GENDER FEATURE IN WOMEN AND MEN’S SKIN CARE ADVERTISEMENTS

Abstrak Studi ini membahas fitur-fitur gender yang digunakan pada iklan perawatan kulit wanita dan pria. Ditemukan bahwa iklan wanita tidak hanya menggunakan fitur wanita tapi juga menggunakan fitur pria dan sebaliknya. Namun, fenomena itu bisa terjadi karena pria belajar bahasa pertama mereka dari ibu mereka yang menggunakan bahasa wanita. Di sisi lain, wanita juga menggunakan bahasa pria karena mereka memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk bersosialisasi dengan orang-orang di luar, di mana hal itu membuat mereka beradaptasi, belajar dan meniru lebih banyak bahasa. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini berfokus pada masalah: fitur-fitur gender apa saja yang ditemukan pada iklan perawatan kulit wanita dan pria? Untuk menyelesaikan penelitian ini, metode kualitatif deskriptif diterapkan. Selain itu, karena objek penelitian ini adalah video, observasi non partisipatif dan dokumentasi diaplikasikan sebagai teknik mengumpulkan data. Penelitian ini menerapkan teori fitur gender dari Lakoff dan Mulac untuk menganalisis data. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa iklan wanita dan pria memiliki beberapa perbedaan dalam penggunaan fitur gender meskipun penggunaanya berkebalikan. Perbedaannya terletak pada penggunaan kata sifat. Meskipun pria menggunakan fitur ini, mereka menggunakan kata sifat yang netral seperti keren dan kuat, sedangkan wanita tetap menggunakan kata sifat wanita seperti halus, lembut dan cantik. Kata Kunci: fitur gender, periklanan, persangkaan, perawatan kulit.   Abstract This study is discussing about the gender features that are used in women and men’s skin care advertisements. It is found that women’s advertisements are not only using women’s features but also using men’s feature and vice versa. Yet, that phenomenon can happen because men learned their first language from their mother whose used women’s language. On the other hand, women also used men’s language because they have same opportunity to socialize with people in the outside where make them adopted, learned and imitated more languages. Thus, this study focuses on a problem: what are the gender features found in women and men’s skin care advertisements? In order to finish this study, descriptive qualitative method is applied. In addition, since the object of this study is video, observation non-participatory and documentation is applied as the techniques to collect the data. This study applied Lakoff and Mulac’s theory of gender feature to analyze the data. The results showed that women and men’s advertisements are having some differences in the use of gender feature although the use is vice versa for women and men. The differences are laid on the use of empty adjective feature. Even though men use this feature, they use the neutral adjective such as cool and strong, while women use women adjective such as smooth, soft, and beautiful. Keywords: gender feature, advertisement, skin care

COVID 19 Synchronicity: Evaluating Virtual Reference Services of some Academic Libraries in Africa

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of virtual references services of some academic libraries before and during the COVID 19 era in some Africa countries. The case study was the research design used for the study. Seven Sub Saharan African countries, that is, Ghana, Uganda, Tanzania, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa and Botswana were purposely chosen because of their burgeoning establishment in VRSs in Academic Libraries. The researcher sampled academic librarians from these countries as respondents to respond to the online questionnaire. A total of 141 librarians responded to the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (Means and Standard Deviation), inferential statistics (Multiple Regression and ANOVA) were used for the quantitative analysis of the data. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel. The analysis of the findings suggests that there is a high rate of VRSs implementation among academic libraries in Sub- Sahara Africa despite the plethora of challenges related to it. The correlation analysis to determine the patronage of VRSs before and during the COVID 19 outbreak established that, there was an increase in the implementation and integration of these services during the pandemic than before. From the study, inadequate internet connectivity, intermittent power supply, financial challenges, inadequate staff training on VRSs, poor staff attitudes, poor management support and inadequate training on digital service to students and faculty were the major challenges in operating VRS

Collagen mRNA levels changes during colorectal cancer carcinogenesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Invasive growth of epithelial cancers is a complex multi-step process which involves dissolution of the basement membrane. Type IV collagen is a major component in most basement membranes. Type VII collagen is related to anchoring fibrils and is found primarily in the basement membrane zone of stratified epithelia. Immunohistochemical studies have previously reported changes in steady-state levels of different α(IV) chains in several epithelial cancer types. In the present study we aimed to quantitatively determine the mRNA levels of <it>type IV collagen (α1/α4/α6) </it>and <it>type VII collagen (α1) </it>during colorectal cancer carcinogenesis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using quantitative RT-PCR, we have determined the mRNA levels for <it>α1(IV), α4(IV), α6(IV), and α1(VII) </it>in colorectal cancer tissue (n = 33), adenomas (n = 29) and in normal tissue from the same individuals. In addition, corresponding tissue was examined from healthy volunteers (n = 20). mRNA levels were normalized to <it>β-actin</it>. Immunohistochemical analysis of the distributions of type IV and type VII collagens were performed on normal and affected tissues from colorectal cancer patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>α1(IV) </it>and <it>α1(VII) </it>mRNA levels were statistically significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissue (p < 0.001) as compared to corresponding tissue from healthy controls. This is an early event as tissue from adenomas also displayed a higher level. There were small changes in the levels of <it>α4(IV)</it>. The level of <it>α6(IV) </it>was 5-fold lower in colorectal cancer tissue as compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.01). The localisation of type IV and type VII collagen was visualized by immunohistochemical staining.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest that the down-regulation of <it>α6(IV</it>) mRNA coincides with the acquisition of invasive growth properties, whereas <it>α1(IV) </it>and <it>α1(VII) </it>mRNAs were up-regulated already in dysplastic tissue. There are no differences in collagen expression between tissues from healthy individuals and normal tissues from affected individuals.</p

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48 p. : il.; 18 cm