Hormone Imbalance in Women with Infertility Caused by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Is There a Connection with Body Mass Index?

BACKGROUND: The most common cause of female infertility is ovulation disorders, and the most common non-ovulatory cause is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AIM: The aim of the study was to define the reproductive hormone levels in women with infertility due to PCOS, depending on the body mass index (BMI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present study involved 100 women aged 25–39 years with infertility due to PCOS (PCOS group) and 30 women of the same age with infertility due to tubal-peritoneal causes (control group). Infertility due to PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. Hormone levels (anti-Müllerian [AMH], follicle-stimulating [FSH], luteinizing [LH], prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone) in blood serum were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: We detected a correlation between BMI and sex hormone levels as well as LH/FSH ratio. Notably, the ratio of LH/FSH in women with PCOS was significantly different compared to the control group, while at the same time, PCOS was significantly more frequent in overweight and obese patients compared to those with normal BMI. For instance, the LH/FSH ratio was 30.35% higher in women with Class 2 obesity than in the group of women with normal weight. However, in women with both PCOS and Class 3 obesity, the LH/FSH ratio was the lowest among those with a BMI of 25.0-39.9. CONCLUSIONS: We found a hormonal imbalance in women with infertility caused by PCOS: Increased levels of AMH and LH, estradiol, and testosterone and decreased FSH levels. Analysis of the relationship between the concentration of reproductive hormones and BMI showed a weak inverse relationship between BMI with FSH levels, as well as a direct correlation with the levels of LH, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone, and LH/FSH ratio. Thus, obesity exacerbates the hormonal imbalance in women with infertility caused by PCOS

Роль цитокіногенезу у розвитку гострого ураження легень = Role of cytokinesis in the development of acute lung injury

Mahovsky V.P., Osinchuk R.R., Marushchak M.I. Роль цитокіногенезу у розвитку гострого ураження легень = Role of cytokinesis in the development of acute lung injury. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(1):133-138. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14193http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%281%29%3A133-138https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/530304http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14193Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.09.2014. Revised 18.01.2015. Accepted: 21.01.2015.  Роль цитокіногенезу у розвитку гострого ураження легеньRole of cytokinesis in the development of acute lung injury Маховський В.П., Осінчук Р.Р., Марущак М.І.Mahovsky V.P., Osinchuk R.R., Marushchak M.I. Vasyl Mahovsky [email protected] Osinchuk [email protected] Marushchak [email protected] ДВНЗ «Тернопільський державний медичний університет імені І.Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України»SHEI Ternopil State Medical University named after I.Ya. Gorbachevsky MOH of Ukraine Ключові слова: цитокіни, гостре ураження легень, експеримент. Key words: cytokine, acute lung injury, experiment. Резюме. Метою нашої роботи було оцінити зміни фактору некрозу пухлин-α й інтерлейкіну 1β у сироватці крові та бронхоальвеолярному змиві за умови гострого ураження легень в експерименті. Проведене нами дослідження вказало на хвилеподібні зміни у сироватці крові, тоді  як у БАЗ зафіксовано зростання концентрації ФНП-α  приблизно у 9 разів протягом всього періоду експерименту (р<0,001). Рівень IL–1β зростав на 74,2 % проти контролю в перші 2 год ГУЛ, через 6 год  – на 63,5 % відносно даних 2-ої дослідної групи, через 12 год – на 13,3 % проти результатів 3-ої дослідної групи і на 24 год досліду – на 18,9 % порівняно з попередньої групою. У БАЗ через добу спостереження концентрація IL–1β достовірно збільшилась практично вдвічі, причому відбувалось поступове зростання рівня даного цитокіну впродовж 24 год. Отже, за умови гострого гідрохлоридного ураження легень спостерігається статистично значима взаємозв’язана гіперпродукція прозапальних ФНП-α й IL–1β у бронхоальвеолярному змиві та сироватці крові, що може відігравати важливу роль в ініціації та прогресуванні даної патології внаслідок активації й дегрануляції нейтрофілів та запуску метаболічних каскадних реакцій.                Summary. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage during acute lung injury in the experiment. Our study was indicated undulating changes in serum, while in the BAL it was observed increase of the TNF- α concentration about 9 times during the whole period of the experiment (р<0,001). The level of IL-1β grew by 74,2% compared to control in the first 2 hours of ALI, after 6 hours - by 63,5% relative to the data of the second control group, after 12 hours - by 13,3% against the results of the third experimental group, and after 24 hours - by 18,9% compared to previous group. It was significantly increased the concentration of IL- 1β in the BAL by almost twiceafter 24 hours, and the gradual increase in the level of that cytokine was being observed during 24 hours period.  So, during hydrochloric-induced acute lung injury we observed statistically significant interrelated hyperproduction of proinflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β in bronchoalveolar lavage and serum, which can play an important role in the initiation and progression of this pathology as a result of activation and degranulation of neutrophils and launching the cascade of metabolic reactions

Subklinički hopotireoidizam doprinosi makrovaskularnim komplikacijama u bolesnika s dijabetes melitusom tip 2

This study aimed to evaluate changes of the lipid panel data in patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and to identify the probable prognostic values of the lipid profile for macrovascular complication (MVC) development. The study included 370 patients presented with only T2DM and 30 patients suffering from both T2DM and SCH. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify prognostically significant values of the lipid profile with the optimal ratio of sensitivity and specificity for MVC development. All lipid profile values in the patients with T2DM combined with SCH were significantly higher compared to those with only T2DM. At the same time, SCH + T2DM increased the risk of exceeding target levels of triglycerides by 2.9 times and HDL-C by 4.1 times. Analysis of lipid profile values according to macrovascular involvement showed that total cholesterol, LDL-C and non-HDL-C in patients with T2DM and SCH were significantly higher compared to those with only T2DM. The levels of triglycerides >1.65 mmol/L, non-HDL-C >3.74 mmol/L and remnant cholesterol >0.74 mmol/L determined by the ROC analysis can be used for stratification of patients with T2DM combined with SCH into the category of increased risk of MVC development.Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti promjene u lipidnom profilu kod bolesnika s dijabetes melitusom tip 2 (T2DM) i subkliničkim hipotireoidizmom (SCH) te utvrditi vjerojatne prognostičke vrijednosti lipidnog profila za razvoj makrovaskularnih komplikacija (MVK). U studiju je bilo uključeno 370 bolesnika koji su imali samo T2DM i 30 bolesnika koji su imali i T2DM i SCH. Prognostički značajne vrijednosti lipidnog profila s optimalnim omjerom osjetljivosti i specifičnosti za razvoj MVK utvrđene su analizom krivulje ROC. Sve vrijednosti lipidnog profila bile su značajno više u bolesnika s T2DM u kombinaciji sa SCH u usporedbi s bolesnicima koji su imali samo T2DM. Istodobna prisutnost SCH i T2DM povećala je rizik od prekoračenja ciljnih razina triglicerida 2,9 puta i HDL kolesterola 4,1 puta. Analiza vrijednosti lipidnog profila u odnosu na zahvaćenost makrovaskularnih struktura pokazala je da su ukupni kolesterol, LDL kolesterol i ne-HDL kolesterol značajno viši u bolesnika s T2DM i SCH u usporedbi s onima koji imaju samo T2DM. Razine triglicerida >1,65 mmol/L, ne-HDL kolesterola >3,74 mmol/L i ostatnog kolesterola >0,74 mmol/L utvrđene analizom ROC mogu poslužiti za prepoznavanje bolesnika s T2DM i SCH kao skupine s povišenim rizikom za razvoj MVK

CHRONIC HEART FAILURE CAUSES OSTEOPATHY OR IS OSTEOPATHY A FACTOR IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE?

Objective: As their proportion rises in the aging population, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis increasingly become significant health problems of the developed world, leading to reduced lifespan and substantial financial burdens, not the least because of complications and comorbidities associated with each disorder. This study investigates bone mineralization in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated by Stage I chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods: The study group consisted of 41 patients of both sexes with CHF Stage I against the background of CHD that with no severe comorbidities that could have potentially caused changes in bone tissue. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray densitometry of lumbar region of spine and proximal right femur.Results: Structural and functional changes in the bone of the lumbar spine were found in 75.9% of the patients with Stage I CHF caused by CHD. Osteopenia was diagnosed in 64.4% of the patients, while osteosclerotic bone changes were less frequent and found in 11.5% of the patients. 75.8% of the patients had structural and functional changes in the proximal segment of the right femur bone. In men with Stage I CHF against the background of CHD osteopenia was more often diagnosed in the proximal segment of the right femur, while in women it was found in almost equal proportion in the spine and hip.Conclusions: In both sexes with I Stage CHF against the background of CHD were diagnosed changes in bone mineralization, with osteopenia being the prevailing diagnosis.Â

Особливості антоксидантної системи захисту у динаміці розвитку гострого респіраторного дистрес-синдрому та при різних методах корекції у щурів

Taking into account the pathogenetic role of membrane destructing processes of the oxidative stress and hypoxia in ARDS development, it becomes obvious that it is necessary to use antihypoxants-antioxidants. During the last decade the large number of researchers searched for effective metabolic preparations to treat and prevent ARDS. This work is devoted to this important question of the modern medicine.Aim of research – to determine the indices of the antioxidant protection system in the dynamics of an acute respiratory distress-syndrome development and at different correction methods in rats with a different tolerance to hypoxia.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 106 white non-linear male rats, kept on the standard ration of the vivarium of Ternopol state medical university, named after I.Y. Gorbachevsky. The experiment on the assessment of an effect of oxygen insufflation, “KD-234” and reamberin was carried out taking into account animals’ individual tolerance to hypoxia, determined by the method of V.Y. Berezovsky. For further studies were taken animals from the group of hypoxia middle tolerable rats HMT) with the survival time 240–360 s and low tolerable rats (HLT) with the survival time less than 180 s. Animals were divided in 5 groups: 1 – control group (n=12; HMT/HLT=6/6), 2 – ARDS modeling without correction, observations in 2 hours. (n=24: 12/12), 3 – ARDS modeling, correction by oxygen insufflation (n=24: 12/12), 4 – ARDS modeling “KD-234” correction (n=24: 12/12), 5 – ARDS modeling, reamberin correction (n=22: 11/11). Animal underwent ARDS modeling by G. Маtute-Bello method. For the correction in 4th studied group for used “KD-234”substance, diluted in distilled water for injections and administered intragastrally through a probe in the dose 50 mg/kg and in 5th studied group – reamberin, administered intraabdominally in the dose 10 ml/kg to animals in 1 hour before ARDS modeling.Results. It was established, that under conditions of the acute respiratory distress-syndrome SOD, catalase activity and SH-groups content in animals with a different tolerance to hypoxia decrease comparing with the control (р<0,05). In HMT animals group this index is more than in HLT animals. The use of oxygen insufflation under conditions of an experimental distress-syndrome leads to normalization of SOD, catalase activity and SH-groups content in animals with a different tolerance to hypoxia. “KD-234” substance administration is attended by the reliable increase of catalase activity and normalization of the antioxidant-prooxidant index in liver tissues of HMT animals. At reamberin administration SOD activity in liver homogenate grows in both studied groups with the index normalization in HMT animals and the antioxidant-prooxidant index of liver tissues increases (р<0,05).Conclusions. These data give grounds to consider the use of the combination of “KD -234” substance and reamberin in the complex treatment of ARDS in the experiment as pathogenetically grounded and prospectiveВстановлено, що в умовах гострого респіраторного дистрес-синдрому активність СОД, каталази та вміст SH-груп у тварин з різною стійкістю до гіпоксії знижуються. Застосування інсуфляції киснем, субстанції “КД-234”і реамберину в даних умовах призводить до нормалізації активності СОД і каталази, вмісту SH-груп у тварин з різною стійкістю до гіпоксі

Hepatopulmonary syndrome: proposed mediators of pulmonary vasodilation

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe complication seen in the advanced liver disease. It is characterized by the triad of abnormal arterial oxygenation caused by intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVD) in the setting of advanced liver disease, portal hypertension, or congenital portosystemic shunts. Liver transplantation is the only curative option for HPS. Pulmonary vascular dilation and angiogenesis are two central pathogenic features that cause abnormal pulmonary gas exchange in experimental HPS, and thus might underlie HPS in humans. The vascular component includes diffuse or local dilation of the pulmonary capillaries, and less commonly includes pulmonary arteriovenous shunts. The mechanisms responsible for the vascular changes in HPS remain incompletely understood. Research into the underlying molecular mechanisms has mainly focused on the roles of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), etc. and is summarised below

The indices of endogenous intoxication in rats with different models of hepatopulmonary syndrome

Introduction. The pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) has not been clarified, but since the basis of HPS development is the dilation of inner lung capillaries, researchers suggest that HPS is caused by the prolonged action of biologically active compounds on the blood vessels of pulmonary circuit and a syndrome of systemic inflammatory response has also been implicated in its development. The objective of the study was to evaluate the indices of endogenous intoxication and inflammation in blood serum and lung tissue of animals with different models of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Material and methods. The first experimental model of HPS was made by imposing a double ligature on common bile duct and its further dissection with a scalpel. The animals of second experimental group were fed with a mixture of maize flour, lard, cholesterol, and alcohol plus subcutaneously injection with carbon tetrachloride oil solution for 8 weeks. Determination of the middle mass molecules contents, TNF-α and CRP was carried out in blood serum and lung tissue. Results. The modelling of HPS resulted in a statistically significant increase in endogenous intoxication, manifested by an increase in the content of MMM and inflammation indices in blood serum and supernatant of lung tissue homogenate. An increasing of middle mass molecules was more significant for a pool of МMМ2. Conclusions. Comparing the indices of endogenous intoxication and inflammation in blood serum and lung tissue in both models of hepatopulmonary syndrome, we have found the synchronous development of destructive processes on systemic and local levels with predominance in lungs

The role of free-radical oxidation in the initiation of apoptotic blood leukocytes death in the dynamics of experimental mechanical non-penetrating corneal injury

The objective of the study was to investigate the features of free-radical oxidation and apoptotic leukocyte death in the dynamics of mechanical non-penetrating corneal injury in rabbits. Material and methods. The peculiar features of free-radical oxidation (the content of TBA-reactants and Schiff bases) in blood and aqueous humor were determined using biochemical methods. The analysis of blood leukocytes samples to determine reactive oxygen species was evaluated by the flow laser cytometry method, using 2.7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The percentage of apoptotic blood leukocytes was evaluated by the flow laser cytometry method, using specific kit. Results. In case of experimental non-penetrating mechanical corneal injury, the percentages of reactive oxygen species and spontaneous apoptosis of blood leukocytes increased significantly from the 3rd day of the experiment, with the highest values within 14th and 21st days of observation. Also, the intensification of lipid peroxidation (increased content of TBA- reactants and the Schiff bases) in blood and aqueous humor, with a maximal increase on the 14th day of observation (p<0.05), has been observed. The strongest correlations between the percentage of apoptotic blood leukocytes, the content of TBA-reactants and the percentage of ROS were observed within the 7th-14th days of the experiment. Conclusions. One of the important signaling pathway of blood leukocytes apoptosis triggering in case of mechanical non-penetrating corneal injury in rabbits is reactive oxygen species overproduction and possible disruption of the mitochondrial inner membrane (direct relationship between the increase of TBA-reactants, reactive oxygen species and percentage of annexin-positive blood leukocytes (r=0.99; p<0.05))

Mitochondrial mechanisms of apoptosis in case of experimental combined trauma of the chest and both thighs

The objective of the study was to investigate the features of blood neutrophils’ apoptosis in case of combined trauma of the chest and both thighs in rats. Material and methods. The analysis of cell samples to determine reactive oxygen species was evaluated by the flow laser cytometry method, using 2.7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The percentage of neutrophils with low transmembrane mitochondrial potential and percentage of apoptotic neutrophils were evaluated by the flow laser cytometry method, using specific kits. Results. It was established the progressive, statistically significant increasing of Annexin V- positive cells percentage from the first day of the experiment, with the highest values within 7-14 days of observation. On the 28th day of experiment, the reduction of apoptotic white blood cells percentage by 7.7% than the findings on the 14th day was observed, but it remained 33.3% higher than the control. Conclusion. One of the important signaling pathways of apoptosis triggering in case of experimental combined trauma of the chest and both thighs is reactive oxygen species overproduction and disruption of the mitochondrial inner membrane, due to the decreasing transmembrane potential on 3-7 days of observation

Association of the metabolic syndrome components with the chronotype, level of daytime sleepiness and dispositional optimism in patients with arterial hypertension

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (AH) coexists with such conditions as obesity, insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia, that is, interrelated metabolic disorders that characterize the metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the study was to establish relationships between components of MS and chronotype, level of daytime sleepiness, and dispositional optimism in patients with AH. Methods: The study included 42 patients diagnosed with stage 2 essential AH. To study the chronotype, we used the validated questionnaire “Composite Scale of Morningness” and scales from official available sources. Dispositional optimism (LOT-R) was assessed using a questionnaire adapted from O.A. Sychova. Epworth scale was used to assess the severity day sleepiness. Laboratory parameters were determined using commercially available kits. Results: The main components of the MS are found in more than half of the patients with AH, of which 61.90% have abdominal obesity, 42.86% have hypertriacylglycerolemia, 26.19% have hyperglycemia, and 66.67% have a decrease in HDL-C levels. Patients with AH with diagnosed components of MS have an evening chronotype, daytime sleepiness, and low optimism is diagnosed to the same extent as patients without MS. At the same time, evening (53.85%) and intermediate (38.46%) chronotypes are found in patients with abdominal obesity, and the frequency of daytime sleepiness registration, and a low level of optimism does not depend on the presence of abdominal obesity; patients with dyslipidemia are characterized by low optimism, evening and intermediate chronotypes, and severe daytime sleepiness; and a glucose level ≥5.6 mmol/l is registered in most patients with an evening chronotype. Conclusion: The research conducted showed significant relationships between abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and evening chronotype, daytime sleepiness, and low optimism in patients with AH