Additional file 1: Table S1. of The association of reduced lung function with blood pressure variability in African Americans: data from the Jackson Heart Study

Baseline characteristics for Jackson Heart Study participants by quartiles of forced-expiratory-volume-in-1-second-to-forced-vital-capacity ratio. (DOCX 24 kb

Additional file 1: of Sedentary behavior and subclinical atherosclerosis in African Americans: cross-sectional analysis of the Jackson heart study

Supplemental Methods. Supplemental References. Table S1. Characteristics of JHS participants included and not included from analyses. Table S2. Characteristics of Jackson Heart Study participants (n = 3410) by category of occupational sitting. Table S3. Characteristics of Jackson Heart Study participants (n = 3410) by category of occupational standing. (DOCX 45 kb

Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome in the Jackson Heart Study Prevalence Ratios and (95% Confidence Intervals).

<p>Figures estimate age-adjusted associations with metabolic syndrome via binomial log regression with multiple imputations for missing covariates performed in PROC GENMOD, with repeated statement for neighborhood census tracts. Reference categories: Lives in most advantaged neighborhoods, does not perceives neighborhood as unsafe. Analysis for metabolic syndrome excludes all diabetics (self-reported, use of diabetic medications, elevated fasting plasma glucose equal or greater than 126 mg/dL, or hemoglobin A1C greater or equal to 6.5%) and individuals with ≤400 kcal daily energy intake.</p>a<p>Models estimate the prevalence ratios associated with neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and perceived neighborhood safety adjusted for active living index, current smoking status, meeting USDA diet recommendations for percentage of calories as carbohydrate, fat, greater than 15% of daily calories as protein, daily dietary fiber intake, and percentages of calories as alcohol.</p>b<p>Adjusts for age, health behaviors, lives in most disadvantaged neighborhoods, perceives neighborhood as unsafe, neighborhood stability, family household income scaled for family size, and less than high school educational attainment.</p

Additional file 1: of Circadian CLOCK gene polymorphisms in relation to sleep patterns and obesity in African Americans: findings from the Jackson heart study

Characteristics of the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CLOCK gene (DOCX 17 kb

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Selected Characteristics of Jackson Heart Study Participants, 2000–2004.

<p>Numbers are N(%) unless otherwise noted. Chi-squared tests for associations among categorical values. Kruskal-wallis statistic used to test for associations between classes for continuous outcome variables.</p>a<p>USDA recommended percentage of calories as carbohydrates is ≤65%.</p>b<p>USDA recommended percentage of calories as fat is ≤35%.</p

Unadjusted Percentage of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage among Women and Men in the Jackson Heart Study, 2000–2004.

<p>Excludes diabetics consistent with ATP III consensus guidelines and individuals with ≤400 kcal daily energy intake. Diabetes is defined as self-reported type I or II diabetes; taking diabetes medications; having a measured fasting plasma glucose equal to or greater than 126 mg/dL; measured hemoglobin A1C of 6.5% or greater. Elevated glucose (“pre-diabetes”) is defined as a measured fasting plasma glucose between 100–125 mg/dL, consistent with American Diabetes Association recommendations. Sex specific norms are used to define elevated waist circumference and low HDL measurement. Elevated blood pressure is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg. Elevated triglycerides are defined as ≥150 mg/dL. Elevated hsCRP is defined as hsCRP≥3.0 (mg/L), elevated insulin resistance is defined as HOMA-IR greater than or equal to 3.31. *p≤0.05 **p≤0.01.</p

Biomeasures of Insulin Resistance, Central Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Inflammation among Women and Men in the Jackson Heart Study Prevalence Ratios and (95% Confidence Intervals).

<p>Figures estimate associations with elevated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) greater than or equal to 3.31, elevated waist circumference greater than 88 cm, and elevated C-reactive protein greater or equal to 3.0 mg/L. Prevalence ratios estimated via binomial log regression with multiple imputations for missing covariates performed in PROC GENMOD, with repeated statement for neighborhood census tracts. Analysis excludes all diabetics (self-reported, use of diabetic medications, elevated fasting plasma glucose equal or greater than126 mg/dL, or hemoglobin A1C greater or equal to 6.5%), individuals with ≤400 kcal daily energy intake and individuals with HOMA-IR <0. Analyses are fully adjusted for listed covariates plus age, neighborhood stability, dietary intake (meeting USDA recommendations regarding the percentage of calories in carbohydrate and fat consumed, exceeding 15% of calories as protein, dietary fiber intake, and percentage of calories consumed as alcohol), scaled family household income, and less than high school educational attainment. Reference categories: Lives in most advantaged neighborhoods, does not perceives neighborhood as unsafe, former or never smoker. Active Living Index modeled as a continuous variable.</p

Church attendance, allostatic load and mortality in middle aged adults

<div><p>Importance</p><p>Religiosity has been associated with positive health outcomes. Hypothesized pathways for this association include religious practices, such as church attendance, that result in reduced stress.</p><p>Objective</p><p>The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between religiosity (church attendance), allostatic load (AL) (a physiologic measure of stress) and all-cause mortality in middle-aged adults.</p><p>Design, setting and participants</p><p>Data for this study are from NHANES III (1988–1994). The analytic sample (n = 5449) was restricted to adult participants, who were between 40–65 years of age at the time of interview, had values for at least 9 out of 10 clinical/biologic markers used to derive AL, and had complete information on church attendance.</p><p>Main outcomes and measures</p><p>The primary outcomes were AL and mortality. AL was derived from values for metabolic, cardiovascular, and nutritional/inflammatory clinical/biologic markers. Mortality was derived from a probabilistic algorithm matching the NHANES III Linked Mortality File to the National Death Index through December 31, 2006, providing up to 18 years follow-up. The primary predictor variable was baseline report of church attendance over the past 12 months. Cox proportional hazard logistic regression models contained key covariates including socioeconomic status, self-rated health, co-morbid medical conditions, social support, healthy eating, physical activity, and alcohol intake.</p><p>Results</p><p>Churchgoers (at least once a year) comprised 64.0% of the study cohort (<i>n</i> = 3782). Non-churchgoers had significantly higher overall mean AL scores and higher prevalence of high-risk values for 3 of the 10 markers of AL than did churchgoers. In bivariate analyses non-churchgoers, compared to churchgoers, had higher odds of an AL score <u>2–3</u> (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01, 1.50) or ≥4 (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.11, 1.71) compared to AL score of 0–1. More frequent churchgoers (more than once a week) had a 55% reduction of all-cause mortality risk compared with non-churchgoers. (HR 0.45, CI 0.24–0.85) in the fully adjusted model that included AL.</p><p>Conclusions and relevance</p><p>We found a significant association between church attendance and mortality among middle-aged adults after full adjustments. AL, a measure of stress, only partially explained differences in mortality between church and non-church attendees. These findings suggest a potential independent effect of church attendance on mortality.</p></div

Elevated allostatic load by church attendance.

<p>Elevated allostatic load by church attendance.</p

Kaplan-Meier curves for all-cause mortality by church attendance.

<p>Kaplan-Meier curves for all-cause mortality by church attendance.</p