A second perspective comes from the author, who works in the community of scholars, and feels the pressing need to tell a story from years past. The third perspective—and the main focus of the paper—comes from Navy officers, or sailors, who participated in three surveys that span the history of the military’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy on gays