2,202 research outputs found
Detecção de Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxigĂȘnicos e nĂŁo enterotoxigĂȘnicos de amostras fecais de crianças em SĂŁo Paulo, Brasil
Non-enterotoxigenic bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis group and enterotoxigenic B. fragilis were identified from children with and without aqueous acute diarrhea. In this study, 170 stool samples from 96 children with and 74 without diarrhea were analyzed. Enterotoxin production and the toxin gene detection were detected by cytotoxicity assay on HT-29/C1 cells and by PCR, respectively. B. fragilis species was prevalent in both groups and enterotoxigenic B. fragilis strains were isolated from two children with diarrhea. More studies are important to evaluate the role of each bacteria of the B. fragilis group, including enterotoxigenic strains play in the diarrheal processes in children.BactĂ©rias nĂŁo enterotoxigĂȘnicas do grupo Bacteroides fragilis e B. fragilis enterotoxigĂȘnicas foram isoladas e identificadas de crianças com e sem diarrĂ©ia aguda aquosa. Neste estudo, 170 amostras fecais de 96 e 74 crianças, com e sem diarrĂ©ia, respectivamente, foram analisadas. A produção de enterotoxina e a detecção do gene que media a produção da toxina foram determinadas por ensaios citotĂłxicos em cĂ©lulas HT-29/C1 e por PCR, respectivamente. A espĂ©cie B. fragilis foi prevalente em ambos os grupos, e cepas de B. fragilis enterotoxigĂȘnicas foram isoladas de duas crianças com diarrĂ©ia aquosa aguda. Maiores estudos sĂŁo necessĂĄrios para avaliar o papel de cada bactĂ©ria desse importante grupo bacteriano, incluindo-se o papel que as cepas enterotoxigĂȘnicas, desempenham no processo diarrĂ©ico em crianças
PrevalĂȘncia de periodontopatĂłgenos em pacientes com doença periodontal e indivĂduos sadios de SĂŁo Paulo, SP, Brasil
A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, E. corrodens, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola were identified from subgingival plaque from 50 periodontal patients and 50 healthy subjects. PCR products from each species showed a specific band and could be used to identify periodontal organisms from clinical specimens. Identical negative or positive results between PCR and culture occurred in 66% (A. actinomycetemcomitans) to 93% (F. nucleatum) of the samples. PCR detection odds ratio values for A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, C. rectus, E. corrodens, P. intermedia, and T. denticola were significantly associated with disease having a higher OR values for B. forsythus (2.97, 95% CI 1.88 - 4.70). Cultures showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus and P. intermedia were associated with periodontitis, however, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, E. corrodens and F. nucleatum were not significantly associated with the disease.Cepas de A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, E. corrodens, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum e T. denticola foram identificadas da placa subgengival de 50 pacientes com doença periodontal e 50 indivĂduos sadios. Os produtos de PCR de cada espĂ©cie microbiana mostraram bandas especĂficas, favorecendo a identificação direta de bactĂ©rias periodontais de espĂ©cimes clĂnicos. Resultados negativos ou positivos idĂȘnticos entre PCR e a cultura ocorreram de 66% (A. actinomycetemcomitans) a 93% (F. nucleatum) das amostras. A detecção de A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, C. rectus, E. corrodens, P. intermedia e T. denticola por PCR foi significativamente associada com a doença, mostrando valores altos de odds ratio (OR) para B. forsythus (2,97, 95% CI 1,88 - 4,70). AtravĂ©s da cultura foi observada a associação de A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus e P. intermedia com a periodontite, entretanto, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, E. corrodens e F. nucleatum nĂŁo foram significativamente relacionados Ă doença
Diversidade genĂ©tica de Fusobacterium nucleatum orais isolados de pacientes com diferentes condiçÔes clĂnicas
The genetic diversity of 23 oral Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from 15 periodontal patients, eight from seven healthy subjects, nine from nine AIDS patients and two from two Cebus apella monkeys were analyzed. EcoRI restricted the bacterial DNA and 28 ribotypes grouped from A to J groups were obtained. Isolates formed 24 ribotypes which were contained into A, B, C, D, E and F groups, and three reference strains and two clinical isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans, and E. coli CDC formed four different ribotypes into the G, H, I and J groups. Moreover, from nine F. nucleatum from AIDS patients, six were ribotyped as group C and three as group D. By using ribotyping we distinguished F. nucleatum recovered from different sources. It is possible that isolates from AIDS patients may contain some phenotypic or genotypic factor did not observed in this study.Neste estudo foi avaliada a diversidade genĂ©tica de 23 amostras de Fusobacterium nucleatum isoladas da cavidade bucal de 15 pacientes com doença periodontal, de oito cepas isoladas de sete indivĂduos sadios, de nove isoladas de nove pacientes com AIDS e de duas isoladas de dois macacos Cebus apella. Pela ação da enzima EcoRI sobre o DNA bacteriano foram reconhecidos 28 ribotipos agrupados de A a J. Os isolados testados formaram 24 ribotipos os quais foram contidos nos grupos A, B, C, D, E e F, e as trĂȘs cepas de referĂȘncia e dois isolados clĂnicos de A. actinomycetemcomitans e E. coli CDC formaram quatro diferentes ribotipos contidos nos grupos G, H, I e J. Em adição, as nove cepas de F. nucleatum isoladas de pacientes com AIDS, seis pertenciam ao grupo C e trĂȘs ao grupo D. Usando-se a ribotipagem foi possĂvel distinguir F. nucleatum isolados de diferentes origens
Stellar Properties of z ~ 8 Galaxies in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
Measurements of stellar properties of galaxies when the universe was less
than one billion years old yield some of the only observational constraints of
the onset of star formation. We present here the inclusion of
\textit{Spitzer}/IRAC imaging in the spectral energy distribution fitting of
the seven highest-redshift galaxy candidates selected from the \emph{Hubble
Space Telescope} imaging of the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS).
We find that for 6/8 \textit{HST}-selected sources, the
solutions are still strongly preferred over 1-2 solutions after the
inclusion of \textit{Spitzer} fluxes, and two prefer a solution,
which we defer to a later analysis. We find a wide range of intrinsic stellar
masses ( -- ), star formation
rates (0.2-14 ), and ages (30-600 Myr) among our sample.
Of particular interest is Abell1763-1434, which shows evidence of an evolved
stellar population at , implying its first generation of star formation
occurred just Myr after the Big Bang. SPT0615-JD, a spatially resolved
candidate, remains at its high redshift, supported by deep
\textit{Spitzer}/IRAC data, and also shows some evidence for an evolved stellar
population. Even with the lensed, bright apparent magnitudes of these candidates (H = 26.1-27.8 AB mag), only the \textit{James Webb Space
Telescope} will be able further confirm the presence of evolved stellar
populations early in the universe.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
Apoptotic microtubules delimit an active caspase free area in the cellular cortex during the execution phase of apoptosis
Apoptotic microtubule network (AMN) is organized during apoptosis, forming a cortical structure beneath plasma membrane,
which has an important role in preserving cell morphology and plasma membrane permeability. The aim of this study was to
examine the role of AMN in maintaining plasma membrane integrity during the execution phase of apoptosis. We demonstrated
in camptothecin-induced apoptosis in H460 cells that AMN delimits an active caspase free area beneath plasma membrane that
permits the preservation of cellular cortex and transmembrane proteins. AMN depolymerization in apoptotic cells by a short
exposure to colchicine allowed active caspases to reach the cellular cortex and cleave many key proteins involved in plasma
membrane structural support, cell adhesion and ionic homeostasis. Cleavage of cellular cortex and plasma membrane proteins,
such as a-spectrin, paxilin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), E-cadherin and integrin subunit b4 was associated with cell collapse
and cell detachment. Otherwise, cleavage-mediated inactivation of calcium ATPase pump (PMCA-4) and NaĂŸ/Ca2ĂŸ exchanger
(NCX) involved in cell calcium extrusion resulted in calcium overload. Furthermore, cleavage of NaĂŸ/KĂŸ pump subunit b was
associated with altered sodium homeostasis. Cleavage of cell cortex and plasma membrane proteins in apoptotic cells after AMN
depolymerization increased plasma permeability, ionic imbalance and bioenergetic collapse, leading apoptotic cells to
secondary necrosis. The essential role of caspase-mediated cleavage in this process was demonstrated because the
concomitant addition of colchicine that induces AMN depolymerization and the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD avoided the
cleavage of cortical and plasma membrane proteins and prevented apoptotic cells to undergo secondary necrosis. Furthermore,
the presence of AMN was also critical for proper phosphatidylserine externalization and apoptotic cell clearance by
macrophages. These results indicate that AMN is essential to preserve an active caspase free area in the cellular cortex of
apoptotic cells that allows plasma membrane integrity during the execution phase of apoptosis
Evidence of a Non-universal Stellar Initial Mass Function. Insights from HST Optical Imaging of Six Ultra-faint Dwarf Milky Way Satellites
Using deep observations obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we demonstrate that the sub-solar stellar initial mass function (IMF) of six ultra-faint dwarf Milky Way satellites (UFDs) is more bottom light than the IMF of the Milky Way disk. Our data have a lower-mass limit of ~0.45 M_â, while the upper limit is ~0.8 M_â, set by the turnoff mass of these old, metal-poor systems. If formulated as a single power law, we obtain a shallower IMF slope than the Salpeter value of â2.3, ranging from â1.01 for Leo IV to â1.87 for Boötes I. The significance of these deviations depends on the galaxy and is typically 95% or more. When modeled as a log-normal, the IMF fit results in a higher peak mass than in the Milky Way disk, but a Milky Way disk value for the characteristic system mass (~0.22 M_â) is excluded at only 68% significance, and only for some UFDs in the sample. We find that the IMF slope correlates well with the galaxy mean metallicity, and to a lesser degree, with the velocity dispersion and the total mass. The strength of the observed correlations is limited by shot noise in the number of observed stars, but future space-based missions like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope ( WFIRST) will enhance both the number of dwarf Milky Way satellites that can be studied in such detail and the observation depth for individual galaxies
- âŠ