Taxonomia de Anthomyiidae (Diptera) do sul do Brasil

Orientador : Claudio José Barros de CarvalhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia). Defesa: Curitiba, 2005Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentraçao: EntomologiaResumo: Atualmente são reconhecidas aproximadamente 2000 espécies em 40 gêneros de Anthomyiidae, distribuídas principalmente em áreas de clima temperado a ártico e predominantemente na parte boreal do mundo. No presente estudo é realizado um levantamento taxonômico das espécies que ocorrem no Sul do Brasil. Oito espécies novas são descritas, três pertencentes a Anthomyia Meigen, duas a Calythea Schnabl & Dziedzicki, uma a Coenosopsia Malloch e duas a Emmesomyia Malloch. Foram encontradas 16 espécies já descritas em nove gêneros, das quais Anthomyia brasiliensis (Albuquerque, 1949), Anthomyia bruchi (Shannon & Del Ponte, 1926), Anthomyia crassinervis (Albuquerque, 1959a), Anthomyia plurinervis (Albuquerque, 1958), Anthomyia xanthopyga (Albuquerque, 1959b), Calythea comis Stein, 1911, Coenosopsia brasiliensis Michelsen, 1991, Emmesomyia (Taeniomyia) auricollis (Stein 1918), Emmesomyia (Taeniomyia) sobria (Albuquerque, 1981), Leucophora maculipennis (Albuquerque, 1953), Pegomyia carrerai Albuquerque, 1959b e Phaonantho mallochi Curran, 1934 são registradas pela primeira vez no estado do Paraná. Anthomyia punctipennis Wiedemann, 1830, Anthomyia pluripunctata (Albuquerque, 1959b), C. comis, C. brasiliensis, L. maculipennis e P. mallochi são novos registros para o estado de Santa Catarina. A. brasiliensis, C. comis e P. mallochi são novos registros para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os espécimes macho de A. xanthopyga e fêmea de A. plurinervis são descritos pela primeira vez. São propostas as seguintes combinações: Anthomyia aurifacies (Albuquerque, 1958) comb. n., Anthomyia crassinervis (Albuquerque, 1959a) comb. n., Anthomyia latimaculata (Albuquerque, 1959a) comb. n., Anthomyia paulistensis (Albuquerque, 1952) comb. n., Anthomyia pallidithorax (Albuquerque, 1959b) comb. n., Anthomyia plurinervis (Albuquerque, 1958) comb. n. e Anthomyia xanthopyga (Albuquerque, 1959b) comb. n. São fornecidas descrições e redescrições de todas as espécies encontradas na região, além de chaves de identificação para gêneros e espéciesAbstract; The Fanniidae are found in all biogeographic regions, except in the poles. About 285 species are currently recognized, of which about 75 occur in the Neotropical region belonging to two genera: Euryomma Stein 1899 and Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy. In the present study a taxonomic survey of the species from the south region of Brazil was accomplished. Before the present study, two species of Euryomma and 12 of Fannia were recognized. In this study 26 species were found, of which five new species are described, one belonging to Euryomma and four to Fannia and more Fannia admirabilis Albuquerque, 1958; Fannia albitarsis Stein, 1911; Fannia carvalhoi Couri, 2005; Fannia itatiaiensis Albuquerque, 1956; Fannia xanthocera Albuquerque, 1954 and Fannia yenhedi Albuquerque are newly recorded for the State of Parana. There were no surveys of Fanniidae in the State of Santa Catarina until now, therefore all species are recorded for the first time: Euryomma carioca Albuquerque, 1956, Euryomma peregrinum (Meigen, 1826); F. albitarsis; Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus, 1761); Fannia femoralis (Stein, 1898); Fannia heydenii (Wiedemann, 1830); Fannia obscurinervis (Stein, 1900); Fannia penicillaris (Stein, 1900); Fannia punctipennis Albuquerque, 1954, Fannia tumidifemur Stein, 1911 and F. yenhedi. E. carioca, F. femoralis, F. heydenii, F. obscurinervis, F. penicillaris, F. punctipennis and F. tumidifemur are new records for the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The female specimen of F. admirabilis is described for the first time. Descriptions of new species, and recognition to already known species are provided, and identification keys to the genera and species of Euryomma and Fannia males and females are proposed

Estudo da interação entre o núcleo tegmentar pedunculopontino e a substância negra Pars Compacta nos processos de aprendizagem e memória

Resumo: O núcleo tegmentar pedunculopontino (PPTg) projeta-se para os núcleos da base, incluindo a parte compacta da substância negra (SNc), cuja perda neuronial ocorre na doença de Parkinson (DP). Perda parcial e anormalidades funcionais dos neurônios do PPTg também estão associadas com essa doença. Pacientes com DP apresentam prejuízos cognitivos além dos distúrbios motores. Nossa hipótese é de que a interação entre o PPTg e a SNc deve ter um papel importante nos prejuízos cognitivos e, então, investigamos o quanto perturbações nas conexões entre o PPTg e a SNc prejudicam a aprendizagem em um teste de resposta condicionada de esquiva em ratos machos Wistar. Os seguintes grupos foram testados: PPTg-unilateral, SNc-unilateral, PPTg-SNc ipsilateral (lesões ipsilaterais no PPTg e na SNc), PTg-SNc contralateral (lesões contralaterais no PPTg e na SNc) e lesões sham (de cada tipo). As lesões na SNc foram feitas com MPTP e as no PPTg com ácido ibotênico. Após a recuperação, todos os ratos foram submetidos a sessões de 50-tentativas no condicionamento de esquiva ativa de 2- vias durante três dias consecutivos. Ratos com lesão unilateral no PPTg ou SNc aprenderam essa tarefa entretanto, ratos com lesão unilateral combinada (mas não ipsilateral) em ambas estruturas não apresentaram sinal de aprendizagem. Esse efeito não foi devido a prejuízos sensório-motores porque as lesões não afetaram o tempo de reação ao som ou ao choque, nem a atividade locomotora dos animais nos intervalos interprovas durante o condicionamento. Entretanto, um número aumentado de nãorespostas foi observado em ratos com lesões combinadas contralaterais em ambas as estruturas. Esses resultados suportam a hipótese de que uma interação funcional entre o PPTg e a SNc é necessária para a aprendizagem e o desempenho de espostas condicionadas de esquiva

New records of the Brazilian Anthomyiidae (Diptera) and a checklist of species from Palmas Grasslands Wildlife Refuge

The Anthomyiidae (Insecta, Diptera) include 1,941 species in 53 genera that are found in a wide range of habitats (forests, cities, agricultural fields). Herein, the anthomyiid fauna of the Atlantic Forest of Palmas (south of the state of Paraná) was surveyed using Malaise traps at altitudes higher than 1,000 meters. The collection of these flies was conducted in Palmas Grasslands Wildlife Refuge (PGWR) that is a full protection conservation unit (CU) surrounded by degraded areas and with high levels of endemism. A total of 12 species of anthomyiid flies (42.3% of Brazilian species) and 7 genera (58.3% of Brazilian genera) were identified, including 9 new records to Paraná (Anthomyia plurinervis (Albuquerque, 1958), A. xanthopyga (Albuquerque, 1959), Calythea comis (Stein, 1911), Coenosopsia ferrari Nihei & de Carvalho, 2004, Emmesomyia auricollis (Stein, 1918), E. sobria (Albuquerque & Couri, 1981), Leucophora maculipennis (Albuquerque, 1953), Pegomya bruchi (Shannon & Del Pont, 1926) and P. poeciloptera Malloch, 1921). Also, we examined some specimens deposited in the Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo in order to update species’ distribution, leading to a new record for Rio Grande do Sul (Pegomya poeciloptera Malloch, 1921) and 3 new records for Santa Catarina (Anthomyia pluripunctata (Albuquerque, 1959), Calythea comis (Stein, 1911), Leucophora maculipennis (Albuquerque, 1953)). A key to the local genera and diagnoses of species are provided

Taxonomia de Anthomyiidae (Diptera) do sul do Brasil

Orientador : Claudio José Barros de CarvalhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia). Defesa: Curitiba, 2005Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentraçao: EntomologiaResumo: Atualmente são reconhecidas aproximadamente 2000 espécies em 40 gêneros de Anthomyiidae, distribuídas principalmente em áreas de clima temperado a ártico e predominantemente na parte boreal do mundo. No presente estudo é realizado um levantamento taxonômico das espécies que ocorrem no Sul do Brasil. Oito espécies novas são descritas, três pertencentes a Anthomyia Meigen, duas a Calythea Schnabl & Dziedzicki, uma a Coenosopsia Malloch e duas a Emmesomyia Malloch. Foram encontradas 16 espécies já descritas em nove gêneros, das quais Anthomyia brasiliensis (Albuquerque, 1949), Anthomyia bruchi (Shannon & Del Ponte, 1926), Anthomyia crassinervis (Albuquerque, 1959a), Anthomyia plurinervis (Albuquerque, 1958), Anthomyia xanthopyga (Albuquerque, 1959b), Calythea comis Stein, 1911, Coenosopsia brasiliensis Michelsen, 1991, Emmesomyia (Taeniomyia) auricollis (Stein 1918), Emmesomyia (Taeniomyia) sobria (Albuquerque, 1981), Leucophora maculipennis (Albuquerque, 1953), Pegomyia carrerai Albuquerque, 1959b e Phaonantho mallochi Curran, 1934 são registradas pela primeira vez no estado do Paraná. Anthomyia punctipennis Wiedemann, 1830, Anthomyia pluripunctata (Albuquerque, 1959b), C. comis, C. brasiliensis, L. maculipennis e P. mallochi são novos registros para o estado de Santa Catarina. A. brasiliensis, C. comis e P. mallochi são novos registros para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os espécimes macho de A. xanthopyga e fêmea de A. plurinervis são descritos pela primeira vez. São propostas as seguintes combinações: Anthomyia aurifacies (Albuquerque, 1958) comb. n., Anthomyia crassinervis (Albuquerque, 1959a) comb. n., Anthomyia latimaculata (Albuquerque, 1959a) comb. n., Anthomyia paulistensis (Albuquerque, 1952) comb. n., Anthomyia pallidithorax (Albuquerque, 1959b) comb. n., Anthomyia plurinervis (Albuquerque, 1958) comb. n. e Anthomyia xanthopyga (Albuquerque, 1959b) comb. n. São fornecidas descrições e redescrições de todas as espécies encontradas na região, além de chaves de identificação para gêneros e espéciesAbstract; The Fanniidae are found in all biogeographic regions, except in the poles. About 285 species are currently recognized, of which about 75 occur in the Neotropical region belonging to two genera: Euryomma Stein 1899 and Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy. In the present study a taxonomic survey of the species from the south region of Brazil was accomplished. Before the present study, two species of Euryomma and 12 of Fannia were recognized. In this study 26 species were found, of which five new species are described, one belonging to Euryomma and four to Fannia and more Fannia admirabilis Albuquerque, 1958; Fannia albitarsis Stein, 1911; Fannia carvalhoi Couri, 2005; Fannia itatiaiensis Albuquerque, 1956; Fannia xanthocera Albuquerque, 1954 and Fannia yenhedi Albuquerque are newly recorded for the State of Parana. There were no surveys of Fanniidae in the State of Santa Catarina until now, therefore all species are recorded for the first time: Euryomma carioca Albuquerque, 1956, Euryomma peregrinum (Meigen, 1826); F. albitarsis; Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus, 1761); Fannia femoralis (Stein, 1898); Fannia heydenii (Wiedemann, 1830); Fannia obscurinervis (Stein, 1900); Fannia penicillaris (Stein, 1900); Fannia punctipennis Albuquerque, 1954, Fannia tumidifemur Stein, 1911 and F. yenhedi. E. carioca, F. femoralis, F. heydenii, F. obscurinervis, F. penicillaris, F. punctipennis and F. tumidifemur are new records for the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The female specimen of F. admirabilis is described for the first time. Descriptions of new species, and recognition to already known species are provided, and identification keys to the genera and species of Euryomma and Fannia males and females are proposed

New records of the Brazilian Anthomyiidae (Diptera) and a checklist of species from Palmas Grasslands Wildlife Refuge

The Anthomyiidae (Insecta, Diptera) include 1,941 species in 53 genera that are found in a wide range of habitats (forests, cities, agricultural fields). Herein, the anthomyiid fauna of the Atlantic Forest of Palmas (south of the state of Paraná) was surveyed using Malaise traps at altitudes higher than 1,000 meters. The collection of these flies was conducted in Palmas Grasslands Wildlife Refuge (PGWR) that is a full protection conservation unit (CU) surrounded by degraded areas and with high levels of endemism. A total of 12 species of anthomyiid flies (42.3% of Brazilian species) and 7 genera (58.3% of Brazilian genera) were identified, including 9 new records to Paraná (Anthomyia plurinervis (Albuquerque, 1958), A. xanthopyga (Albuquerque, 1959), Calythea comis (Stein, 1911), Coenosopsia ferrari Nihei & de Carvalho, 2004, Emmesomyia auricollis (Stein, 1918), E. sobria (Albuquerque & Couri, 1981), Leucophora maculipennis (Albuquerque, 1953), Pegomya bruchi (Shannon & Del Pont, 1926) and P. poeciloptera Malloch, 1921). Also, we examined some specimens deposited in the Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo in order to update species’ distribution, leading to a new record for Rio Grande do Sul (Pegomya poeciloptera Malloch, 1921) and 3 new records for Santa Catarina (Anthomyia pluripunctata (Albuquerque, 1959), Calythea comis (Stein, 1911), Leucophora maculipennis (Albuquerque, 1953)). A key to the local genera and diagnoses of species are provided

Both the dorsal hippocampus and the dorsolateral striatum are needed for rat navigation in the Morris water maze

The multiple memory systems theory proposes that the hippocampus and the dorsolateral striatum are the core structures of the spatial/relational and stimulus-response (S-R) memory systems, respectively. This theory is supported by double dissociation studies showing that the spatial and cue (S-R) versions of the Morris water maze are impaired by lesions in the dorsal hippocarnpus and dorsal striatum, respectively. In the present study we further investigated whether adult male Wistar rats bearing double and bilateral electrolytic lesions in the dorsal hippocampus and dorsolateral striatum were as impaired as rats bearing single lesions in just one of these structures in learning both versions of the water maze. Such a prediction, based on the multiple memory systems theory, was not confirmed. Compared to the controls, the animals with double lesions exhibited no improvement at all in the spatial version and learned the cued version very slowly. These results suggest that, instead of independent systems competing for holding control over navigational behaviour, the hippocampus and dorsal striatum both play critical roles in navigation based on spatial or cue-based strategies. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.CNPqCNPqCAPESCAPESFundacao AraucariaFundacao AraucariaFAPESPFAPES

Functional disconnection of the substantia nigra pars compacta from the pedunculopontine nucleus impairs learning of a conditioned avoidance task

The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) targets nuclei in the basal ganglia, including the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), in which neuronal loss occurs in Parkinson's disease, a condition in which patients show cognitive as well as motor disturbances. Partial loss and functional abnormalities of neurons in the PPTg are also associated with Parkinson's disease. We hypothesized that the interaction of PPTg and SNc might be important for cognitive impairments and so investigated whether disrupting the connections between the PPTg and SNc impaired learning of a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) by male Wistar rats. The following groups were tested: PPTg unilateral; SNc unilateral; PPTg-SNc ipsilateral (ipsilateral lesions in PPTg and SNc); PPTg-SNc contralateral (contralateral lesions in PPTg and SNc); sham lesions (of each type). SNc lesions were made with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine HCl (MPTP, 0.6micromol); PPTg lesions with ibotenate (24nmol). After recovery, all rats underwent 50-trial sessions of 2-way active avoidance conditioning for 3 consecutive days. Rats with unilateral lesions in PPTg or SNc learnt this, however rats with contralateral (but not ipsilateral) combined lesions in both structures presented no sign of learning. This effect was not likely to be due to sensorimotor impairment because lesions did not affect reaction time to the tone or footshock during conditioning. However, an increased number of non-responses were observed in the rats with contralateral lesions. The results support the hypothesis that a functional interaction between PPTg and SNc is needed for CAR learning and performance

Tetracycline repurposing in neurodegeneration: focus on Parkinson’s disease

The prevalence of Parkinson´s disease, which affects millions of people worldwide, is increasing due to the aging population. In addition to the classic motor symptoms caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons, Parkinson´s disease encompasses a wide range of nonmotor symptoms. Although novel disease-modifying medications that slow or stop Parkinson´s disease progression are being developed, drug repurposing, which is the use of existing drugs that have passed numerous toxicity and clinical safety tests for new indications, can be used to identify treatment compounds. This strategy has revealed that tetracyclines are promising candidates for the treatment of Parkinson´s disease. Tetracyclines, which are neuroprotective, inhibit proinflammatory molecule production, matrix metalloproteinase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding/aggregation, and microglial activation. Two commonly used semisynthetic second-generation tetracycline derivatives, minocycline and doxycycline, exhibit effective neuroprotective activity in experimental models of neurodegenerative/ neuropsychiatric diseases and no substantial toxicity. Moreover, novel synthetic tetracyclines with different biological properties due to chemical tuning are now available. In this review, we discuss the multiple effects and clinical properties of tetracyclines and their potential use in Parkinson´s disease treatment. In addition, we examine the hypothesis that the anti-inflammatory activities of tetracyclines regulate inflammasome signaling. Based on their excellent safety profiles in humans from their use for over 50 years as antibiotics, we propose the repurposing of tetracyclines, a multitarget antibiotic, to treat Parkinson´s disease.Fil: Bortolanza, Mariza. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Nascimento, Glauce C.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Socias, Sergio Benjamin. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto de Investigaciones En Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada del Bicentenario. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Tucuman. Ministerio de Salud. Sistema Provincial de Salud. Instituto de Investigaciones En Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada del Bicentenario. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones En Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada del Bicentenario.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Ploper, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto de Investigaciones En Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada del Bicentenario. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Tucuman. Ministerio de Salud. Sistema Provincial de Salud. Instituto de Investigaciones En Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada del Bicentenario. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones En Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada del Bicentenario.; ArgentinaFil: Chehin, Rosana Nieves. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Instituto de Investigaciones En Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada del Bicentenario. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Tucuman. Ministerio de Salud. Sistema Provincial de Salud. Instituto de Investigaciones En Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada del Bicentenario. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones En Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada del Bicentenario.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Raisman Vozari, Rita. Inserm; Francia. Sorbonne University; FranciaFil: del Bel Belluz Guimaraes, Elaine. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Effects of hydrogen gas inhalation on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia is a side effect of Parkinson's disease treatment and it is characterized by atypical involuntary movements. A link between neuroinflammation and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia has been documented. Hydrogen gas (H2) has neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease models and has a major anti-inflammatory effect. Our objective is to test the hypothesis that H2 inhalation reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. 15 days after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of dopaminergic neurons were made (microinjection into the medial forebrain bundle), chronic L-DOPA treatment (15 days) was performed. Rats were exposed to H2 (2% gas mixture, 1 h) or air (controls) before L-DOPA injection. Abnormal involuntary movements and locomotor activity were conducted. Striatal microglia and astrocyte was analyzed and striatal and plasma samples for cytokines evaluation were collected after the abnormal involuntary movements analysis. H2 inhalation attenuated L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. The gas therapy did not impair the improvement of locomotor activity achieved by L-DOPA treatment. H2 inhalation reduced activated microglia in the lesioned striatum, which is consistent with the observed reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Display of abnormal involuntary movements was positively correlated with plasma IL-1β and striatal TNF-α levels and negatively correlated with striatal IL-10 levels. Prophylactic H2 inhalation decreases abnormal involuntary movements in a preclinical L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia model. The H2 antidyskinetic effect was associated with decreased striatal and peripheral inflammation. This finding has a translational importance to L-DOPA-treated parkinsonian patients' well-being

Roles of D1-like dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum in conditioned avoidance responses

Aversively motivated learning is more poorly understood than appetitively motivated learning in many aspects, including the role of dopamine receptors in different regions of the striatum. The present study investigated the roles of the D1-like DA receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) on learning and performance of conditioned avoidance responses (CARs). Adult male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.), intra-NAc, or intra-DLS injections of the D1 dopamine receptor agonist SKF 81297 or the D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 20 min before or immediately after a training session in the CAR task two-way active avoidance, carried out 24 h before a test session. Pre-training administration of SCH 23390, but not SKF 81297, caused a significant decrease in the number of CARs in the test, but not in the training session, when injected into the DLS, or in either session when injected into the NAc. It also caused a significant increase in the number of escape failures in the training session when injected into the NAc. Systemic administration caused a combination of these effects. Post-training administrations of these drugs caused no significant effect. The results suggest that the D1-like receptors in the NAc and DLS play important, though different, roles in learning and performance of CAR