Diplomasi Indonesia terhadap Unesco dalam Meresmikan Subak sebagai Warisan Budaya Dunia

This research is about Indonesia diplomacy effort to UNESCO to inaugurate Subak in Bali as a world cultural heritage from Indonesia in 2012. Subak Bali is a cultural heritage, it is an irrigation system that regulates the division of water management based on the mindset of harmony and togetherness, it based on formal rules and religious values. Many claims by other countries that take Indonesian culture, such as batik claiming by Malaysia, its make Indonesian government ask to UNESCO to recognize Subak as Indonesian culture. Many participants help the government to get the legally, its come from local community and also the government. Subak get legally as a Indonesia heritage culture after 10 years by some process like selection, filtration and fit and proper test. This research applies realist perspective, where it focuses on state as the main actor in international politics. Indonesia wants show to the world that Indonesia also has a heritage culture. To explain this research, the author used theory of diplomacy. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. It uses the library method by taking the data from books, journals, articles, internet and other source. The author visit Department Cultural of Bali to direct research. This research applies realist perspective, where it focuses on state as the main actor in international politics. Indonesia wants show to the world that Indonesia also has a heritage culture. To explain this research, the author used theory of diplomacy. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. It uses the library method by taking the data from books, journals, articles, internet and other source. The author visit Department Cultural of Bali to direct research. The result of this research indicate that Indonesian government did multi-track diplomacy effort to get legally Subak as a world cultural heritage of Indonesia from UNESCO on 2012. The effort get a feedback from UNESCO on Mei 2012, when the Bali Heritage culture The Cultural Landscape of Bali : Subak System as a Manifestation of The Tri Hita Karana was approved to be a World Cultural heritage. It assigned in the 36th session of UNESCO in St. Petersbug, Russia on 29 June 2012. The result of this research indicate that Indonesian government did multi-track diplomacy effort to get legally Subak as a world cultural heritage of Indonesia from UNESCO on 2012. The effort get a feedback from UNESCO on Mei 2012, when the Bali Heritage culture The Cultural Landscape of Bali : Subak System as a Manifestation of The Tri Hita Karana was approved to be a World Cultural heritage. It assigned in the 36th session of UNESCO in St. Petersbug, Russia on 29 June 2012. Keywords: subak, UNESCO, cultural heritage of Bali, multy-track diplomacy Keywords: subak, UNESCO, cultural heritage of Bali, multy-track diplomac

[Ru^III(valen)(CN)₂]⁻: a New Building Block To Design 4d–4f Heterometallic Complexes

New 4d–4f heterometallic complexes with a one-dimensional structure, ¹_∞[{Ru­(valen)­(CN)₂KRu­(valen)­(CN)₂}­{Ln­(O₂NO)₂(CH₃OH)₃}]·2CH₃OH (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy), have been assembled from the reaction of [K­(H₂O)₂Ru^III(valen)­(CN)₂]·H₂O with lanthanide nitrates. The exchange interaction between Ru^III and Gd^III mediated by the cyanido ligand was determined for the first time and found to be weak and of antiferromagnetic nature

Homo- and heterometallic complexes constructed from hexafluoroacetylacetonato and Schiff-base complexes as building-blocks

<p>Three new homo- and heterotrimetallic complexes have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized: [Cu₂(saldmpn)₂(<i>μ</i>-OCH₃)₂Cu₂(hfac)₂] (<b>1</b>), [Ni₂(valaepy)₂(hfac)₂] (<b>2</b>), [Cu(saldmpn)Co(hfac)₂] (<b>3</b>) [H₂saldmpn is the Schiff-base resulting from condensation of salicylaldehyde with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane and Hvalaepy results from the reaction of <i>o</i>-vanillin with 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine)]. The structure of <b>1</b> consists of a neutral tetranuclear species that can be viewed as resulting from mutual coordination of one {(hfac)Cu(<i>μ</i>-OCH₃)₂(Cu(hfac)} and two {Cu(saldmpn)} building blocks. Compound <b>2</b> is a binuclear complex that results from two {Ni(hfac)(valaepy} fragments, the nickel(II) ions bridged by the two phenoxide-oxygens. The heterobinuclear complex <b>3</b> results from coordination of the [Cu(saldmpn)] metalloligand to cobalt(II) from the {Co(hfac)₂} unit. The magnetic properties of <b>1–3</b> have been investigated from 1.9 to 300 K. An overall ferromagnetic behavior is observed for <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> leading to <i>S</i> = 2 low-lying spin state for each one. In the case of <b>3</b>, a non-magnetic ground state results because of the occurrence of an intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling between the copper(II) ion and the high-spin cobalt(II) ion, this last one behaving as an effective spin <i>S</i>_eff = ½ at low temperatures where only the ground Kramers doublet of Co(II) is thermally populated. The values of the intramolecular magnetic couplings in <b>1–3</b> are compared with those from the literature on related systems.</p

Homo- and heterometallic complexes constructed from hexafluoroacetylacetonato and Schiff-base complexes as building-blocks

<p>Three new homo- and heterotrimetallic complexes have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized: [Cu₂(saldmpn)₂(<i>μ</i>-OCH₃)₂Cu₂(hfac)₂] (<b>1</b>), [Ni₂(valaepy)₂(hfac)₂] (<b>2</b>), [Cu(saldmpn)Co(hfac)₂] (<b>3</b>) [H₂saldmpn is the Schiff-base resulting from condensation of salicylaldehyde with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane and Hvalaepy results from the reaction of <i>o</i>-vanillin with 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine)]. The structure of <b>1</b> consists of a neutral tetranuclear species that can be viewed as resulting from mutual coordination of one {(hfac)Cu(<i>μ</i>-OCH₃)₂(Cu(hfac)} and two {Cu(saldmpn)} building blocks. Compound <b>2</b> is a binuclear complex that results from two {Ni(hfac)(valaepy} fragments, the nickel(II) ions bridged by the two phenoxide-oxygens. The heterobinuclear complex <b>3</b> results from coordination of the [Cu(saldmpn)] metalloligand to cobalt(II) from the {Co(hfac)₂} unit. The magnetic properties of <b>1–3</b> have been investigated from 1.9 to 300 K. An overall ferromagnetic behavior is observed for <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> leading to <i>S</i> = 2 low-lying spin state for each one. In the case of <b>3</b>, a non-magnetic ground state results because of the occurrence of an intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling between the copper(II) ion and the high-spin cobalt(II) ion, this last one behaving as an effective spin <i>S</i>_eff = ½ at low temperatures where only the ground Kramers doublet of Co(II) is thermally populated. The values of the intramolecular magnetic couplings in <b>1–3</b> are compared with those from the literature on related systems.</p

Dodecanuclear [Cu^II₆Gd^III₆] Nanoclusters as Magnetic Refrigerants

A novel dodecanuclear complex, [{(HL)­(L)­(DMF)­Cu^IIGd^III(DMF)­(H₂O)}₆]·6DMF (<b>1</b>; DMF = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide), has been obtained using the ligand resulting from the condensation of 3-formylsalicylic acid with hydroxylamine (H₃L). The exchange interaction between the phenoxo-bridged Cu^II and Gd^III ions is weak ferromagnetic (<i>J</i> = +1.01 cm^–1). The combination of a high-spin ground state with small anisotropy leads to a significant magnetocaloric effect [−Δ<i>S</i>_m(0–7 T) = 23.5 J K g^–1 K^–1 at ∼2 K]

Dodecanuclear [Cu^II₆Gd^III₆] Nanoclusters as Magnetic Refrigerants

A novel dodecanuclear complex, [{(HL)­(L)­(DMF)­Cu^IIGd^III(DMF)­(H₂O)}₆]·6DMF (<b>1</b>; DMF = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide), has been obtained using the ligand resulting from the condensation of 3-formylsalicylic acid with hydroxylamine (H₃L). The exchange interaction between the phenoxo-bridged Cu^II and Gd^III ions is weak ferromagnetic (<i>J</i> = +1.01 cm^–1). The combination of a high-spin ground state with small anisotropy leads to a significant magnetocaloric effect [−Δ<i>S</i>_m(0–7 T) = 23.5 J K g^–1 K^–1 at ∼2 K]

Two-Dimensional Coordination Polymers Constructed by [Ni^IILn^III] Nodes and [W^IV(bpy)(CN)₆]^2– Spacers: A Network of [Ni^IIDy^III] Single Molecule Magnets

Three isomorphous two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymers of general formula {[Ni^II(valpn)­Ln^III­(NO₃)­(H₂O)­(μ-NC)₄W^IV­(bipy)­(CN)₂]­·<i>x</i>H₂O­·<i>y</i>CH₃CN}_<i>n</i> have been synthesized by reacting Ph₄P­[W^V(CN)₆­(bipy)] with the heterodinuclear [Ni^IILn^III(valpn)­(O₂NO)₃] complexes [H₂valpn = 1,3-propanediyl-bis­(2-iminomethylene-6-methoxyphenol), bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, and Ln = Gd (<b>1</b>), Dy (<b>2</b>), and Tb (<b>3</b>) with <i>x</i> = 2 (<b>1</b>), 3.9 (<b>2</b>), and 3.35 (<b>3</b>) and <i>y</i> = 2.50 (<b>1</b>), 2 (<b>2</b>), and 1.8 (<b>3</b>)]. Their crystal structures consist of [Ni^IILn^III] 3d-4f nodes which are connected by [W^IV(bipy)­(CN)₆]^2– diamagnetic linkers resulting from the reduction of W^V to W^IV during the reaction process. The Ni­(II) and Ln­(III) ions occupy the inner and outer coordination sites of the dideprotonated valpn ligand, respectively, and they are doubly bridged by the phenoxo oxygen atoms of such a ligand. The value of Ni­(II)···Ln­(III) separation through this bridge is 3.4919(10) (<b>1</b>), 3.4760(10) (<b>2</b>), and 3.4799(9) (<b>3</b>) Å, and those of the angles at the bridgehead phenoxo atoms are 106.6(2) and 107.3(2) (<b>1</b>), 106.9(2), and 107.8(2) (<b>2</b>) and 106.5(2)–106.8(2)° (<b>3</b>). Each W­(IV) is eight-coordinated with a bidentate bipy molecule and six cyanide-carbon atoms building a somewhat distorted square antiprism environment. The rare-earth cations are nine-coordinated, the donor atoms describing a monocapped square antiprism for <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> and a tricapped trigonal prism for <b>2</b>. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 1.9–300 K show the occurrence of ferromagnetic interactions between the Ni­(II) and Ln­(III) ions in <b>1</b>–<b>3</b>. Frequency-dependent alternating susceptibility signals were observed for the Dy^III derivative below 8.0 K under an applied dc field of 2500 G indicating the presence of slow magnetic relaxation with values of the pre-exponential factor (τ₀) and energy barrier (<i>E</i>^#) of ca. 5.7 × 10^–8 s and 15.9 cm^–1, respectively. Complex <b>2</b> constitutes the first example of a 2D 3d-4f heterobimetallic single molecule magnet (SMM)

A Robust Metal–Organic Framework Constructed from Alkoxo-Bridged Binuclear Nodes and Hexamethylenetetramine Spacers: Crystal Structure and Sorption Studies

A neutral 3D metal–organic framework, ³_∞[Cu₂(mand)₂(hmt)]·H₂O (<b>1</b>), was constructed from binuclear Cu₂O₂ alkoxo-bridged nodes, generated by the doubly deprotonated mandelic acid. The nodes are connected by hexamethylenetetramine (hmt) spacers, which act as biconnective bridging ligands, and by carboxylato groups. Channels are observed along the crystallographic <i>c</i> axis. The water molecules from the channels can be easily removed, preserving the architecture of the crystal, which is stable up to 280 °C. The Langmuir surface area was found to be 610 m² g^–1. The sorption ability of <b>1</b> was investigated using H₂ and CO₂

Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Two Novel Cyanido-Bridged Heterotrimetallic {Cu^IIMn^IICr^III} Complexes

The self-assembly process between the heteroleptic [Cr^III(phen)­(CN)₄]⁻ and [Cr^III(ampy)­(CN)₄]⁻ metalloligands and the heterobimetallic {Cu^II(valpn)­Mn^II}²⁺ tecton afforded two heterotrimetallic complexes of formula [{Cu^II(valpn)­Mn^II(μ-NC)₂Cr^III(phen)­(CN)₂}₂{(μ-NC)­Cr^III(phen)­(CN)₃}₂]·2CH₃CN (<b>1</b>) and {[Cu^II(valpn)­Mn^II(μ-NC)₂Cr^III(ampy)­(CN)₂]₂·2CH₃CN}_<i>n</i> (<b>2</b>) [phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, ampy = 2-aminomethylpyridine, and H₂valpn = 1,3-propanedyilbis­(2-iminomethylene-6-methoxyphenol)]. The crystal structure of <b>1</b> consists of neutral Cu^II₂Mn^II₂Cr^III₄ octanuclear units, where two [Cr­(phen)­(CN)₄]⁻ anions act as bis-monodentate ligands through cyanide groups toward two manganese­(II) ions from two [Cu^II(valpn)­Mn^II]²⁺ units to form a [{Cu­(valpn)­Mn}₂Cr₂(CN)₄]⁶⁺ square motif. Two [Cr­(phen)­(CN)₄]⁻ pendant anions in <b>1</b> are bound to the copper­(II) ions with <i>cis–trans</i> geometry with respect to the bridging [Cr­(phen)­(CN)₄]⁻ anion. Compound <b>2</b> is a sheet-like coordination polymer, where chains constituted by {Cr^III(ampy)­(CN)₄} spacers act as bis-monodentate ligands toward the manganese­(II) ions belonging to the {Cu^II(valpn)­Mn^II} nodes, which are interlinked by another {Cr^III(ampy)­(CN)₄} unit that acts as a bridge between the copper­(II) and manganese­(II) ions of adjacent chains. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range of 1.9–300 K were performed for <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>. An overall antiferromagnetic behavior is observed for <b>1</b>, the ground spin state being described by a spin triplet from the square motif plus two magnetically isolated spin triplets from the two peripheral chromium­(III) ions. Ferrimagnetic chains with interacting spins 1/2 (resulting spin of the trimetallic {Cu^II(valpn)­Mn^II(μ-NC)­Cr^III} fragment) and 3/2 (spin from the <i>bis</i>-monodentate [Cr^III(ampy)­(CN)₄]⁻ with weak interchain ferromagnetic interactions across the cyanide bridge between the chromium­(III) and the copper­(II) ion from adjacent chains [θ = +3.83(2) cm^–1]) occur in <b>2</b>, resulting into a ferromagnetic ordering below 3.5 K. The values of the magnetic coupling between the Cu­(II) and Mn­(II) ions through the double phenoxide bridge [<i>J</i> = −63.1(2) (<b>1</b>) and −62(3) cm^–1 (<b>2</b>)] and those between the Cr­(III) and the Mn­(II) across the single cyanide bridge [<i>J</i> = −7.08(5) and −4.86(6) cm^–1 (<b>1</b>) and −8.59(3) cm^–1 (<b>2</b>)] agree with the values reported for these exchange pathways in other magnetostructural studies

[W(bipy)(CN)₆]⁻: A Suitable Metalloligand in the Design of Heterotrimetallic Complexes. The First Cu^IILn^IIIW^V Trinuclear Complexes

The first 3d–4f–5d heterotrimetallic complexes using [W^V(bipy)­(CN)₆]⁻ as a metalloligand were synthesized (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine). The structural and magnetic properties of three [Cu^IILn^IIIW^V] complexes (Ln = Gd, Ho, Tb) are discussed